Background
Methods
Search strategy
Data
Treatment | Number of patients | Mean dosage ±SD* [range] | Route of administration | Responders proportion % [95% CI] | Complete responders proportion % [95% CI] | AE proportion % [95% CI] | AE causing the stoppage or reduction of therapy proportion % [95% CI] | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Section A- Hemicrania continua | ||||||||
Acute treatments
| ||||||||
Indomethacin | 159 | Adult: 145 ± 125 [25–325] Pediatric: 100 ± 50 [25–175] | IM 1.3% REC 0.6% OS 98.1% | 157/159 99 [97–100] | 151/159 95 [92–98] | 75/83 90 | 46/83 55 | |
SONB | 17 | ** | 17/17 100 | 5/17 29 [8–50] | - | - | ||
GONB | 15 | *** | 6/15 40 [15–65] | 1/15 7 [0–19] | - | - | ||
Celecoxib | 11 | 528 ± 241 [200–800] | OS 100% | 9/11 82 [59–100] | 8/11 73 [46–100] | - | - | |
Piroxicam | 7 | 37 ± 10 [20–40] | OS 100% | 6/7 86 [60–100] | 5/7 71 [38–100] | - | - | |
MONB | 6 | 0.5–1.5 mg/ml solution with 12.μrg/m andrenaline | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
Oxygen | 13 | 8 ± 5a
| INAL 100% | 0/13 0 | 0/13 0 | - | - | |
Sumatriptan | 8 | 6 | SC 100% | 0/7 0 | 0/7 0 | - | - | |
Prolonged treatments
| ||||||||
Indomethacin | 159 | Adult:115 ± 100 [25–225] Pediatric:55 ± 35 [25–75]c
| IM 1.3% REC 0.6% OS 98.1% | 157/159 99 [97–100] | 151/159 95 [92–98] | 75/83 90 | 46/83 55 | |
SONB | 17 | ** | 17/17 100 | 5/17 29 [8–50] | - | - | ||
Melatonin | 17 | 12 [3–30] | OS 100% | 9/17 53 [29–77] | 5/17 29 [8–50] | 6/13 45 | 3/13 23 | |
GONB | 15 | *** | 6/15 40 [15–65] | 1/15 7 [0–19] | - | - | ||
ONS | 14 | **** | 12/14 84 [68–100] | 3/14 21 [3–39] | - | - | ||
Gabapentin | 13 | 1600 [600–3600] | OS 100% | 11/13 85 [65–100] | 6/13 46 [19–73] | 4/9 44 | 0/9 0 | |
Topiramate | 13 | 133 [50–300] | OS 100% | 11/13 85 [65–100] | 8/13 62 [35–89] | 2/7 29 | 2/7 29 | |
OnabotulinumtoxinA | 12 | 155b
[100–185] | SC 100% | 12/12 100 | 4/12 33 [6–60] | - | - | |
Celecoxib | 11 | 528 ± 241 [200–800] | OS 100% | 9/11 82 [59–100] | 8/11 73 [46–100] | - | - | |
Verapamil | 8 | 265 [120–480] | OS 100% | 3/8 38 [4–72] | 0/8 0 | 1/1 100 | 1/1 100 | |
Piroxicam | 7 | 37 ± 10 [20–40] | OS 100% | 6/7 86 [60–100] | 5/7 71 [38–100] | - | - | |
MONB | 6 | 0.5–1.5 mg/ml solution with 12.μrg/m andrenaline | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
Section B- Paroxysmal hemicrania | ||||||||
Acute treatments
| ||||||||
Indomethacin | 168 | Adult: 97 ± 39 Pediatric: 35 ± 27 | OS 95% IM 0.6% RECTAL 4.4% | 163/168 97 [94–100] | 150/168 89 [85–94] | 42/78 54 [43–64] | 21/78 27 [17–37] | |
Sumatriptan | 24 | 6 | SC 100% | 5/24 21 [5–37] | 1/24 4 [0–8] | 1/1 100 | 1/1 100 | |
Oxygen | 11 | 7 ± 4a
| INAL 100% | 6/18 33 [11–55] | 0/18 0 | -. | - | |
SONB | 6 | ** | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
GONB | 6 | ** | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
MONB | 6 | ** | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
Piroxicam | 5 | 36 ± 9 | OS 100% | 3/5 60 [17–100] | 2/5 40 [0–80] | - | - | [66] |
Prolonged treatments
| ||||||||
Indomethacin | 168 | Adult: 97 ± 39 Pediatric: 35 ± 27c
| OS 95% IM 0.6% RECTAL 4.4% | 163/168 97 [94–100] | 150/168 89 [85–94] | 42/78 54 [43–64] | 21/78 27 [17–37] | |
Verapamil | 30 | Adult: 248 ± 87 Pediatric: 200 ± 70 | OS 100% | 14/30 47 [26–64] | 5/30 17 [3–31] | 2/3 66 | 1/3 33 | |
Carbamazepine | 15 | 803 ± 275 | OS 100% | 3/15 20 [0–40] | 0/15 0 | - | - | |
Topiramate | 12 | Adult: 172 ± 75 Pediatric: 48 ± 3 | OS 100% | 9/12 75 [50–99] | 5/12 42 [14–70] | 2/2 100 | 2/2 100 | |
SONB | 6 | ** | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
GONB | 6 | ** | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
MONB | 6 | ** | 0/6 0 | 0/6 0 | - | - | [62] | |
Piroxicam | 5 | 36 ± 9 | OS 100% | 3/5 60 [17–100] | 2/5 40 [0–80] | - | - | [66] |
Amitriptyline | 5 | 32 ± 17 | OS 100% | 2/5 40 [0–80] | 0/5 0 | - | - | |
Section C- Short lasting unilateral neuralgiform headache attacks | ||||||||
Acute treatments
| ||||||||
Lidocaine | 36 | 1.9 [1–3.5] | IV 75% SC 25% | 34/36 94 [87–100] | 29/36 80 [67–93] | 13/36 36 [15–58] | 6/36 16 [1–31] | |
Prednisone | 11 | 53 [20–100] | OS 91% IV 9% | 6/11 50 [20–80] | 1/11 10 [0–28] | - | - | |
Methylprednisolone | 7 | 193 [16–1000] | IV 57% OS 43% | 5/7 71 [38–100] | 4/7 57 [20–94] | - | - | |
Phenytoin | 5 | 270 [200–300] | OS 100% | 1/5 20 [0–55] | 0/5 [0–0] | - | - | |
Prolonged treatments
| ||||||||
Lamotrigine | 84 | 231 [50–900] | OS 100% | 68/84 81 [73–89] | 38/84 45 [35–55] | 32 [16–48] | 13 [12–25] | |
Carbamazepine | 78 | 737 [100–2000] | OS 100% | 38/78 49 [38–60] | 9/78 11 [4–18] | 50 [20–80] | 40 [10–70] | |
Indomethacin | 50 | 116 [50–225] | OS 100% | 4/50 8 [1–15] | 1/50 2 [0–4] | 50 [0–100] | - | |
Gabapentin | 48 | 1581 [300–3600] | OS 100% | 28/48 59 [45–74] | 13/48 28 [15–41] | 0/8 0 | 0/8 0 | |
Topiramate | 36 | 168 [40–400] | OS 100% | 20/36 56 [39–72] | 10/36 28 [13–43] | 75 [32–100] | 2 [0–55] | |
VTA DBS | 9 | Amplitude: 4 mV Frequency: 185 Hz Pulse width: 60 ms | 9/9 100 | 9/9 100 | 9/9 100 | 1/9 11 | [174] | |
GONB | 9 | Bupivacaine 12.5 every 3 months | 5/9 55 [44–66] | 2/9 22 [33–44] | - | - | ||
ONS | 7 | Amplitude: 0.3–3.15 V Frequency: 60–130 Hz Pulse width: 450 ms | 7/7 100 | 7/7 100 | 0/7 0 | 0/7 0 | [175] | |
Verapamil | 6 | 347 [240–640] | OS 100% | 2/6 33 [0–71] | 1/6 17 [0–34] | - | - | |
Valproate | 5 | 950 ± 655 [250–2000] | OS 100% | 0/5 0 | 0/5 0 | - | - |