Introduction
Classification of cardiomyopathy
ARVC | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Familial | Familial, unknown gene | Familial, unknown gene | Familial, unknown gene | Familial, unknown gene | Familial, unknown gene |
Sarcomeric protein mutations | Sarcomeric protein mutations (see HCM) | Intercalated disc protein mutations | Sarcomeric protein mutations | Left ventricular non-compaction | |
β myosin heavy chain | Z-band | Plakoglobin | Troponin I (RCM ± HCM) | Barth syndrome | |
Cardiac myosin binding protein C | Muscle LIM protein | Desmoplakin | Essential light chain of myosin | Lamin A/C | |
Cardiac troponin 1 | TCAP | Plakophilin 2 | Familial amyloidosis | ZASP | |
Troponin T | Cytoskeletal genes | Desmoglein 2 | Transthyretin (RCM + neuropathy) | α-dystrophin | |
α-tropomyosin | Dystrophin | Desmocollin 2 | Apolipoprotein (RCM + neuropathy) | ||
Essential myosin light chain | Desmin | Cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) | Desminopathy | ||
Regulatory myosin light chain | Metavinculin | Transforming growth factor-β3 (TGFβ3) | Pseuxanthoma elasticum | ||
Cardiac actin | Sarcoglycan complex | Haemochromatosis | |||
α-myosin heavy chain | CRYAB | Anderson-Fabry disease | |||
Titin | Epicardin | Glycogen storage disease | |||
Troponin C | Nuclear membrane | ||||
Muscle LIM protein | Lamin A/C | ||||
Glycogen storage disease (e.g. Pompe; PRKAG2, Forbes’, Danon) | Emerin | ||||
Lysosomal storage disease (e.g. Anderson-Fabry, Hurler’s) | Mildly dilated CM | ||||
Disorders of fatty metabolism | Intercalated disc protein mutations (see ARVC) | ||||
Carnitine Deficiency | Mitochondrial myopathy | ||||
Phosphorylase B kinase deficiency | Dystrophies | ||||
Mitochondrial cytopathies | |||||
Syndromic HCM | |||||
Noonan syndrome | |||||
LEOPARD syndrome | |||||
Friedriech’s ataxia | |||||
Beckwith-Wiedermann syndrome | |||||
Swyer’s syndrome | |||||
Other | |||||
Phospholamban promotor | |||||
Familal amyloid | |||||
Non familial | Obesity | Myocarditis (infective/toxic/autoimmune) | Inflammation? | Amyloid (AL/prealbumin) | Tako Tsubo cardiomyopathy |
Infants of diabetic mothers | Kawasaki disease | Scleroderma | |||
Athletic training | Eosinophilic (Churg Strauss syndrome) | Endomyocardial fibrosis | |||
Amyloid (AL/prealbumin) | Viral persistence | Hypereosinophilic syndrome | |||
Drugs | Idiopathic | ||||
Pregnancy | Chromosomal cause | ||||
Endocrine | Drugs (serotonin, methysergide, ergotamine) | ||||
Nutritional—thiamine, carntitine, selenium, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia | |||||
Alcohol | Carcinoid heart disease | ||||
Tachycardiomyopathy | Metastatic cancers | ||||
Radiation | |||||
Drugs (anthracyclines) |