Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience
Erschienen in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 8/2009

01.12.2009 | Original Paper

Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ICD-10 F23): a review from a European perspective

verfasst von: Augusto Castagnini, German E. Berrios

Erschienen in: European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience | Ausgabe 8/2009

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

The tenth revision of the International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10) introduced the category F23 ‘Acute and transient psychotic disorders’ (ATPD) to incorporate clinical concepts such as the French bouffée délirante, cycloid psychosis (Germany), and the Scandinavian reactive and schizophreniform psychoses. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on ATPD and to examine how it has been differentiated from the other categories of F2 group ‘schizophrenia and related disorders’. Papers published between 1993 and 2007 were found through searches in Medline, PsychInfo and Google Scholar. Further references were identified from book chapters and comprehensive reviews of the topic. ATPD is reported as being prevalent in females and as having onset in early-middle adulthood. Although follow-up studies suggest that its outcome is more favourable than other disorders in the F2 group, ATPD tends to recur and half of cases convert mainly into either schizophrenia or affective disorders. No evidence supports the view that the traditional conditions subsumed under ATPD all refer to this diagnostic category. The lack of defining features and poor prognostic validity argue against the separation of ATPD from borderland categories.
Literatur
1.
Abe T, Otsuka K, Kato S (2006) Long-term clinical course of patients with acute polymorphic psychotic disorder without symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 60:452–457CrossRefPubMed
2.
Alaghband-Rad J, Boroumand M, Amini H, Sharifi V, Omid A, Davari-Ashtiani R (2006) Non-affective acute remitting psychosis: a preliminary report from Iran. Acta Psychiatr Scand 113:96–101CrossRefPubMed
3.
Albus M, Strauss A, Stieglitz RD (1990) Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders (section F2): results of the ICD-10 field trial. Pharmacopsychiatry 23(Suppl 4):155–159CrossRefPubMed
4.
American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth ed (DSM-IV). American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC
5.
Amin S, Singh SP, Brewin J, Jones PB, Medley I, Harrison G (1999) Diagnostic stability of first-episode psychosis. Comparison of ICD-10 and DSM-III-R systems. Br J Psychiatry 175:537–543CrossRefPubMed
6.
Amini H, Alaghband-rad J, Omid A, Sharifi V, Davari-Ashtiani R, Momeni F (2005) Diagnostic stability in patients with first-episode psychosis. Austral Psychiatry 13:388–392CrossRef
7.
Azorin JM, Kaladjian A, Fakra E (2004) Les psychoses breves. Ann Med Psychol 162:457–462
8.
Beckmann H, Franzek E (2001) Cycloid psychoses and their differentation from affective and schizophrenic psychoses. In: Henn F, Sartorius N, Helmchen H, Lauter H (eds) Contemporary psychiatry, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, pp 387–398
9.
Bertelsen A (2002) Schizophrenia and related disorders: experience with current diagnostic systems. Psychopathology 35:89–93CrossRefPubMed
10.
Bing L (1994) La theorie de dégénérescence. In: Postel J, Quetel C (eds) Nouvelle histoire de la psychiatrie. Dunod, Paris, pp 233–238
11.
Brockington IF, Perris C, Kendell RE, Hillier VE, Wainwright S (1982) The course and outcome of cycloid psychosis. Psychol Med 12:97–105CrossRefPubMed
12.
Castagnini A, Bertelsen A, Munk-Jørgensen P, Berrios GE (2007) The relationship of reactive psychosis and F23 ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders: a register-based comparison. Psychopathology 40:47–53CrossRefPubMed
13.
Castagnini A, Bertelsen A, Berrios GE (2008) Incidence and diagnostic stability of ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorders. Compr Psychiatry 49(3):255–261
14.
Chakraborty R, Chatterjee A, Choudhary S, Singh AR, Chakraborty PK (2007) Life events in acute and transient psychotic disorders: a comparison with mania. Ger J Psychiatry 10:36–40
15.
Cooper B (1987) Mental disorder as reaction: the history of a psychiatric concept. In: Katsching H (ed) Life events and psychiatric disorders. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1–32
16.
Cooper JE, Singh SP (2001) Acute and transient psychoses. In: Henn F, Sartorius N, Helmchen H, Lauter H (eds) Contemporary psychiatry, vol 1. Springer, Berlin, pp 413–423
17.
Cooper JE, Jablensky A, Sartorius N (1990) WHO collaborative studies on acute psychoses using the SCAAPS schedule. In: Stefanis CN et al (eds) Psychiatry: a world perspective, vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 185–192
18.
Cutting J, Clare AW, Man A (1978) Cycloid psychosis: an investigation of the concept. Psychol Med 8:637–648CrossRefPubMed
19.
Das SK, Malhotra S, Basu D (1999) Family study of acute and transient psychotic disorders: comparison with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatr Psych Epidem 34:328–332CrossRef
20.
Das SK, Malhotra S, Basu D, Malhotra R (2001) Testing the stress-vulnerability hypothesis in ICD-10-diagnosed acute and transient psychotic disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 104:56–58CrossRefPubMed
21.
Ey H (1954) Les bouffées délirantes et les psychoses hallucinatoires aiguës. Ètude n. 23. In: Ètudes psychiatriques, vol 3. Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, pp 203–324
22.
Fœrgeman P (1963) Psychogenic psychoses: a description and follow-up of psychoses following psychological stress. Butterworths, London
23.
Garrabé J, Cousin FR (2000) Acute and transient psychotic disorders. In: Gelder M, Lopez-Ibor JJ, Andreasen NC (eds) Oxford textbook of psychiatry, vol 2. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 644–649
24.
Geddes J, Carney S (2002) Systematic reviews and meta-analyses. In: Priebe S, Slade M (eds) Evidence in mental health care. Rutledge, London, pp 73–80
25.
Guinness EA (1992) Patterns of mental illness in the early stages of urbanisation. Br J Psychiatry 160(suppl 4):4–11 24–41
26.
Guldberg CA, Dahl AA, Bertelsen A, Hansen H, Haslerud J, Hytten K, Narud K (1996) The reactivity of psychosis rating form (RPRF): background, development and psychometrics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93:113–118CrossRefPubMed
27.
Hatotani N (1996) The concept of ‘atypical psychoses’: special reference to its development in Japan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 50:1–10CrossRefPubMed
28.
Jablensky A (2001) Classification of nonschizophrenic psychotic disorders: a historical perspective. Curr Psychiatry Rep 3:326–331CrossRefPubMed
29.
Jäger MDM, Hintermayr M, Bottlender R, Strauss A, Möller HJ (2003) Course and outcome of first-admitted patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders (ICD-10: F23). Focus on relapses and social adjustment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 253:209–215CrossRef
30.
Jäger M, Bottlender R, Strauss A, Möller HJ (2003) On the descriptive validity of ICD-10 schizophrenia: empirical analyses in the spectrum of non-affective functional psychoses. Psychopathology 36:152–159CrossRefPubMed
31.
Jäger MDM, Bottlender R, Strauss A, Möller HJ (2004) Klassifikation der funktionellen Psychosen: Die Bedeutung der ICD-10-Diagnosen (Forschungskriterien) für die Vorhersage des Langzeitverlaufes. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 72:70–78CrossRefPubMed
32.
Jäger MDM, Riedel M, Möller HJ (2007) Akute vorübergehende psychotische Störungen (ICD-10: F23). Empirische Befunde und Implikationen für die Therapie. Nervenarzt 78:749–752CrossRef
33.
Jönsson SAT, Jonsson H, Nyman AK, Nyman GE (1991) The concept of cycloid psychosis: sensitivity and specificity of syndromes derived by multivariate clustering techniques. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83:353–362CrossRefPubMed
34.
Jørgensen P (1995) Comparative outcome of first admission patients with delusional beliefs. Eur Psychiatry 10:276–281CrossRefPubMed
35.
Jørgensen P, Bennedsen B, Christensen J, Hyllested A (1996) Acute and transient psychotic disorder: comorbidity with personality disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 94:460–464CrossRefPubMed
36.
Jørgensen P, Bennedsen B, Christensen J, Hyllested A (1997) Acute and transient psychotic disorder: a 1-year follow-up study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 96:150–154CrossRefPubMed
37.
Kant O (1941) A comparative study of recovered and deteriorated schizophrenic patients. J Nerv Ment Dis 93:616–624
38.
39.
Kendler KS (1980) The nosologic validity of paranoia (simple delusional disorder). Arch Gen Psychiatry 37:699–706PubMed
40.
Kendler KS (1990) Towards a scientific psychiatric nosology. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:969–973PubMed
41.
Kleist K (1928) Über zykloide und epileptoide Psychosen und über die Frage der Degenerationspsychosen. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 23:3–37
42.
Kraepelin E (1896) Psychiatrie. Aufl 5. Barth, Leipzig
43.
Lange W, Munk-Jørgensen P, Bertelsen A, Schurmann A, Michels R, Malchow CP, Dilling H (2002) Comparison of psychiatric ICD-10 diagnoses in Denmark and Germany. Psychopathology 35:36–47CrossRefPubMed
44.
Langfeldt G (1939) The schizophreniform states. Munksgaard, Copenhagen
45.
Langfeldt G (1982) Definition of ‘schizophreniform psychoses’. Am J Psychiatry 139:703PubMed
46.
Leonhard K (1957) Aufteilung der endogenen Psychosen. Akademie, Jena (translation by Berman E, The classification of endogenous psychoses, Irvington, New York, 1979)
47.
Magnan V (1893) Leçon cliniques sur les maladies mentales, 2 edn. Bataille, Paris
48.
Maj M (1990) Cycloid psychotic disorder: validation of the concept by means of a follow-up and a family study. Psychopathology 23:196–204PubMed
49.
Malhotra S, Malhotra S (2003) Acute and transient psychotic disorders: comparison with schizophrenia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 5:178–186CrossRefPubMed
50.
51.
Marneros A, Pillmann F (2004) Acute and transient psychoses. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
52.
Marneros A, Pillmann F, Haring A, Balzuweit S, Bloink R (2002) The relation of acute and transient psychotic disorder (ICD-10 F23) to bipolar schizoaffective disorder. J Psychiatr Res 36:165–171CrossRefPubMed
53.
Marneros A, Pillmann F, Haring A, Balzuweit S, Bloink R (2003) Features of acute and transient psychotic disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 253:167–174CrossRefPubMed
54.
McGrath J, Saha S, Welham J, El Saadi O, MacCauley C, Chant D (2004) A systematic review of the incidence of schizophrenia: the distribution of rates and the influence of sex, urbanicity, migrant status and methodology. BMC Med 2:13CrossRefPubMed
55.
Menuck M, Legault S, Schmidt P, Remington G (1989) The nosologic status of the remitting atypical psychoses. Compr Psychiatry 30:53–73CrossRefPubMed
56.
Mitsuda H (1965) The concept of “atypical psychoses” from the aspect of clinical genetics. Acta Psychiatr Scand 41:372–377CrossRefPubMed
57.
Modestin J, Rausch A, Sonderegger P, Bachmann KM, Erni T (2002) Clinical study on cycloid psychosis. Eur J Psychiatry 16:95–101
58.
Mojtabai R (2000) Heterogeneity of cycloid psychoses: a latent class analysis. Psychol Med 30:721–726CrossRefPubMed
59.
Mojtbai R (2005) Acute and transient psychotic disorders and brief psychotic disorder. In: Kaplan VA, Sadock BJ (eds) Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry, 8th edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, pp 1512–1522
60.
Mojtabai R, Varma VK, Susser E (2000) Duration of remitting psychoses with acute onset. Implications for ICD-10. Br J Psychiatry 176:576–580CrossRefPubMed
61.
Mojtabai R, Susser E, Bromet EJ (2003) Clinical characteristics, 4-year course and DSM-IV classification of patients with non affective acute remitting psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 160:2108–2115CrossRefPubMed
62.
Munro A (1999) Delusional disorders. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
63.
Myin-Germeys I, van Os J, Schwartz JE (2001) Emotional reactivity to daily life stress in psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:1137–1144CrossRefPubMed
64.
Okasha A, el Dawla AS, Khalil AH, Saad A (1993) Presentation of acute psychosis in an Egyptian sample: a transcultural comparison. Compr Psychiatry 34:4–9CrossRefPubMed
65.
Pepplinkhuizen L, van der Heijden FMMA, Tuinier S, Verhoeven WMA, Fekkes D (2003) The acute transient polymorphic psychosis: a biochemical subtype of the cycloid psychosis. Acta Neuropsychiatrica 15:38–43CrossRef
66.
Peralta V, Cuesta MJ (2003) Cycloid psychosis: a clinical and nosological study. Psychol Med 33:443–453CrossRefPubMed
67.
Peralta V, Cuesta MJ, Zandio M (2007) Cycloid psychosis: an examination of the validity of the concept. Curr Psychiat Rep 9:184–197CrossRef
68.
Perris C (1974) A study of cycloid psychoses. Acta Psychiatr Scand Suppl 253:1–77PubMed
69.
Perris C (1986) The case for the independence of cycloid psychotic disorder from schizoaffective disorders. In: Marneros A, Tsuang MT (eds) Schizoaffective Psychoses. Springer, Berlin, pp 272–308
70.
Perris C (1995) Leonhard and the cycloid psychoses. In: Berrios GE, Porter R (eds) A history of clinical psychiatry. Athlone, London, pp 421–430
71.
Perris C, Brockington IF (1981) Cycloid psychoses and their relation to the major psychoses. In: Perris C, Struwe G, Jansson B (eds) Biological Psychiatry 1981), vol 1. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 447–450
72.
Pillmann F, Marneros A (2005) Longitudinal follow-up in acute and transient psychotic disorders and schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 187:286–287CrossRefPubMed
73.
Pillmann F, Haring A, Balzuweit S, Bloink R, Marneros A (2001) Concordance of acute and transient psychoses and cycloid psychoses. Psychopathology 34:305–311CrossRefPubMed
74.
Pillmann F, Haring A, Balzuweit S, Bloink R, Marneros A (2002) The concordance of ICD-10 acute and transient psychosis and DSM-IV brief psychotic disorder. Psychol Med 32:525–533CrossRefPubMed
75.
Pillmann F, Bloink R, Balzuweit S, Haring A, Marneros A (2003) Personality and social interactions in patients with acute brief psychoses. J Nerv Ment Dis 191:503–508CrossRefPubMed
76.
Pillmann F, Haring A, Balzuweit S, Bloink R, Marneros A (2003) Bouffée délirante and ICD-10 acute and transient psychoses: a comparative study. Aus NZ J Psychiatry 37:327–333CrossRef
77.
Pitta JC, Blay SL (1997) Psychogenic (reactive) and hysterical psychoses: a cross-system reliability study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 95:112–118CrossRefPubMed
78.
Pull MC, Pull CB, Pichot P (1987) Des critères empiriques français per les psychoses. II: consensus des psychiatres français et definitions provisoires. Encephale 13:53–57PubMed
79.
Robins E, Guze S (1970) Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 126:983–987PubMed
80.
Roth M, McClelland H (1979) The relationship of ‘nuclear’ and ‘atypical’ psychoses: some proposals for a classification of disorders in the borderlands of schizophrenia. Psychiatria Clin 12:23–54
81.
Rottig S, Pillmann F, Bloink R, Haring A, Balzuweit S, Marneros A (2005) Is there evidence in the EEG for increased epileptiform activity in ICD-10 acute and transient psychotic disorder? Psychopathology 38:281–284CrossRefPubMed
82.
Sajith SG, Chandrasekaran R, Sadanandan Unni KE, Sahai A (2002) Acute polymorphic psychotic disorder: diagnostic stability over 3 years. Acta Psychiatr Scand 105:104–109CrossRefPubMed
83.
Sartorius N, Üstun TB, Korten A, Cooper JE, van Drimmelen J (1995) Progress toward achieving a common language in psychiatry. II: Results from the international field trials of the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for research for mental and behavioural disorders. Am J Psychiatry 152:1427–1437PubMed
84.
Schneider K (1958) Klinische Psychopathologie. Aufl 5. Thieme, Stuttgart (translated by Hamilton MW, Anderson EW, Clinical psychopathology, Grune & Stratton, New York, 1959)
85.
Sigmund D, Mundt C (1999) The cycloid type and its differentiation from core schizophrenia: a phenomenological approach. Compr Psychiatry 40:4–18CrossRefPubMed
86.
Singh SP, Burns T, Amin S, Jones PB, Harrison G (2004) Acute and transient psychotic disorders: precursors, epidemiology, course and outcome. Br J Psychiatry 185:452–459CrossRefPubMed
87.
Strömgren E (1974) Psychogenic psychoses. In: Hirsh RS, Shepherd M (eds) Themes and variations in European psychiatry. Wright, Bristol, pp 101–125
88.
Suda K, Hayashi N, Hiraga M (2005) Predicting features of later development of schizophrenia among patients with acute and transient psychotic disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 59:146–150CrossRefPubMed
89.
Susser E, Wanderling J (1994) Epidemiology of nonaffective acute remitting psychosis vs schizophrenia. Sex and sociocultural setting. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51:294–301
90.
Susser E, Finnerty MT, Sohler N (1996) Acute psychoses: a proposed diagnosis for ICD-11 and DSM-V. Psychiatr Quat 67:165–176CrossRef
91.
Susser E, Varma VK, Mattoo SK, Finnerty M, Mojtabai R, Tripathi BM, Misra AK, Wig NN (1998) Long-term course of acute brief psychosis in a developing country setting. Br J Psychiatry 173:226–230CrossRefPubMed
92.
Taylor M (1994) Madness and Maastricht: a review of reactive psychoses from a European perspective. JRS Med 87:683–686
93.
Thangadurai P, Gopalakrishnan R, Kurian S, Jacob KS (2006) Diagnostic stability and status of acute and transient psychotic disorders. Br J Psychiatry 188:293CrossRefPubMed
94.
Thorup A, Waltorf BL, Pedersen CB, Mortensen PB, Nordentoft M (2007) Young males have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia: a Danish register study. Psychol Med 37:479–484CrossRefPubMed
95.
Ungvari GA, Mullen PE (1999) Reactive psychoses. In: Bhugra D, Munro A (eds) Troublesome disguises. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 52–90
96.
Vaillant GE (1962) The prediction of recovery in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 135:534–543PubMedCrossRef
97.
van der Heijden FMMA, Tuinier S, Kahn RS, Verhoeven WMA (2004) Nonschizophrenic psychotic disorders: the case of cycloid psychoses. Psychopathology 37:161–167CrossRefPubMed
98.
Weibel H, Metzger JY (2005) Psychoses délirantes aiguës. EMC Psychiatrie 21:40–61CrossRef
99.
Wimmer A (1916) Psykogene Sindssygdomsformer. In Sct. Hans Hospital 1816–1915 Jubilaeums-skrifts. Gad, Københaven, pp 85–216 (Edited and translated by Schioldann J, Psychogenic psychoses. Adelaide Academic Press, Burnside, 2003)
100.
World Health Organization (1992) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. World Health Organization, Geneva
101.
Zubin J, Spring B (1977) Vulnerability: a new view of schizophrenia. J Abnor Psychol 86:103–126CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ICD-10 F23): a review from a European perspective
verfasst von
Augusto Castagnini
German E. Berrios
Publikationsdatum
01.12.2009
Verlag
D. Steinkopff-Verlag
Erschienen in
European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience / Ausgabe 8/2009
Print ISSN: 0940-1334
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-8491
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-009-0008-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 8/2009

European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 8/2009 Zur Ausgabe

Short Communication

Reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in the GR+/− genetic mouse model of depression

Original Paper

The effect of the COMT val158met polymorphism on neural correlates of semantic verbal fluency

Original Paper

Neuropsychological assessment of driving ability and self-evaluation: a comparison between driving offenders and a control group

Letter to the Editors

Review of the 6th symposium for the search for the causes of schizophrenia, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3–6 February 2009

Original Paper

Driving simulator performance and psychomotor functions of schizophrenic patients treated with antipsychotics

Original Paper

Temperamental predictors of externalizing problems among boys and girls: a longitudinal study in a high-risk sample from ages 3 months to 15 years

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Demenzkranke durch Antipsychotika vielfach gefährdet

23.04.2024 Demenz Nachrichten

Wenn Demenzkranke aufgrund von Symptomen wie Agitation oder Aggressivität mit Antipsychotika behandelt werden, sind damit offenbar noch mehr Risiken verbunden als bislang angenommen.

Weniger postpartale Depressionen nach Esketamin-Einmalgabe

23.04.2024 Depression antepartal oder postpartal Nachrichten

Bislang gibt es kein Medikament zur Prävention von Wochenbettdepressionen. Das Injektionsanästhetikum Esketamin könnte womöglich diese Lücke füllen.

„Psychotherapie ist auch bei sehr alten Menschen hochwirksam!“

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Die Kombination aus Medikamenten und Psychotherapie gilt als effektivster Ansatz bei Depressionen. Das ist bei betagten Menschen nicht anders, trotz Besonderheiten.

Auf diese Krankheiten bei Geflüchteten sollten Sie vorbereitet sein

22.04.2024 DGIM 2024 Nachrichten

Um Menschen nach der Flucht aus einem Krisengebiet bestmöglich medizinisch betreuen zu können, ist es gut zu wissen, welche Erkrankungen im jeweiligen Herkunftsland häufig sind. Dabei hilft eine Internetseite der CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention).

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise