nach oben

International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery

Erschienen in:

11.11.2019 | Original Article

Tongue color clustering and visual application based on 2D information

verfasst von: Wen Jiao, Xiao-juan Hu, Li-ping Tu, Chang-le Zhou, Zhen Qi, Zhi-yu Luo, Ling-zhi Zeng, Xu-xiang Ma, Ching-Hsuan Pai, Hong-yuan Fu, Yu Wang, Jue Wang, Jia-tuo Xu

Erschienen in: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery | Ausgabe 2/2020

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

Studies have shown the association between tongue color and diseases. To help clinicians make more objective and accurate decisions quickly, we take unsupervised learning to deal with the basic clustering of tongue color in a 2D way.

Methods

A total of 595 typical tongue images were analyzed. The 3D information extracted from the image was transformed into 2D information by principal component analysis (PCA). K-Means was applied for clustering into four diagnostic groups. The results were evaluated by clustering accuracy (CA), Jaccard similarity coefficient (JSC), and adjusted rand index (ARI).

Results

The new 2D information totally retained 89.63% original information in the L*a*b* color space. And our methods successfully classified tongue images into four clusters and the CA, ARI, and JSC were 89.04%, 0.721, and 0.890, respectively.

Conclusions

The 2D information of tongue color can be used for clustering and to improve the visualization. K-Means combined with PCA could be used for tongue color classification and diagnosis. Methods in the paper might provide reference for the other research based on image diagnosis technology.

Zhang B, Wang X-z, You J, Zhang D (2013) Tongue color analysis for medical application. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine. Evid Based Complement Altern Med 2013:1–11

Li B, Huang Q, Lu Y, Chen S, Liang R, Wang Z (2008) A method of classifying tongue colors for traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis based on the CIELAB color space. In: International conference on medical biometrics. Springer

ISO 20498-5, Traditional Chinese medicine—computerized tongue image analysis system—part 5: method of acquisition and expression of tongue colour and tongue coating colour

Hao J, Zhu C-h, Cao R, Yang X, Ding X-l, Man Y, Xiong-zhi W (2016) Purple-bluish tongue is associated with platelet counts, and the recurrence of epithelial ovarian cancer. J Tradit Chin Med 36(3):321–325CrossRef

Jung C, Kim K, Boncho K, Kim J (2015) Trends in tongue color of subtype patterns on deficiency syndrome. Integr Med Res 4(1):29CrossRef

Kainuma M, Furusyo N, Urita Y, Nagata M, Ihara T, Oji T, Nakaguchi T, Namiki T, Hayashi J (2015) The association between objective tongue color and endoscopic findings: results from the Kyushu and Okinawa population study (KOPS). BMC Complement Altern Med 15(1):372CrossRef

Hsieh SF, Shen LL, Su SY (2016) Tongue color changes within a menstrual cycle in eumenorrheic women. J Tradit Complement Med 6(3):269–274CrossRef

Liu W-l, Zhang H-y, Che N-c, Tang Z-q, Gao L-y (2010) Changes of color and blood flow of the tongue in the mini-swine of immune hepatic injury. J Tradit Chin Med 30(4):265–271CrossRef

Qi Z, Li-ping T, Chen J-b, Xiao-juan H, Jia-tuo X, Zhang Z-f (2016) The classification of tongue colors with standardized acquisition and ICC profile correction in traditional Chinese medicine. Biomed Res Int 2016(1):1–9

10.

Kawanabe T, Kamarudin ND, Ooi CY, Kobayashi F, Mi X, Sekine M, Wakasugi A, Odaguchi H, Hanawa T (2016) Quantification of tongue colour using machine learning in Kampo medicine. Eur J Integr Med 8(6):932–941CrossRef

11.

Hou J, Su H-Y, Yan B, Zheng H, Sun Z-L, Cai X-C (2017) Classification of tongue color based on CNN. In: IEEE international conference on big data analysis. IEEE

12.

Wan S, Zhen-ye X, Wang Z-q, Jia-tuo X (2011) Objectified study on tongue images of patients with lung cancer of different syndromes. Chin J Integr Med 18(4):272–276

13.

Lee JA, Ko MM, Kang B-K, Alraek T, Birch S, Lee MS (2012) Interobserver reliability of four diagnostic methods using traditional korean medicine for stroke patients. J Altern Complem Med 18(1):29–34CrossRef

14.

Li Y, Linde K, Dai J, Zhang J, Hager SM, Saller R, Melchart D (2009) On the reliability of the description of morphological characteristics in traditional Chinese tongue diagnostics. Forschende Komplementärmedizin/Res Complement Med 16(2):98–104

15.

Lo L-c, Chen Y-f, Chen W-j, Cheng T-l, Chiang JY (2012) The study on the agreement between automatic tongue diagnosis system and traditional Chinese medicine practitioners. Evid Based Complem Altern Med 2012:505063

16.

Kim M, Cobbin D, Zaslawski C (2008) Traditional Chinese medicine tongue inspection: an examination of the inter- and intrapractitioner reliability for specific tongue characteristics. J Altern Complement Med 14(5):527–536CrossRef

17.

Xu J, Tu L, Zhang Z, Zhang L, Zhou C (2008) The region partition of quality and coating for tongue image based on color image segmentation method. In: IEEE international symposium on IT in Medicine and Education, pp 817–821

18.

Xu J, Zhou C, Zhang Z, Fang Z, Fei Z, Bao Y, Li W, Sun Y (2004) Computerized analysis and recognition of tongue and its coating color in tongue diagnosis. J Shanghai Univ Tradit Chin Med 18(3):43–47

19.

Zhou Z-H (2016) Machine learning. Tsinghua University Press, Beijing

20.

Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O, Blondel M, Prettenhofer P, Weiss R, Dubourg V, Vanderplas J, Passos A, Cournapeau D, Brucher M, Perrot M, Duchesnay E (2011) Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python. J Mach Learn Res 12:2825–2830

21.

Qi Z, Tu L, Luo Z, Hu X, Zeng L, Jiao W, Ma X, Jing C, Wang W, Zhang Z, Xu J (2018) Tongue image database construction based on the expert opinions: assessment for individual agreement and methods for expert selection. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8491057 CrossRef

Titel: Tongue color clustering and visual application based on 2D information
verfasst von: Wen Jiao
Xiao-juan Hu
Li-ping Tu
Chang-le Zhou
Zhen Qi
Zhi-yu Luo
Ling-zhi Zeng
Xu-xiang Ma
Ching-Hsuan Pai
Hong-yuan Fu
Yu Wang
Jue Wang
Jia-tuo Xu
Publikationsdatum: 11.11.2019
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery / Ausgabe 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1861-6410
Elektronische ISSN: 1861-6429
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11548-019-02076-z

Update Radiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Springer Medizin

Tongue color clustering and visual application based on 2D information