Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine 6/2018

12.05.2018 | Review

A state of the art review on optimal practices to prevent, recognize, and manage complications associated with intravascular devices in the critically ill

verfasst von: Jean-François Timsit, Mark Rupp, Emilio Bouza, Vineet Chopra, Tarja Kärpänen, Kevin Laupland, Thiago Lisboa, Leonard Mermel, Olivier Mimoz, Jean-Jacques Parienti, Garyphalia Poulakou, Bertrand Souweine, Walter Zingg

Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine | Ausgabe 6/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Intravascular catheters are inserted into almost all critically ill patients. This review provides up-to-date insight into available knowledge on epidemiology and diagnosis of complications of central vein and arterial catheters in ICU. It discusses the optimal therapy of catheter-related infections and thrombosis. Prevention of complications is a multidisciplinary task that combines both improvement of the process of care and introduction of new technologies. We emphasize the main component of the prevention strategies that should be used in critical care and propose areas of future investigation in this field.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, L’Heriteau F, Lepape A, Francais A, Ruckly S, Venier AG, Jarno P, Boussat S, Coignard B, Savey A (2012) A multicentre analysis of catheter-related infection based on a hierarchical model. Intensive Care Med 38(10):1662–1672PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, L’Heriteau F, Lepape A, Francais A, Ruckly S, Venier AG, Jarno P, Boussat S, Coignard B, Savey A (2012) A multicentre analysis of catheter-related infection based on a hierarchical model. Intensive Care Med 38(10):1662–1672PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat de Lassence A, Timsit JF, Tafflet M, Azoulay E, Jamali S, Vincent F, Cohen Y, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Alberti C, Dreyfuss D (2006) Pneumothorax in the intensive care unit: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Anesthesiology 104(1):5–13PubMedCrossRef de Lassence A, Timsit JF, Tafflet M, Azoulay E, Jamali S, Vincent F, Cohen Y, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Alberti C, Dreyfuss D (2006) Pneumothorax in the intensive care unit: incidence, risk factors, and outcome. Anesthesiology 104(1):5–13PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Siempos II, Kopterides P, Tsangaris I, Dimopoulou I, Armaganidis AE (2009) Impact of catheter-related bloodstream infections on the mortality of critically ill patients: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 37(7):2283–2289PubMedCrossRef Siempos II, Kopterides P, Tsangaris I, Dimopoulou I, Armaganidis AE (2009) Impact of catheter-related bloodstream infections on the mortality of critically ill patients: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 37(7):2283–2289PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Soufir L, Timsit JF, Mahe C, Carlet J, Regnier B, Chevret S (1999) Attributable morbidity and mortality of catheter-related septicemia in critically ill patients: a matched, risk-adjusted, cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20(6):396–401PubMedCrossRef Soufir L, Timsit JF, Mahe C, Carlet J, Regnier B, Chevret S (1999) Attributable morbidity and mortality of catheter-related septicemia in critically ill patients: a matched, risk-adjusted, cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 20(6):396–401PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Nuckols TK, Keeler E, Morton SC, Anderson L, Doyle B, Booth M, Shanman R, Grein J, Shekelle P (2016) Economic evaluation of quality improvement interventions for bloodstream infections related to central catheters: a systematic review. JAMA InternMed 176(12):1843–1854 Nuckols TK, Keeler E, Morton SC, Anderson L, Doyle B, Booth M, Shanman R, Grein J, Shekelle P (2016) Economic evaluation of quality improvement interventions for bloodstream infections related to central catheters: a systematic review. JAMA InternMed 176(12):1843–1854
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Pages J, Hazera P, Megarbane B, du Cheyron D, Thuong M, Dutheil JJ, Valette X, Fournel F, Mermel LA, Mira JP et al (2016) Comparison of alcoholic chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine cutaneous antiseptics for the prevention of central venous catheter-related infection: a cohort and quasi-experimental multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 42(9):1418–1426PubMedCrossRef Pages J, Hazera P, Megarbane B, du Cheyron D, Thuong M, Dutheil JJ, Valette X, Fournel F, Mermel LA, Mira JP et al (2016) Comparison of alcoholic chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine cutaneous antiseptics for the prevention of central venous catheter-related infection: a cohort and quasi-experimental multicenter study. Intensive Care Med 42(9):1418–1426PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucet JC, Boudama L, Zahar JR, Schwebel C, Geffory A, Pease S, Herault MC, Haouache H, Adrie C, Thuong M et al (2010) Infectious risk associated with arterial catheters compared to central venous catheters. Crit Care Med 38(4):552–559CrossRef Lucet JC, Boudama L, Zahar JR, Schwebel C, Geffory A, Pease S, Herault MC, Haouache H, Adrie C, Thuong M et al (2010) Infectious risk associated with arterial catheters compared to central venous catheters. Crit Care Med 38(4):552–559CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, Sinopoli D, Chu H, Cosgrove S, Sexton B, Hyzy R, Welsh R, Roth G et al (2006) An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 355(26):2725–2732PubMedCrossRef Pronovost P, Needham D, Berenholtz S, Sinopoli D, Chu H, Cosgrove S, Sexton B, Hyzy R, Welsh R, Roth G et al (2006) An intervention to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU. N Engl J Med 355(26):2725–2732PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Calvino-Gunther S, Schwebel C, Hamidfar-Roy R, Bonadona A, Lugosi M, Ara-Somohano C, Minet C, Potton L, Cartier JC, Vesin A et al (2016) Complications of intravascular catheters in ICU: definitions, incidence and severity. A randomized controlled trial comparing usual transparent dressings versus new-generation dressings (the advanced study). Intensive Care Med 42(11):1753–1765PubMedCrossRef Calvino-Gunther S, Schwebel C, Hamidfar-Roy R, Bonadona A, Lugosi M, Ara-Somohano C, Minet C, Potton L, Cartier JC, Vesin A et al (2016) Complications of intravascular catheters in ICU: definitions, incidence and severity. A randomized controlled trial comparing usual transparent dressings versus new-generation dressings (the advanced study). Intensive Care Med 42(11):1753–1765PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Minet C, Lugosi M, Savoye PY, Menez C, Ruckly S, Bonadona A, Schwebel C, Hamidfar-Roy R, Dumanoir P, Ara-Somohano C et al (2012) Pulmonary embolism in mechanically ventilated patients requiring computed tomography: prevalence, risk factors, and outcome. Crit Care Med 40(12):3202–3208PubMedCrossRef Minet C, Lugosi M, Savoye PY, Menez C, Ruckly S, Bonadona A, Schwebel C, Hamidfar-Roy R, Dumanoir P, Ara-Somohano C et al (2012) Pulmonary embolism in mechanically ventilated patients requiring computed tomography: prevalence, risk factors, and outcome. Crit Care Med 40(12):3202–3208PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Fletcher JJ, Wilson TJ, Rajajee V, Stetler WR Jr, Jacobs TL, Sheehan KM, Brown DL (2016) A randomized trial of central venous catheter type and thrombosis in critically ill neurologic patients. Neurocrit Care 25(1):20–28PubMedCrossRef Fletcher JJ, Wilson TJ, Rajajee V, Stetler WR Jr, Jacobs TL, Sheehan KM, Brown DL (2016) A randomized trial of central venous catheter type and thrombosis in critically ill neurologic patients. Neurocrit Care 25(1):20–28PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Chopra V, Priya A, Pekow PS, Thompson R, Flanders SA, Lindenauer PK (2016) Variation in prevalence and patterns of peripherally inserted central catheter use in adults hospitalized with pneumonia. J Hosp Med 11(8):568–575PubMedCrossRef Chopra V, Priya A, Pekow PS, Thompson R, Flanders SA, Lindenauer PK (2016) Variation in prevalence and patterns of peripherally inserted central catheter use in adults hospitalized with pneumonia. J Hosp Med 11(8):568–575PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Pikwer A, Akeson J, Lindgren S (2012) Complications associated with peripheral or central routes for central venous cannulation. Anaesthesia 67(1):65–71PubMedCrossRef Pikwer A, Akeson J, Lindgren S (2012) Complications associated with peripheral or central routes for central venous cannulation. Anaesthesia 67(1):65–71PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Chopra V, Anand S, Hickner A, Buist M, Rogers MA, Saint S, Flanders SA (2013) Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 382(9889):311–325PubMedCrossRef Chopra V, Anand S, Hickner A, Buist M, Rogers MA, Saint S, Flanders SA (2013) Risk of venous thromboembolism associated with peripherally inserted central catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 382(9889):311–325PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Chopra V, Flanders SA, Saint S, Woller SC, O’Grady NP, Safdar N, Trerotola SO, Saran R, Moureau N, Wiseman S et al (2015) The Michigan appropriateness guide for intravenous catheters (MAGIC): results from a multispecialty panel using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Ann Intern Med 163(6 Suppl):S1–S40PubMedCrossRef Chopra V, Flanders SA, Saint S, Woller SC, O’Grady NP, Safdar N, Trerotola SO, Saran R, Moureau N, Wiseman S et al (2015) The Michigan appropriateness guide for intravenous catheters (MAGIC): results from a multispecialty panel using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method. Ann Intern Med 163(6 Suppl):S1–S40PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Chopra V, O’Horo JC, Rogers MA, Maki DG, Safdar N (2013) The risk of bloodstream infection associated with peripherally inserted central catheters compared with central venous catheters in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 34(9):908–918PubMedCrossRef Chopra V, O’Horo JC, Rogers MA, Maki DG, Safdar N (2013) The risk of bloodstream infection associated with peripherally inserted central catheters compared with central venous catheters in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 34(9):908–918PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Truche AS, Darmon M, Bailly S, Clec’h C, Dupuis C, Misset B, Azoulay E, Schwebel C, Bouadma L, Kallel H et al (2016) Continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis in intensive care patients: impact on mortality and renal recovery. Intensive Care Med 42(9):1408–1417PubMedCrossRef Truche AS, Darmon M, Bailly S, Clec’h C, Dupuis C, Misset B, Azoulay E, Schwebel C, Bouadma L, Kallel H et al (2016) Continuous renal replacement therapy versus intermittent hemodialysis in intensive care patients: impact on mortality and renal recovery. Intensive Care Med 42(9):1408–1417PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Parienti JJ, Thirion M, Megarbane B, Souweine B, Ouchikhe A, Polito A, Forel JM, Marque S, Misset B, Airapetian N et al (2008) Femoral versus jugular venous catheterization and risk of nosocomial events in adults requiring acute renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299(20):2413–2422PubMedCrossRef Parienti JJ, Thirion M, Megarbane B, Souweine B, Ouchikhe A, Polito A, Forel JM, Marque S, Misset B, Airapetian N et al (2008) Femoral versus jugular venous catheterization and risk of nosocomial events in adults requiring acute renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 299(20):2413–2422PubMedCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Souweine B, Liotier J, Heng AE, Isnard M, Ackoundou-N’Guessan C, Deteix P, Traore O (2006) Catheter colonization in acute renal failure patients: comparison of central venous and dialysis catheters. Am J Kidney Dis 47(5):879–887PubMedCrossRef Souweine B, Liotier J, Heng AE, Isnard M, Ackoundou-N’Guessan C, Deteix P, Traore O (2006) Catheter colonization in acute renal failure patients: comparison of central venous and dialysis catheters. Am J Kidney Dis 47(5):879–887PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Chua HR, Schneider AG, Sherry NL, Lotfy N, Chan MJ, Galtieri J, Wong GR, Lipcsey M, Matte Cde A, Collins A et al (2014) Initial and extended use of femoral versus nonfemoral double-lumen vascular catheters and catheter-related infection during continuous renal replacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 64(6):909–917PubMedCrossRef Chua HR, Schneider AG, Sherry NL, Lotfy N, Chan MJ, Galtieri J, Wong GR, Lipcsey M, Matte Cde A, Collins A et al (2014) Initial and extended use of femoral versus nonfemoral double-lumen vascular catheters and catheter-related infection during continuous renal replacement therapy. Am J Kidney Dis 64(6):909–917PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Parienti JJ, Dugue AE, Daurel C, Mira JP, Megarbane B, Mermel LA, Daubin C, du Cheyron D (2010) Continuous renal replacement therapy may increase the risk of catheter infection. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(8):1489–1496PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Parienti JJ, Dugue AE, Daurel C, Mira JP, Megarbane B, Mermel LA, Daubin C, du Cheyron D (2010) Continuous renal replacement therapy may increase the risk of catheter infection. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(8):1489–1496PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Souweine B, Traore O, Aublet-Cuvelier B, Badrikian L, Bret L, Sirot J, Gazuy N, Laveran H, Deteix P (1999) Dialysis and central venous catheter infections in critically ill patients: results of a prospective study. Crit Care Med 27(11):2394–2398PubMedCrossRef Souweine B, Traore O, Aublet-Cuvelier B, Badrikian L, Bret L, Sirot J, Gazuy N, Laveran H, Deteix P (1999) Dialysis and central venous catheter infections in critically ill patients: results of a prospective study. Crit Care Med 27(11):2394–2398PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Coupez E, Timsit JF, Ruckly S, Schwebel C, Gruson D, Canet E, Klouche K, Argaud L, Bohe J, Garrouste-Orgeas M et al (2016) Guidewire exchange versus new site placement for temporary dialysis catheter insertion in ICU patients: is there a greater risk of colonization or dysfunction? Crit Care 20(1):230PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Coupez E, Timsit JF, Ruckly S, Schwebel C, Gruson D, Canet E, Klouche K, Argaud L, Bohe J, Garrouste-Orgeas M et al (2016) Guidewire exchange versus new site placement for temporary dialysis catheter insertion in ICU patients: is there a greater risk of colonization or dysfunction? Crit Care 20(1):230PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Chatzinikolaou I, Finkel K, Hanna H, Boktour M, Foringer J, Ho T, Raad I (2003) Antibiotic-coated hemodialysis catheters for the prevention of vascular catheter-related infections: a prospective, randomized study. Am J Med 115(5):352–357PubMedCrossRef Chatzinikolaou I, Finkel K, Hanna H, Boktour M, Foringer J, Ho T, Raad I (2003) Antibiotic-coated hemodialysis catheters for the prevention of vascular catheter-related infections: a prospective, randomized study. Am J Med 115(5):352–357PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Hermite L, Quenot JP, Nadji A, Barbar SD, Charles PE, Hamet M, Jacquiot N, Ghiringhelli F, Freysz M (2012) Sodium citrate versus saline catheter locks for non-tunneled hemodialysis central venous catheters in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 38(2):279–285PubMedCrossRef Hermite L, Quenot JP, Nadji A, Barbar SD, Charles PE, Hamet M, Jacquiot N, Ghiringhelli F, Freysz M (2012) Sodium citrate versus saline catheter locks for non-tunneled hemodialysis central venous catheters in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 38(2):279–285PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Parienti JJ, Deryckere S, Megarbane B, Valette X, Seguin A, Sauneuf B, Mira JP, Souweine B, Cattoir V, Daubin C et al (2014) Quasi-experimental study of sodium citrate locks and the risk of acute hemodialysis catheter infection among critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(10):5666–5672PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Parienti JJ, Deryckere S, Megarbane B, Valette X, Seguin A, Sauneuf B, Mira JP, Souweine B, Cattoir V, Daubin C et al (2014) Quasi-experimental study of sodium citrate locks and the risk of acute hemodialysis catheter infection among critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58(10):5666–5672PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Souweine B, Lautrette A, Gruson D, Canet E, Klouche K, Argaud L, Bohe J, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Mariat C, Vincent F et al (2015) Ethanol lock and risk of hemodialysis catheter infection in critically ill patients. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191(9):1024–1032PubMedCrossRef Souweine B, Lautrette A, Gruson D, Canet E, Klouche K, Argaud L, Bohe J, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Mariat C, Vincent F et al (2015) Ethanol lock and risk of hemodialysis catheter infection in critically ill patients. A randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 191(9):1024–1032PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Parienti JJ, Megarbane B, Fischer MO, Lautrette A, Gazui N, Marin N, Hanouz JL, Ramakers M, Daubin C, Mira JP et al (2010) Catheter dysfunction and dialysis performance according to vascular access among 736 critically ill adults requiring renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled study. Crit Care Med 38(4):1118–1125PubMedCrossRef Parienti JJ, Megarbane B, Fischer MO, Lautrette A, Gazui N, Marin N, Hanouz JL, Ramakers M, Daubin C, Mira JP et al (2010) Catheter dysfunction and dialysis performance according to vascular access among 736 critically ill adults requiring renal replacement therapy: a randomized controlled study. Crit Care Med 38(4):1118–1125PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Simon EM, Summers SM (2017) Vascular access complications: an emergency medicine approach. Emerg Med Clin N Am 35(4):771–788CrossRef Simon EM, Summers SM (2017) Vascular access complications: an emergency medicine approach. Emerg Med Clin N Am 35(4):771–788CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Traore O, Liotier J, Souweine B (2005) Prospective study of arterial and central venous catheter colonization and of arterial- and central venous catheter-related bacteremia in intensive care units. Crit Care Med 33(6):1276–1280PubMedCrossRef Traore O, Liotier J, Souweine B (2005) Prospective study of arterial and central venous catheter colonization and of arterial- and central venous catheter-related bacteremia in intensive care units. Crit Care Med 33(6):1276–1280PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Mermel LA (2011) What is the predominant source of intravascular catheter infections? Clin Infect Dis 52(2):211–212PubMedCrossRef Mermel LA (2011) What is the predominant source of intravascular catheter infections? Clin Infect Dis 52(2):211–212PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Beloin C, Fernandez-Hidalgo N, Lebeaux D (2017) Understanding biofilm formation in intravascular device-related infections. Intensive Care Med 43(3):443–446PubMedCrossRef Beloin C, Fernandez-Hidalgo N, Lebeaux D (2017) Understanding biofilm formation in intravascular device-related infections. Intensive Care Med 43(3):443–446PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Flemming HC, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S (2016) Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14(9):563–575PubMedCrossRef Flemming HC, Wingender J, Szewzyk U, Steinberg P, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S (2016) Biofilms: an emergent form of bacterial life. Nat Rev Microbiol 14(9):563–575PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP (1999) Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 284(5418):1318–1322PubMedCrossRef Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP (1999) Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections. Science 284(5418):1318–1322PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Raad II, Fang X, Keutgen XM, Jiang Y, Sherertz R, Hachem R (2008) The role of chelators in preventing biofilm formation and catheter-related bloodstream infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21(4):385–392PubMedCrossRef Raad II, Fang X, Keutgen XM, Jiang Y, Sherertz R, Hachem R (2008) The role of chelators in preventing biofilm formation and catheter-related bloodstream infections. Curr Opin Infect Dis 21(4):385–392PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin MY, Hota B, Khan YM, Woeltje KF, Borlawsky TB, Doherty JA, Stevenson KB, Weinstein RA, Trick WE (2010) Quality of traditional surveillance for public reporting of nosocomial bloodstream infection rates. JAMA 304(18):2035–2041PubMedCrossRef Lin MY, Hota B, Khan YM, Woeltje KF, Borlawsky TB, Doherty JA, Stevenson KB, Weinstein RA, Trick WE (2010) Quality of traditional surveillance for public reporting of nosocomial bloodstream infection rates. JAMA 304(18):2035–2041PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, Lugosi M, Minet C, Schwebel C (2011) Should we still need to systematically perform catheter culture in the intensive care unit? Crit Care Med 39:1556–1558PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, Lugosi M, Minet C, Schwebel C (2011) Should we still need to systematically perform catheter culture in the intensive care unit? Crit Care Med 39:1556–1558PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Shuman EK, Washer LL, Arndt JL, Zalewski CA, Hyzy RC, Napolitano LM, Chenoweth CE (2010) Analysis of central line-associated bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit after implementation of central line bundles. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31(5):551–553PubMedCrossRef Shuman EK, Washer LL, Arndt JL, Zalewski CA, Hyzy RC, Napolitano LM, Chenoweth CE (2010) Analysis of central line-associated bloodstream infections in the intensive care unit after implementation of central line bundles. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 31(5):551–553PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Worth LJ, Brett J, Bull AL, McBryde ES, Russo PL, Richards MJ (2009) Impact of revising the national nosocomial infection surveillance system definition for catheter-related bloodstream infection in ICU: reproducibility of the National Healthcare Safety Network case definition in an Australian cohort of infection control professionals. Am J Infect Control 37(8):643–648PubMedCrossRef Worth LJ, Brett J, Bull AL, McBryde ES, Russo PL, Richards MJ (2009) Impact of revising the national nosocomial infection surveillance system definition for catheter-related bloodstream infection in ICU: reproducibility of the National Healthcare Safety Network case definition in an Australian cohort of infection control professionals. Am J Infect Control 37(8):643–648PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Safdar N, Maki DG (2002) Inflammation at the insertion site is not predictive of catheter-related bloodstream infection with short-term, noncuffed central venous catheters. Crit Care Med 30(12):2632–2635PubMedCrossRef Safdar N, Maki DG (2002) Inflammation at the insertion site is not predictive of catheter-related bloodstream infection with short-term, noncuffed central venous catheters. Crit Care Med 30(12):2632–2635PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Mimoz O, Lucet JC, Kerforne T, Pascal J, Souweine B, Goudet V, Mercat A, Bouadma L, Lasocki S, Alfandari S et al (2015) Skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol, with and without skin scrubbing, for prevention of intravascular-catheter-related infection (CLEAN): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, two-by-two factorial trial. Lancet 386(10008):2069–2077PubMedCrossRef Mimoz O, Lucet JC, Kerforne T, Pascal J, Souweine B, Goudet V, Mercat A, Bouadma L, Lasocki S, Alfandari S et al (2015) Skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol, with and without skin scrubbing, for prevention of intravascular-catheter-related infection (CLEAN): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, two-by-two factorial trial. Lancet 386(10008):2069–2077PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Parienti JJ, Mongardon N, Megarbane B, Mira JP, Kalfon P, Gros A, Marque S, Thuong M, Pottier V, Ramakers M et al (2015) Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med 373(13):1220–1229PubMedCrossRef Parienti JJ, Mongardon N, Megarbane B, Mira JP, Kalfon P, Gros A, Marque S, Thuong M, Pottier V, Ramakers M et al (2015) Intravascular complications of central venous catheterization by insertion site. N Engl J Med 373(13):1220–1229PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, Schwebel C, Bouadma L, Geffroy A, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Pease S, Herault MC, Haouache H, Calvino-Gunther S, Gestin B et al (2009) Chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges and less frequent dressing changes for prevention of catheter-related infections in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301(12):1231–1241PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, Schwebel C, Bouadma L, Geffroy A, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Pease S, Herault MC, Haouache H, Calvino-Gunther S, Gestin B et al (2009) Chlorhexidine-impregnated sponges and less frequent dressing changes for prevention of catheter-related infections in critically ill adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 301(12):1231–1241PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Sherertz RJ, Raad II, Belani A, Koo LC, Rand KH, Pickett DL, Straub SA, Fauerbach LL (1990) Three-year experience with sonicated vascular catheter cultures in a clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 28(1):76–82PubMedPubMedCentral Sherertz RJ, Raad II, Belani A, Koo LC, Rand KH, Pickett DL, Straub SA, Fauerbach LL (1990) Three-year experience with sonicated vascular catheter cultures in a clinical microbiology laboratory. J Clin Microbiol 28(1):76–82PubMedPubMedCentral
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW (1977) A semiquantitative culture method for identifying intravenous-catheter-related infection. N Engl J Med 296(23):1305–1309PubMedCrossRef Maki DG, Weise CE, Sarafin HW (1977) A semiquantitative culture method for identifying intravenous-catheter-related infection. N Engl J Med 296(23):1305–1309PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Safdar N, Fine JP, Maki DG (2005) Meta-analysis: methods for diagnosing intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. Ann Intern Med 142(6):451–466PubMedCrossRef Safdar N, Fine JP, Maki DG (2005) Meta-analysis: methods for diagnosing intravascular device-related bloodstream infection. Ann Intern Med 142(6):451–466PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Brun-Buisson C, Abrouk F, Legrand P, Huet Y, Larabi S, Rapin M (1987) Diagnosis of central venous catheter-related sepsis. Critical level of quantitative tip cultures. Arch Intern Med 147(5):873–877PubMedCrossRef Brun-Buisson C, Abrouk F, Legrand P, Huet Y, Larabi S, Rapin M (1987) Diagnosis of central venous catheter-related sepsis. Critical level of quantitative tip cultures. Arch Intern Med 147(5):873–877PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O’Grady NP, Raad II, Rijnders BJ, Sherertz RJ, Warren DK (2009) Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 49(1):1–45PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Mermel LA, Allon M, Bouza E, Craven DE, Flynn P, O’Grady NP, Raad II, Rijnders BJ, Sherertz RJ, Warren DK (2009) Clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of intravascular catheter-related infection: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 49(1):1–45PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouza E, Sousa D, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Lechuz JG, Munoz P (2007) Is the volume of blood cultured still a significant factor in the diagnosis of bloodstream infections? J Clin Microbiol 45(9):2765–2769PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bouza E, Sousa D, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Lechuz JG, Munoz P (2007) Is the volume of blood cultured still a significant factor in the diagnosis of bloodstream infections? J Clin Microbiol 45(9):2765–2769PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Slobbe L, El Barzouhi A, Boersma E, Rijnders BJ (2009) Comparison of the roll plate method to the sonication method to diagnose catheter colonization and bacteremia in patients with long-term tunnelled catheters: a randomized prospective study. J Clin Microbiol 47(4):885–888PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Slobbe L, El Barzouhi A, Boersma E, Rijnders BJ (2009) Comparison of the roll plate method to the sonication method to diagnose catheter colonization and bacteremia in patients with long-term tunnelled catheters: a randomized prospective study. J Clin Microbiol 47(4):885–888PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Souweine B, Heng AE, Aumeran C, Thiolliere F, Gazuy N, Deteix P, Traore O (2008) Do antibiotics administered at the time of central venous catheter removal interfere with the evaluation of colonization? Intensive Care Med 34(2):286–291PubMedCrossRef Souweine B, Heng AE, Aumeran C, Thiolliere F, Gazuy N, Deteix P, Traore O (2008) Do antibiotics administered at the time of central venous catheter removal interfere with the evaluation of colonization? Intensive Care Med 34(2):286–291PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Vandecasteele SJ, Van Eldere J, Merckx R, Peetermans WE (2004) The effect of systemic antibiotics on the microbiological diagnosis of experimental foreign body infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 48(2):89–95PubMedCrossRef Vandecasteele SJ, Van Eldere J, Merckx R, Peetermans WE (2004) The effect of systemic antibiotics on the microbiological diagnosis of experimental foreign body infections caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 48(2):89–95PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Rijnders BJ, Peetermans WE, Verwaest C, Wilmer A, Van Wijngaerden E (2004) Watchful waiting versus immediate catheter removal in ICU patients with suspected catheter-related infection: a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 30(6):1073–1080PubMedCrossRef Rijnders BJ, Peetermans WE, Verwaest C, Wilmer A, Van Wijngaerden E (2004) Watchful waiting versus immediate catheter removal in ICU patients with suspected catheter-related infection: a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med 30(6):1073–1080PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouza E, Munoz P, Burillo A, Lopez-Rodriguez J, Fernandez-Perez C, Perez MJ, Rincon C (2005) The challenge of anticipating catheter tip colonization in major heart surgery patients in the intensive care unit: are surface cultures useful? Crit Care Med 33(9):1953–1960PubMedCrossRef Bouza E, Munoz P, Burillo A, Lopez-Rodriguez J, Fernandez-Perez C, Perez MJ, Rincon C (2005) The challenge of anticipating catheter tip colonization in major heart surgery patients in the intensive care unit: are surface cultures useful? Crit Care Med 33(9):1953–1960PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernandez-Cruz A, Martin-Rabadan P, Suarez-Salas M, Rojas-Wettig L, Perez MJ, Guinea J, Guembe M, Pelaez T, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Bouza E (2014) Is it feasible to diagnose catheter-related candidemia without catheter withdrawal? Med Mycol 52(5):491–497PubMedCrossRef Fernandez-Cruz A, Martin-Rabadan P, Suarez-Salas M, Rojas-Wettig L, Perez MJ, Guinea J, Guembe M, Pelaez T, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Bouza E (2014) Is it feasible to diagnose catheter-related candidemia without catheter withdrawal? Med Mycol 52(5):491–497PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Blot F, Nitenberg G, Chachaty E, Raynard B, Germann N, Antoun S, Laplanche A, Brun-Buisson C, Tancrede C (1999) Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: a prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures. Lancet 354(9184):1071–1077PubMedCrossRef Blot F, Nitenberg G, Chachaty E, Raynard B, Germann N, Antoun S, Laplanche A, Brun-Buisson C, Tancrede C (1999) Diagnosis of catheter-related bacteraemia: a prospective comparison of the time to positivity of hub-blood versus peripheral-blood cultures. Lancet 354(9184):1071–1077PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Raad I, Hanna HA, Alakech B, Chatzinikolaou I, Johnson MM, Tarrand J (2004) Differential time to positivity: a useful method for diagnosing catheter-related bloodstream infections. Ann Intern Med 140(1):18–25PubMedCrossRef Raad I, Hanna HA, Alakech B, Chatzinikolaou I, Johnson MM, Tarrand J (2004) Differential time to positivity: a useful method for diagnosing catheter-related bloodstream infections. Ann Intern Med 140(1):18–25PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouza E, Alvarado N, Alcala L, Sanchez-Conde M, Perez MJ, Munoz P, Martin-Rabadan P, Rodriguez-Creixems M (2005) A prospective, randomized, and comparative study of 3 different methods for the diagnosis of intravascular catheter colonization. Clin Infect Dis 40(8):1096–1100PubMedCrossRef Bouza E, Alvarado N, Alcala L, Sanchez-Conde M, Perez MJ, Munoz P, Martin-Rabadan P, Rodriguez-Creixems M (2005) A prospective, randomized, and comparative study of 3 different methods for the diagnosis of intravascular catheter colonization. Clin Infect Dis 40(8):1096–1100PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Catton JA, Dobbins BM, Kite P, Wood JM, Eastwood K, Sugden S, Sandoe JA, Burke D, McMahon MJ, Wilcox MH (2005) In situ diagnosis of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection: a comparison of quantitative culture, differential time to positivity, and endoluminal brushing. Crit Care Med 33(4):787–791PubMedCrossRef Catton JA, Dobbins BM, Kite P, Wood JM, Eastwood K, Sugden S, Sandoe JA, Burke D, McMahon MJ, Wilcox MH (2005) In situ diagnosis of intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection: a comparison of quantitative culture, differential time to positivity, and endoluminal brushing. Crit Care Med 33(4):787–791PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Guembe M, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Perez-Parra A, Martin-Rabadan P, Bouza E (2010) How many lumens should be cultured in the conservative diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infections? Clin Infect Dis 50(12):1575–1579PubMedCrossRef Guembe M, Rodriguez-Creixems M, Sanchez-Carrillo C, Perez-Parra A, Martin-Rabadan P, Bouza E (2010) How many lumens should be cultured in the conservative diagnosis of catheter-related bloodstream infections? Clin Infect Dis 50(12):1575–1579PubMedCrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Bouza E, Martin-Rabadan P, Echenagusia A, Camunez F, Rodriguez-Rosales G, Simo G, Echenagusia M, Guembe M (2014) Diagnosis of venous access port colonization requires cultures from multiple sites: should guidelines be amended? Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 78(2):162–167PubMedCrossRef Bouza E, Martin-Rabadan P, Echenagusia A, Camunez F, Rodriguez-Rosales G, Simo G, Echenagusia M, Guembe M (2014) Diagnosis of venous access port colonization requires cultures from multiple sites: should guidelines be amended? Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 78(2):162–167PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Rijnders BJ, Van Wijngaerden E, Peetermans WE (2002) Catheter-tip colonization as a surrogate end point in clinical studies on catheter-related bloodstream infection: how strong is the evidence? Clin Infect Dis 35(9):1053–1058PubMedCrossRef Rijnders BJ, Van Wijngaerden E, Peetermans WE (2002) Catheter-tip colonization as a surrogate end point in clinical studies on catheter-related bloodstream infection: how strong is the evidence? Clin Infect Dis 35(9):1053–1058PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Mrozec N, Lautrette A, Aumeran C, Laurichesse H, Forestier C, Traore O, Souweine B (2011) Bloodstream infection following positive catheter cultures, what are the risks in the ICU when catheters are routinely cultured upon removal? Crit Care Med 39(6):1301–1305CrossRef Mrozec N, Lautrette A, Aumeran C, Laurichesse H, Forestier C, Traore O, Souweine B (2011) Bloodstream infection following positive catheter cultures, what are the risks in the ICU when catheters are routinely cultured upon removal? Crit Care Med 39(6):1301–1305CrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, Mimoz O, Mourvillier B, Souweine B, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Alfandari S, Plantefeve G, Bronchard R, Troche G, Gauzit R et al (2012) Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine dressing and highly adhesive dressing for preventing catheter-related infections in critically ill adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186(12):1272–1278PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, Mimoz O, Mourvillier B, Souweine B, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Alfandari S, Plantefeve G, Bronchard R, Troche G, Gauzit R et al (2012) Randomized controlled trial of chlorhexidine dressing and highly adhesive dressing for preventing catheter-related infections in critically ill adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186(12):1272–1278PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Zafar U, Riederer K, Khatib R, Szpunar S, Sharma M (2009) Relevance of isolating Staphylococcus aureus from intravascular catheters without positive blood culture. J Hosp Infect 71(2):193–195PubMedCrossRef Zafar U, Riederer K, Khatib R, Szpunar S, Sharma M (2009) Relevance of isolating Staphylococcus aureus from intravascular catheters without positive blood culture. J Hosp Infect 71(2):193–195PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruhe JJ, Menon A (2006) Clinical significance of isolated Staphylococcus aureus central venous catheter tip cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 12(9):933–936PubMedCrossRef Ruhe JJ, Menon A (2006) Clinical significance of isolated Staphylococcus aureus central venous catheter tip cultures. Clin Microbiol Infect 12(9):933–936PubMedCrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Ekkelenkamp MB, van der Bruggen T, van de Vijver DA, Wolfs TF, Bonten MJ (2008) Bacteremic complications of intravascular catheters colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 46(1):114–118PubMedCrossRef Ekkelenkamp MB, van der Bruggen T, van de Vijver DA, Wolfs TF, Bonten MJ (2008) Bacteremic complications of intravascular catheters colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 46(1):114–118PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, Farkas JC, Boyer JM, Martin JB, Misset B, Renaud B, Carlet J (1998) Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest 114(1):207–213PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, Farkas JC, Boyer JM, Martin JB, Misset B, Renaud B, Carlet J (1998) Central vein catheter-related thrombosis in intensive care patients: incidence, risks factors, and relationship with catheter-related sepsis. Chest 114(1):207–213PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Akova M, Daikos GL, Tzouvelekis L, Carmeli Y (2012) Interventional strategies and current clinical experience with carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(5):439–448PubMedCrossRef Akova M, Daikos GL, Tzouvelekis L, Carmeli Y (2012) Interventional strategies and current clinical experience with carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(5):439–448PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Lorente L, Jimenez A, Santana M, Iribarren JL, Jimenez JJ, Martin MM, Mora ML (2007) Microorganisms responsible for intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection according to the catheter site. Crit Care Med 35(10):2424–2427PubMedCrossRef Lorente L, Jimenez A, Santana M, Iribarren JL, Jimenez JJ, Martin MM, Mora ML (2007) Microorganisms responsible for intravascular catheter-related bloodstream infection according to the catheter site. Crit Care Med 35(10):2424–2427PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Safdar N, Handelsman J, Maki DG (2004) Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 4(8):519–527PubMedCrossRef Safdar N, Handelsman J, Maki DG (2004) Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 4(8):519–527PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, Garbino J, Kullberg BJ, Lortholary O, Meersseman W, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S et al (2012) ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(Suppl 7):19–37PubMedCrossRef Cornely OA, Bassetti M, Calandra T, Garbino J, Kullberg BJ, Lortholary O, Meersseman W, Akova M, Arendrup MC, Arikan-Akdagli S et al (2012) ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(Suppl 7):19–37PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Merrer J, De Jonghe B, Golliot F, Lefrant JY, Raffy B, Barre E, Rigaud JP, Casciani D, Misset B, Bosquet C et al (2001) Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286(6):700–707PubMedCrossRef Merrer J, De Jonghe B, Golliot F, Lefrant JY, Raffy B, Barre E, Rigaud JP, Casciani D, Misset B, Bosquet C et al (2001) Complications of femoral and subclavian venous catheterization in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 286(6):700–707PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Horo JC, Maki DG, Krupp AE, Safdar N (2014) Arterial catheters as a source of bloodstream infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 42(6):1334–1339PubMedCrossRef O’Horo JC, Maki DG, Krupp AE, Safdar N (2014) Arterial catheters as a source of bloodstream infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med 42(6):1334–1339PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Brass P, Hellmich M, Kolodziej L, Schick G, Smith AF (2015) Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD006962PubMed Brass P, Hellmich M, Kolodziej L, Schick G, Smith AF (2015) Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD006962PubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Brass P, Hellmich M, Kolodziej L, Schick G, Smith AF (2015) Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD011447PubMed Brass P, Hellmich M, Kolodziej L, Schick G, Smith AF (2015) Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD011447PubMed
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Milling TJ Jr, Rose J, Briggs WM, Birkhahn R, Gaeta TJ, Bove JJ, Melniker LA (2005) Randomized, controlled clinical trial of point-of-care limited ultrasonography assistance of central venous cannulation: the third sonography outcomes assessment program (SOAP-3) trial. Crit Care Med 33(8):1764–1769PubMedCrossRef Milling TJ Jr, Rose J, Briggs WM, Birkhahn R, Gaeta TJ, Bove JJ, Melniker LA (2005) Randomized, controlled clinical trial of point-of-care limited ultrasonography assistance of central venous cannulation: the third sonography outcomes assessment program (SOAP-3) trial. Crit Care Med 33(8):1764–1769PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Li J, Fan YY, Xin MZ, Yan J, Hu W, Huang WH, Lin XL, Qin HY (2014) A randomised, controlled trial comparing the long-term effects of peripherally inserted central catheter placement in chemotherapy patients using B-mode ultrasound with modified Seldinger technique versus blind puncture. Eur J Oncol Nurs 18(1):94–103PubMedCrossRef Li J, Fan YY, Xin MZ, Yan J, Hu W, Huang WH, Lin XL, Qin HY (2014) A randomised, controlled trial comparing the long-term effects of peripherally inserted central catheter placement in chemotherapy patients using B-mode ultrasound with modified Seldinger technique versus blind puncture. Eur J Oncol Nurs 18(1):94–103PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Soni NJ, Reyes LF, Keyt H, Arango A, Gelfond JA, Peters JI, Levine SM, Adams SG, Restrepo MI (2016) Use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheterization: a national survey of intensivists and hospitalists. J Crit Care 36:277–283PubMedCrossRef Soni NJ, Reyes LF, Keyt H, Arango A, Gelfond JA, Peters JI, Levine SM, Adams SG, Restrepo MI (2016) Use of ultrasound guidance for central venous catheterization: a national survey of intensivists and hospitalists. J Crit Care 36:277–283PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Mimoz O, Chopra V, Timsit JF (2016) What’s new in catheter-related infection: skin cleansing and skin antisepsis. Intensive Care Med 42(11):1784–1786PubMedCrossRef Mimoz O, Chopra V, Timsit JF (2016) What’s new in catheter-related infection: skin cleansing and skin antisepsis. Intensive Care Med 42(11):1784–1786PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Casey AL, Badia JM, Higgins A, Korndorffer J, Mantyh C, Mimoz O, Moro M (2017) Skin antisepsis: it’s not only what you use, it’s the way that you use it. J Hosp Infect 96(3):221–222PubMedCrossRef Casey AL, Badia JM, Higgins A, Korndorffer J, Mantyh C, Mimoz O, Moro M (2017) Skin antisepsis: it’s not only what you use, it’s the way that you use it. J Hosp Infect 96(3):221–222PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Mimoz O, Chopra V, Widmer A (2016) What’s new in skin antisepsis for short-term intravascular catheters: new data to address old problems? Intensive Care Med 42(12):2043–2045PubMedCrossRef Mimoz O, Chopra V, Widmer A (2016) What’s new in skin antisepsis for short-term intravascular catheters: new data to address old problems? Intensive Care Med 42(12):2043–2045PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Wang JT, Sheng WH, Wang JL, Chen D, Chen ML, Chen YC, Chang SC (2008) Longitudinal analysis of chlorhexidine susceptibilities of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a teaching hospital in Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother 62(3):514–517PubMedCrossRef Wang JT, Sheng WH, Wang JL, Chen D, Chen ML, Chen YC, Chang SC (2008) Longitudinal analysis of chlorhexidine susceptibilities of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a teaching hospital in Taiwan. J Antimicrob Chemother 62(3):514–517PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee AS, Macedo-Vinas M, Francois P, Renzi G, Schrenzel J, Vernaz N, Pittet D, Harbarth S (2011) Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 52(12):1422–1430PubMedCrossRef Lee AS, Macedo-Vinas M, Francois P, Renzi G, Schrenzel J, Vernaz N, Pittet D, Harbarth S (2011) Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis 52(12):1422–1430PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Climo MW, Yokoe DS, Warren DK, Perl TM, Bolon M, Herwaldt LA, Weinstein RA, Sepkowitz KA, Jernigan JA, Sanogo K et al (2013) Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection. N Engl J Med 368(6):533–542PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Climo MW, Yokoe DS, Warren DK, Perl TM, Bolon M, Herwaldt LA, Weinstein RA, Sepkowitz KA, Jernigan JA, Sanogo K et al (2013) Effect of daily chlorhexidine bathing on hospital-acquired infection. N Engl J Med 368(6):533–542PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang SS, Septimus E, Kleinman K, Moody J, Hickok J, Avery TR, Lankiewicz J, Gombosev A, Terpstra L, Hartford F et al (2013) Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection. N Engl J Med 368(24):2255–2265PubMedCrossRef Huang SS, Septimus E, Kleinman K, Moody J, Hickok J, Avery TR, Lankiewicz J, Gombosev A, Terpstra L, Hartford F et al (2013) Targeted versus universal decolonization to prevent ICU infection. N Engl J Med 368(24):2255–2265PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Milstone AM, Elward A, Song X, Zerr DM, Orscheln R, Speck K, Obeng D, Reich NG, Coffin SE, Perl TM (2013) Daily chlorhexidine bathing to reduce bacteraemia in critically ill children: a multicentre, cluster-randomised, crossover trial. Lancet 381(9872):1099–1106PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Milstone AM, Elward A, Song X, Zerr DM, Orscheln R, Speck K, Obeng D, Reich NG, Coffin SE, Perl TM (2013) Daily chlorhexidine bathing to reduce bacteraemia in critically ill children: a multicentre, cluster-randomised, crossover trial. Lancet 381(9872):1099–1106PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Hockenhull JC, Dwan KM, Smith GW, Gamble CL, Boland A, Walley TJ, Dickson RC (2009) The clinical effectiveness of central venous catheters treated with anti-infective agents in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 37(2):702–712PubMedCrossRef Hockenhull JC, Dwan KM, Smith GW, Gamble CL, Boland A, Walley TJ, Dickson RC (2009) The clinical effectiveness of central venous catheters treated with anti-infective agents in preventing catheter-related bloodstream infections: a systematic review. Crit Care Med 37(2):702–712PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Falagas ME, Fragoulis K, Bliziotis IA, Chatzinikolaou I (2007) Rifampicin-impregnated central venous catheters: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother 59(3):359–369PubMedCrossRef Falagas ME, Fragoulis K, Bliziotis IA, Chatzinikolaou I (2007) Rifampicin-impregnated central venous catheters: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Antimicrob Chemother 59(3):359–369PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramos ER, Reitzel R, Jiang Y, Hachem RY, Chaftari AM, Chemaly RF, Hackett B, Pravinkumar SE, Nates J, Tarrand JJ et al (2011) Clinical effectiveness and risk of emerging resistance associated with prolonged use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters: more than 0.5 million catheter days and 7 years of clinical experience. Crit Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181feb83e PubMedCrossRef Ramos ER, Reitzel R, Jiang Y, Hachem RY, Chaftari AM, Chemaly RF, Hackett B, Pravinkumar SE, Nates J, Tarrand JJ et al (2011) Clinical effectiveness and risk of emerging resistance associated with prolonged use of antibiotic-impregnated catheters: more than 0.5 million catheter days and 7 years of clinical experience. Crit Care Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1097/​CCM.​0b013e3181feb83e​ PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Zacharioudakis IM, Zervou FN, Arvanitis M, Ziakas PD, Mermel LA, Mylonakis E (2014) Antimicrobial lock solutions as a method to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis 59(12):1741–1749PubMedCrossRef Zacharioudakis IM, Zervou FN, Arvanitis M, Ziakas PD, Mermel LA, Mylonakis E (2014) Antimicrobial lock solutions as a method to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Infect Dis 59(12):1741–1749PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Landry DL, Braden GL, Gobeille SL, Haessler SD, Vaidya CK, Sweet SJ (2010) Emergence of gentamicin-resistant bacteremia in hemodialysis patients receiving gentamicin lock catheter prophylaxis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(10):1799–1804PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Landry DL, Braden GL, Gobeille SL, Haessler SD, Vaidya CK, Sweet SJ (2010) Emergence of gentamicin-resistant bacteremia in hemodialysis patients receiving gentamicin lock catheter prophylaxis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 5(10):1799–1804PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
96.
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Longo R, Llorens M, Goetz C, Platini C, Eid N, Sellies J, Ouamara N, Quetin P (2017) Taurolidine/citrate lock therapy for primary prevention of catheter-related infections in cancer patients: results of a prospective, randomized, phase IV trial (ATAPAC). Oncology 93(2):99–105PubMedCrossRef Longo R, Llorens M, Goetz C, Platini C, Eid N, Sellies J, Ouamara N, Quetin P (2017) Taurolidine/citrate lock therapy for primary prevention of catheter-related infections in cancer patients: results of a prospective, randomized, phase IV trial (ATAPAC). Oncology 93(2):99–105PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Yang J, Yang Y, Tang Y, Fu P (2014) Citrate versus heparin lock for hemodialysis catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis 63(3):479–490PubMedCrossRef Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Yang J, Yang Y, Tang Y, Fu P (2014) Citrate versus heparin lock for hemodialysis catheters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Kidney Dis 63(3):479–490PubMedCrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Correa Barcellos F, Nunes BP, Valle LJ, Lopes T, Orlando B, Scherer C, Nunes M, Araujo Duarte G, Bohlke M (2017) Comparative effectiveness of 30% trisodium citrate and heparin lock solution in preventing infection and dysfunction of hemodialysis catheters: a randomized controlled trial (CITRIM trial). Infection 45(2):139–145PubMedCrossRef Correa Barcellos F, Nunes BP, Valle LJ, Lopes T, Orlando B, Scherer C, Nunes M, Araujo Duarte G, Bohlke M (2017) Comparative effectiveness of 30% trisodium citrate and heparin lock solution in preventing infection and dysfunction of hemodialysis catheters: a randomized controlled trial (CITRIM trial). Infection 45(2):139–145PubMedCrossRef
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Tribler S, Brandt CF, Petersen AH, Petersen JH, Fuglsang KA, Staun M, Broebech P, Moser CE, Jeppesen PB (2017) Taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock reduces catheter-related bloodstream infections in intestinal failure patients dependent on home parenteral support: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 106(3):839–848PubMed Tribler S, Brandt CF, Petersen AH, Petersen JH, Fuglsang KA, Staun M, Broebech P, Moser CE, Jeppesen PB (2017) Taurolidine-citrate-heparin lock reduces catheter-related bloodstream infections in intestinal failure patients dependent on home parenteral support: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 106(3):839–848PubMed
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Bruyere R, Soudry-Faure A, Capellier G, Binquet C, Nadji A, Torner S, Blasco G, Yannaraki M, Barbar SD, Quenot JP (2014) Comparison of heparin to citrate as a catheter locking solution for non-tunneled central venous hemodialysis catheters in patients requiring renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure (VERROU-REA study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 15:449PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bruyere R, Soudry-Faure A, Capellier G, Binquet C, Nadji A, Torner S, Blasco G, Yannaraki M, Barbar SD, Quenot JP (2014) Comparison of heparin to citrate as a catheter locking solution for non-tunneled central venous hemodialysis catheters in patients requiring renal replacement therapy for acute renal failure (VERROU-REA study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 15:449PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Raad II, Luna M, Khalil SA, Costerton JW, Lam C, Bodey GP (1994) The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters. JAMA 271(13):1014–1016PubMedCrossRef Raad II, Luna M, Khalil SA, Costerton JW, Lam C, Bodey GP (1994) The relationship between the thrombotic and infectious complications of central venous catheters. JAMA 271(13):1014–1016PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, Bruneel F, Cheval C, Mamzer MF, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Wolff M, Misset B, Chevret S, Regnier B, Carlet J (1999) Use of tunneled femoral catheters to prevent catheter-related infection. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 130(9):729–735PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, Bruneel F, Cheval C, Mamzer MF, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Wolff M, Misset B, Chevret S, Regnier B, Carlet J (1999) Use of tunneled femoral catheters to prevent catheter-related infection. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 130(9):729–735PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Chopra V, Kaatz S, Conlon A, Paje D, Grant PJ, Rogers MAM, Bernstein SJ, Saint S, Flanders SA (2017) The Michigan risk score to predict peripherally inserted central catheter-associated thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 15(10):1951–1962PubMedCrossRef Chopra V, Kaatz S, Conlon A, Paje D, Grant PJ, Rogers MAM, Bernstein SJ, Saint S, Flanders SA (2017) The Michigan risk score to predict peripherally inserted central catheter-associated thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost 15(10):1951–1962PubMedCrossRef
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhong L, Wang HL, Xu B, Yuan Y, Wang X, Zhang YY, Ji L, Pan ZM, Hu ZS (2017) Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 21(1):5PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhong L, Wang HL, Xu B, Yuan Y, Wang X, Zhang YY, Ji L, Pan ZM, Hu ZS (2017) Normal saline versus heparin for patency of central venous catheters in adult patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 21(1):5PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst FR, Chen E, Lipkin C, Tayama D, Amin AN (2014) Comparison of hospital length of stay, costs, and readmissions of alteplase versus catheter replacement among patients with occluded central venous catheters. J Hosp Med 9(8):490–496PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ernst FR, Chen E, Lipkin C, Tayama D, Amin AN (2014) Comparison of hospital length of stay, costs, and readmissions of alteplase versus catheter replacement among patients with occluded central venous catheters. J Hosp Med 9(8):490–496PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Marang-van de Mheen PJ, van Bodegom-Vos L (2016) Meta-analysis of the central line bundle for preventing catheter-related infections: a case study in appraising the evidence in quality improvement. BMJ Qual Saf 25(2):118–129PubMedCrossRef Marang-van de Mheen PJ, van Bodegom-Vos L (2016) Meta-analysis of the central line bundle for preventing catheter-related infections: a case study in appraising the evidence in quality improvement. BMJ Qual Saf 25(2):118–129PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Furuya EY, Dick A, Perencevich EN, Pogorzelska M, Goldmann D, Stone PW (2011) Central line bundle implementation in US intensive care units and impact on bloodstream infections. PLoS One 6(1):e15452PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Furuya EY, Dick A, Perencevich EN, Pogorzelska M, Goldmann D, Stone PW (2011) Central line bundle implementation in US intensive care units and impact on bloodstream infections. PLoS One 6(1):e15452PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Weaver SJ, Weeks K, Pham JC, Pronovost PJ (2014) On the CUSP: stop BSI: evaluating the relationship between central line-associated bloodstream infection rate and patient safety climate profile. Am J Infect Control 42(10 Suppl):S203–S208PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Weaver SJ, Weeks K, Pham JC, Pronovost PJ (2014) On the CUSP: stop BSI: evaluating the relationship between central line-associated bloodstream infection rate and patient safety climate profile. Am J Infect Control 42(10 Suppl):S203–S208PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Pronovost PJ, Weaver SJ, Berenholtz SM, Lubomski LH, Maragakis LL, Marsteller JA, Pham JC, Sawyer MD, Thompson DA, Weeks K et al (2017) Reducing preventable harm: observations on minimizing bloodstream infections. J Health Organ Manag 31(1):2–9PubMedCrossRef Pronovost PJ, Weaver SJ, Berenholtz SM, Lubomski LH, Maragakis LL, Marsteller JA, Pham JC, Sawyer MD, Thompson DA, Weeks K et al (2017) Reducing preventable harm: observations on minimizing bloodstream infections. J Health Organ Manag 31(1):2–9PubMedCrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, Lipsett PA, Masur H, Mermel LA, Pearson ML et al (2011) Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis 52(9):e162–e193PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, Dellinger EP, Garland J, Heard SO, Lipsett PA, Masur H, Mermel LA, Pearson ML et al (2011) Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections. Clin Infect Dis 52(9):e162–e193PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Loveday HP, Wilson JA, Prieto J, Wilcox MH (2016) epic3: revised recommendation for intravenous catheter and catheter site care. J Hosp Infect 92(4):346–348PubMedCrossRef Loveday HP, Wilson JA, Prieto J, Wilcox MH (2016) epic3: revised recommendation for intravenous catheter and catheter site care. J Hosp Infect 92(4):346–348PubMedCrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Marschall J, Mermel LA, Fakih M, Hadaway L, Kallen A, O’Grady NP, Pettis AM, Rupp ME, Sandora T, Maragakis LL et al (2014) Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 35(7):753–771PubMedCrossRef Marschall J, Mermel LA, Fakih M, Hadaway L, Kallen A, O’Grady NP, Pettis AM, Rupp ME, Sandora T, Maragakis LL et al (2014) Strategies to prevent central line-associated bloodstream infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 35(7):753–771PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Shapey IM, Foster MA, Whitehouse T, Jumaa P, Bion JF (2009) Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections: improving post-insertion catheter care. J Hosp Infect 71(2):117–122PubMedCrossRef Shapey IM, Foster MA, Whitehouse T, Jumaa P, Bion JF (2009) Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections: improving post-insertion catheter care. J Hosp Infect 71(2):117–122PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Timsit JF, Bouadma L, Ruckly S, Schwebel C, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Bronchard R, Calvino-Gunther S, Laupland K, Adrie C, Thuong M et al (2012) Dressing disruption is a major risk factor for catheter-related infections. Crit Care Med 40(6):1707–1714PubMedCrossRef Timsit JF, Bouadma L, Ruckly S, Schwebel C, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Bronchard R, Calvino-Gunther S, Laupland K, Adrie C, Thuong M et al (2012) Dressing disruption is a major risk factor for catheter-related infections. Crit Care Med 40(6):1707–1714PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Ista E, van der Hoven B, Kornelisse RF, van der Starre C, Vos MC, Boersma E, Helder OK (2016) Effectiveness of insertion and maintenance bundles to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections in critically ill patients of all ages: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 16(6):724–734PubMedCrossRef Ista E, van der Hoven B, Kornelisse RF, van der Starre C, Vos MC, Boersma E, Helder OK (2016) Effectiveness of insertion and maintenance bundles to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections in critically ill patients of all ages: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 16(6):724–734PubMedCrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Nicol PW, Watkins RE, Donovan RJ, Wynaden D, Cadwallader H (2009) The power of vivid experience in hand hygiene compliance. J Hosp Infect 72(1):36–42PubMedCrossRef Nicol PW, Watkins RE, Donovan RJ, Wynaden D, Cadwallader H (2009) The power of vivid experience in hand hygiene compliance. J Hosp Infect 72(1):36–42PubMedCrossRef
120.
Zurück zum Zitat Zingg W, Holmes A, Dettenkofer M, Goetting T, Secci F, Clack L, Allegranzi B, Magiorakos AP, Pittet D (2015) Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus. Lancet Infect Dis 15(2):212–224PubMedCrossRef Zingg W, Holmes A, Dettenkofer M, Goetting T, Secci F, Clack L, Allegranzi B, Magiorakos AP, Pittet D (2015) Hospital organisation, management, and structure for prevention of health-care-associated infection: a systematic review and expert consensus. Lancet Infect Dis 15(2):212–224PubMedCrossRef
121.
Zurück zum Zitat Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC (2009) Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci 4:50PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC (2009) Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci 4:50PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
122.
Zurück zum Zitat Blot K, Bergs J, Vogelaers D, Blot S, Vandijck D (2014) Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections through quality improvement interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 59(1):96–105PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Blot K, Bergs J, Vogelaers D, Blot S, Vandijck D (2014) Prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections through quality improvement interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 59(1):96–105PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
123.
Zurück zum Zitat van der Kooi T, Sax H, Pittet D, van Dissel J, van Benthem B, Walder B, Cartier V, Clack L, de Greeff S, Wolkewitz M et al (2017) Prevention of hospital infections by intervention and training (PROHIBIT): results of a pan-European cluster-randomized multicentre study to reduce central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections. Intensive Care Med. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-017-5007-6 PubMedCrossRef van der Kooi T, Sax H, Pittet D, van Dissel J, van Benthem B, Walder B, Cartier V, Clack L, de Greeff S, Wolkewitz M et al (2017) Prevention of hospital infections by intervention and training (PROHIBIT): results of a pan-European cluster-randomized multicentre study to reduce central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections. Intensive Care Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00134-017-5007-6 PubMedCrossRef
124.
Zurück zum Zitat Zingg W, Cartier V, Inan C, Touveneau S, Theriault M, Gayet-Ageron A, Clergue F, Pittet D, Walder B (2014) Hospital-wide multidisciplinary, multimodal intervention programme to reduce central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection. PLoS One 9(4):e93898PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zingg W, Cartier V, Inan C, Touveneau S, Theriault M, Gayet-Ageron A, Clergue F, Pittet D, Walder B (2014) Hospital-wide multidisciplinary, multimodal intervention programme to reduce central venous catheter-associated bloodstream infection. PLoS One 9(4):e93898PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
125.
Zurück zum Zitat Langgartner J, Linde HJ, Lehn N, Reng M, Scholmerich J, Gluck T (2004) Combined skin disinfection with chlorhexidine/propanol and aqueous povidone-iodine reduces bacterial colonisation of central venous catheters. Intensive Care Med 30(6):1081–1088PubMedCrossRef Langgartner J, Linde HJ, Lehn N, Reng M, Scholmerich J, Gluck T (2004) Combined skin disinfection with chlorhexidine/propanol and aqueous povidone-iodine reduces bacterial colonisation of central venous catheters. Intensive Care Med 30(6):1081–1088PubMedCrossRef
126.
Zurück zum Zitat Patrick S, McDowell A, Lee A, Frau A, Martin U, Gardner E, McLorinan G, Eames N (2017) Antisepsis of the skin before spinal surgery with povidone iodine-alcohol followed by chlorhexidine gluconate-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol applied twice for the prevention of contamination of the wound by bacteria: a randomised controlled trial. Bone Joint J 99(10):1354–1365PubMedCrossRef Patrick S, McDowell A, Lee A, Frau A, Martin U, Gardner E, McLorinan G, Eames N (2017) Antisepsis of the skin before spinal surgery with povidone iodine-alcohol followed by chlorhexidine gluconate-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol applied twice for the prevention of contamination of the wound by bacteria: a randomised controlled trial. Bone Joint J 99(10):1354–1365PubMedCrossRef
127.
Zurück zum Zitat Corley A, Cantara M, Gardner J, Trexler P, Rock C, Maragakis LL (2017) Central line-associated bloodstream infection rate elevation: attributable to National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance definition changes, ongoing opportunities for infection prevention, or both? Am J Infect Control 45(9):1030–1032PubMedCrossRef Corley A, Cantara M, Gardner J, Trexler P, Rock C, Maragakis LL (2017) Central line-associated bloodstream infection rate elevation: attributable to National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance definition changes, ongoing opportunities for infection prevention, or both? Am J Infect Control 45(9):1030–1032PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A state of the art review on optimal practices to prevent, recognize, and manage complications associated with intravascular devices in the critically ill
verfasst von
Jean-François Timsit
Mark Rupp
Emilio Bouza
Vineet Chopra
Tarja Kärpänen
Kevin Laupland
Thiago Lisboa
Leonard Mermel
Olivier Mimoz
Jean-Jacques Parienti
Garyphalia Poulakou
Bertrand Souweine
Walter Zingg
Publikationsdatum
12.05.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Intensive Care Medicine / Ausgabe 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-018-5212-y

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2018

Intensive Care Medicine 6/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Medizinstudium Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Häufigste Gründe für Brustschmerzen bei Kindern

06.05.2024 Pädiatrische Diagnostik Nachrichten

Akute Brustschmerzen sind ein Alarmsymptom par exellence, schließlich sind manche Auslöser lebensbedrohlich. Auch Kinder klagen oft über Schmerzen in der Brust. Ein Studienteam ist den Ursachen nachgegangen.

Aquatherapie bei Fibromyalgie wirksamer als Trockenübungen

03.05.2024 Fibromyalgiesyndrom Nachrichten

Bewegungs-, Dehnungs- und Entspannungsübungen im Wasser lindern die Beschwerden von Patientinnen mit Fibromyalgie besser als das Üben auf trockenem Land. Das geht aus einer spanisch-brasilianischen Vergleichsstudie hervor.

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

IT für Ärzte Nachrichten

Darauf haben viele Praxen gewartet: Das Zi hat eine Liste von Praxisverwaltungssystemen veröffentlicht, die von Nutzern positiv bewertet werden. Eine gute Grundlage für wechselwillige Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.