Background
XRCCs | Cancer type | Biological function | Mechanism | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
XRCC1 | Glioma | Proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis | Targeting MMP-2, cyclin D1, VEGF, and p16 | [139] |
XRCC1 | Gastric cancer | Induction of cisplatin resistance | Targeting thioredoxin-like protein 1 (TXNL1) | [127] |
XRCC1 | Pancreatic cancer | Induction of apoptosis | Targeting base excision repair pathway | [140] |
XRCC1 | Clear cell renal cell carcinoma | Regulating tumour metastasis | Regulating the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 | [74] |
XRCC1 | Lung cancer | Tumour metastasis | Regulating the expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin | [113] |
XRCC2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Proliferation | Repairing mitochondrial DNA damage | [16] |
XRCC2 | Colorectal cancer | Cell growth, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis | Regulating bcl-2 expression | [141] |
XRCC3 | Glioma | Temozolomide resistance | Promoting DNA double-strand break repair | [18] |
XRCC3 | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Improvement in radiotherapy effect | Promoting DNA damage repair and/or enhancing Telomere stability | [134] |
XRCC3 | Breast cancer | Induction of cisplatin resistance sensitization of chemotherapeutic | Stimulating Rad51-related recombinational repair | [132] |
XRCC4 | Retinoblastoma | Drugs development | Regulating DNA damage repair | [135] |
XRCC4 | Medulloblastomas | Tumour growth | Regulating Myc-family or Cyclin D2 | [142] |
XRCC5 | Colorectal cancer | Cancer stemness and aggressiveness | Promoting cyclooxygenase-2 expression. In cooperation with p300 | [143] |
XRCC5 | Colorectal cancer | Proliferation | Activating cyclooxygenase-2 expression and enhanced prostaglandin E2 production | [144] |
XRCC6 | Osteosarcoma | Proliferation and metastasis | Promoting β-catenin/Wnt signalling pathway | [145] |
XRCC6 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Promotion of the transformation of precancerous hepatocytes and hepatocellular carcinoma development | Regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway | [146] |
XRCC6 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | Inducing an effective autophagic degradation | [17] |
Structure and biological properties of the XRCC gene family
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the XRCC family and tumour susceptibility
Genes | Variants | Position | Cancer types/functions | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
XRCC1 | G>C | c.1517 | Increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development | [147] |
Arg399Gln | exon 10 | Genetic biomarker of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | [148] | |
Arg399Gln | exon 10 | Increased childhood risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia | [149] | |
G>A | c. 1196 | Influence of colorectal cancer on the clinical outcomes of patients | [150] | |
XRCC2 | R188H | rs3218536 | Influence breast cancer risk and survival | [151] |
C>T | rs718282 | Increased the cancer risk of endometrial cancer | [152] | |
XRCC3 | Thr241Met | rs861539 | Associated with the survival of glioblastoma multiforme patients | [153] |
A>G | rs1799796 | Increased risk of prostate cancer | [154] | |
A>G | rs1799794 | Modulates the risk of head and neck cancer | [155] | |
XRCC4 | G>T | c.1394 | Associated with breast cancer development | [65] |
S110P | rs79561451 | Influence the susceptibility of individuals to breast cancer | [156] | |
A>G | rs1805377 | Genetic markers of hepatocellular carcinoma | [157] | |
XRCC5 | G>A | rs207906 | Increased susceptibility to leukaemia | [158] |
XRCC6 | C>G | c.-1310 | Associated with breast cancer risk and oestrogen exposure | [159] |