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Erschienen in: Der Urologe 5/2017

21.04.2017 | Zytostatische Therapie | Leitthema

Wann ist die operative Versorgung von Metastasen beim testikulären Keimzelltumor angezeigt und gibt es eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage dafür?

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. med. A. Heidenreich, P. Paffenholz, F. Haidl, D. Pfister

Erschienen in: Die Urologie | Ausgabe 5/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Die Metastasenchirurgie stellt beim testikulären Keimzelltumor (KZT) einen integralen Bestandteil der kurativen Therapieoptionen dar. Dabei muss zwischen der primären retroperitonealen Lymphknotenchirurgie bei niedriger Metastasenlast in den klinischen Stadien I–IIB sowie der teils extensiven postchemotherapeutischen Residualtumorresektion (pRTR) unterschieden werden. Im klinischen Stadium I spielt die primäre, nervschonende retroperitoneale Lymphadenektomie (nsRPLA) beim nicht-seminomatösen Keimzelltumor (NSKZT) zumindest in Europa eine untergeordnete Rolle. Im klinischen Stadium IIA/B ist die nsRPLA eine leitlinienempfohlene Therapieoption bei negativen Tumormarkern, die mit einer Kurationsrate ohne weitergehende Chemotherapie assoziiert ist. Im klinischen Stadium IIA/B der Seminome stellt die retroperitoneale Metastasenresektion ein individuelles, noch experimentelles Vorgehen dar. Postchemotherapeutische Residualtumoren beim Seminom werden der Resektion bei einer Größe >3 cm und einer positiven Fluordesoxyglucose-Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie- (FDG-PET/CT-)Aktivität zugeführt, um durch die komplette Resektion vitaler Residuen eine Kurationsrate von nahezu 100 % zu erreichen. Beim NSKZT ist die pRTR bei Residuen >1 cm indiziert, um die in bis zu 60 % der Patienten vorhandenen Teratom- und Karzinomanteile unter kurativer Intention entfernen zu können. Es ist eine komplette Resektion aller betroffenen lymphonodulären, vaskulären, viszeralen oder skeletalen Organstrukturen anzustreben, die aufgrund der Komplexität und der geringeren Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsraten an tertiären Referenzzentren erfolgen sollte. In dem vorliegenden Artikel werden Indikation, Durchführung und Ergebnisse der Metastasenchirurgie beim KZT kritisch beleuchtet.
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Metadaten
Titel
Wann ist die operative Versorgung von Metastasen beim testikulären Keimzelltumor angezeigt und gibt es eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage dafür?
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. med. A. Heidenreich
P. Paffenholz
F. Haidl
D. Pfister
Publikationsdatum
21.04.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Urologie / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7064
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7072
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-017-0385-5

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