Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 4/2018

21.11.2018

Cancer-associated fibroblasts as key regulators of the breast cancer tumor microenvironment

verfasst von: J. M. Houthuijzen, J. Jonkers

Erschienen in: Cancer and Metastasis Reviews | Ausgabe 4/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Tumor cells exist in close proximity with non-malignant cells. Extensive and multilayered crosstalk between tumor cells and stromal cells tailors the tumor microenvironment (TME) to support survival, growth, and metastasis. Fibroblasts are one of the largest populations of non-malignant host cells that can be found within the TME of breast, pancreatic, and prostate tumors. Substantial scientific evidence has shown that these cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are not only associated with tumors by proximity but are also actively recruited to developing tumors where they can influence other cells of the TME as well as influencing tumor cell survival and metastasis. This review discusses the impact of CAFs on breast cancer biology and highlights their heterogeneity, origin and their role in tumor progression, ECM remodeling, therapy resistance, metastasis, and the challenges ahead of targeting CAFs to improve therapy response.
Literatur
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kalluri. (2016). The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer. Nature, 16(9), 582–598. Kalluri. (2016). The biology and function of fibroblasts in cancer. Nature, 16(9), 582–598.
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Osterreicher, C. H., Penz-Osterreicher, M., Grivennikov, S. I., Guma, M., Koltsova, E. K., Datz, C., et al. (2011). Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages in the liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(1), 308–313. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1017547108.CrossRefPubMed Osterreicher, C. H., Penz-Osterreicher, M., Grivennikov, S. I., Guma, M., Koltsova, E. K., Datz, C., et al. (2011). Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages in the liver. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(1), 308–313. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1073/​pnas.​1017547108.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jotzu, C., Alt, E., Welte, G., Li, J., Hennessy, B. T., Devarajan, E., et al. (2011). Adipose tissue derived stem cells differentiate into carcinoma-associated fibroblast-like cells under the influence of tumor derived factors. Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht), 34(1), 55–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-011-0012-1.CrossRef Jotzu, C., Alt, E., Welte, G., Li, J., Hennessy, B. T., Devarajan, E., et al. (2011). Adipose tissue derived stem cells differentiate into carcinoma-associated fibroblast-like cells under the influence of tumor derived factors. Cellular Oncology (Dordrecht), 34(1), 55–67. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s13402-011-0012-1.CrossRef
20.
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Kojima, Y., Acar, A., Eaton, E. N., Mellody, K. T., Scheel, C., Ben-Porath, I., et al. (2010). Autocrine TGF-beta and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) signaling drives the evolution of tumor-promoting mammary stromal myofibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(46), 20009–20014. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1013805107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kojima, Y., Acar, A., Eaton, E. N., Mellody, K. T., Scheel, C., Ben-Porath, I., et al. (2010). Autocrine TGF-beta and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) signaling drives the evolution of tumor-promoting mammary stromal myofibroblasts. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(46), 20009–20014. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1073/​pnas.​1013805107.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Shangguan, L., Ti, X., Krause, U., Hai, B., Zhao, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2012). Inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad signaling by BAMBI blocks differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and abolishes their protumor effects. Stem Cells, 30(12), 2810–2819. https://doi.org/10.1002/stem.1251.CrossRefPubMed Shangguan, L., Ti, X., Krause, U., Hai, B., Zhao, Y., Yang, Z., et al. (2012). Inhibition of TGF-beta/Smad signaling by BAMBI blocks differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts and abolishes their protumor effects. Stem Cells, 30(12), 2810–2819. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​stem.​1251.CrossRefPubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Guido, C., Whitaker-Menezes, D., Capparelli, C., Balliet, R., Lin, Z., Pestell, R. G., et al. (2012). Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts by TGF-beta drives tumor growth: connecting TGF-beta signaling with "Warburg-like" cancer metabolism and L-lactate production. Cell Cycle, 11(16), 3019–3035. https://doi.org/10.4161/cc.21384.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Guido, C., Whitaker-Menezes, D., Capparelli, C., Balliet, R., Lin, Z., Pestell, R. G., et al. (2012). Metabolic reprogramming of cancer-associated fibroblasts by TGF-beta drives tumor growth: connecting TGF-beta signaling with "Warburg-like" cancer metabolism and L-lactate production. Cell Cycle, 11(16), 3019–3035. https://​doi.​org/​10.​4161/​cc.​21384.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
41.
45.
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Chen, L. C., Tu, S. H., Huang, C. S., Chen, C. S., Ho, C. T., Lin, H. W., et al. (2012). Human breast cancer cell metastasis is attenuated by lysyl oxidase inhibitors through down-regulation of focal adhesion kinase and the paxillin-signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 134(3), 989–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-1986-8.CrossRefPubMed Chen, L. C., Tu, S. H., Huang, C. S., Chen, C. S., Ho, C. T., Lin, H. W., et al. (2012). Human breast cancer cell metastasis is attenuated by lysyl oxidase inhibitors through down-regulation of focal adhesion kinase and the paxillin-signaling pathway. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 134(3), 989–1004. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10549-012-1986-8.CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams, E. F., Newton, C. J., Braunsberg, H., Shaikh, N., Ghilchik, M., & James, V. H. (1988). Effects of human breast fibroblasts on growth and 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase activity of MCF-7 cells in culture. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 11(2), 165–172.CrossRefPubMed Adams, E. F., Newton, C. J., Braunsberg, H., Shaikh, N., Ghilchik, M., & James, V. H. (1988). Effects of human breast fibroblasts on growth and 17 beta-estradiol dehydrogenase activity of MCF-7 cells in culture. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 11(2), 165–172.CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Rasmussen, A. A., & Cullen, K. J. (1998). Paracrine/autocrine regulation of breast cancer by the insulin-like growth factors. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 47(3), 219–233.CrossRefPubMed Rasmussen, A. A., & Cullen, K. J. (1998). Paracrine/autocrine regulation of breast cancer by the insulin-like growth factors. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 47(3), 219–233.CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernard, S., Myers, M., Fang, W. B., Zinda, B., Smart, C., Lambert, D., et al. (2018). CXCL1 derived from mammary fibroblasts promotes progression of mammary lesions to invasive carcinoma through CXCR2 dependent mechanisms. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-018-9407-1. Bernard, S., Myers, M., Fang, W. B., Zinda, B., Smart, C., Lambert, D., et al. (2018). CXCL1 derived from mammary fibroblasts promotes progression of mammary lesions to invasive carcinoma through CXCR2 dependent mechanisms. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10911-018-9407-1.
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Bates, A. L., Pickup, M. W., Hallett, M. A., Dozier, E. A., Thomas, S., & Fingleton, B. (2015). Stromal matrix metalloproteinase 2 regulates collagen expression and promotes the outgrowth of experimental metastases. The Journal of Pathology, 235(5), 773–783. https://doi.org/10.1002/path.4493.CrossRefPubMed Bates, A. L., Pickup, M. W., Hallett, M. A., Dozier, E. A., Thomas, S., & Fingleton, B. (2015). Stromal matrix metalloproteinase 2 regulates collagen expression and promotes the outgrowth of experimental metastases. The Journal of Pathology, 235(5), 773–783. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​path.​4493.CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu, J., Shen, J. X., Wu, H. T., Li, X. L., Wen, X. F., Du, C. W., et al. (2018). Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) promotes metastasis of breast cancer and is a potential therapeutic target. Discovery Medicine, 25(139), 211–223.PubMed Liu, J., Shen, J. X., Wu, H. T., Li, X. L., Wen, X. F., Du, C. W., et al. (2018). Collagen 1A1 (COL1A1) promotes metastasis of breast cancer and is a potential therapeutic target. Discovery Medicine, 25(139), 211–223.PubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Badaoui, M., Mimsy-Julienne, C., Saby, C., Van Gulick, L., Peretti, M., Jeannesson, P., et al. (2018). Collagen type 1 promotes survival of human breast cancer cells by overexpressing Kv10.1 potassium and Orai1 calcium channels through DDR1-dependent pathway. Oncotarget, 9(37), 24653–24671. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19065.CrossRefPubMed Badaoui, M., Mimsy-Julienne, C., Saby, C., Van Gulick, L., Peretti, M., Jeannesson, P., et al. (2018). Collagen type 1 promotes survival of human breast cancer cells by overexpressing Kv10.1 potassium and Orai1 calcium channels through DDR1-dependent pathway. Oncotarget, 9(37), 24653–24671. https://​doi.​org/​10.​18632/​oncotarget.​19065.CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Ignotz, R. A., & Massague, J. (1986). Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation into the extracellular matrix. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(9), 4337–4345.PubMed Ignotz, R. A., & Massague, J. (1986). Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of fibronectin and collagen and their incorporation into the extracellular matrix. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 261(9), 4337–4345.PubMed
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulsow, J. J., Watson, R. W., Fitzpatrick, J. M., & O'Connell, P. R. (2005). Transforming growth factor-beta promotes pro-fibrotic behavior by serosal fibroblasts via PKC and ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase cell signaling. Annals of Surgery, 242(6), 880–887 discussion 887-889.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Mulsow, J. J., Watson, R. W., Fitzpatrick, J. M., & O'Connell, P. R. (2005). Transforming growth factor-beta promotes pro-fibrotic behavior by serosal fibroblasts via PKC and ERK1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase cell signaling. Annals of Surgery, 242(6), 880–887 discussion 887-889.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Czaja, M. J., Weiner, F. R., Eghbali, M., Giambrone, M. A., Eghbali, M., & Zern, M. A. (1987). Differential effects of gamma-interferon on collagen and fibronectin gene expression. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 262(27), 13348–13351.PubMed Czaja, M. J., Weiner, F. R., Eghbali, M., Giambrone, M. A., Eghbali, M., & Zern, M. A. (1987). Differential effects of gamma-interferon on collagen and fibronectin gene expression. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 262(27), 13348–13351.PubMed
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Hancox, R. A., Allen, M. D., Holliday, D. L., Edwards, D. R., Pennington, C. J., Guttery, D. S., et al. (2009). Tumour-associated tenascin-C isoforms promote breast cancer cell invasion and growth by matrix metalloproteinase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Breast Cancer Research, 11(2), R24. https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr2251.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hancox, R. A., Allen, M. D., Holliday, D. L., Edwards, D. R., Pennington, C. J., Guttery, D. S., et al. (2009). Tumour-associated tenascin-C isoforms promote breast cancer cell invasion and growth by matrix metalloproteinase-dependent and independent mechanisms. Breast Cancer Research, 11(2), R24. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​bcr2251.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Adams, M., Jones, J. L., Walker, R. A., Pringle, J. H., & Bell, S. C. (2002). Changes in tenascin-C isoform expression in invasive and preinvasive breast disease. Cancer Research, 62(11), 3289–3297.PubMed Adams, M., Jones, J. L., Walker, R. A., Pringle, J. H., & Bell, S. C. (2002). Changes in tenascin-C isoform expression in invasive and preinvasive breast disease. Cancer Research, 62(11), 3289–3297.PubMed
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Radisky, E. S., & Radisky, D. C. (2015). Matrix metalloproteinases as breast cancer drivers and therapeutic targets. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark edition), 20, 1144–1163.CrossRef Radisky, E. S., & Radisky, D. C. (2015). Matrix metalloproteinases as breast cancer drivers and therapeutic targets. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark edition), 20, 1144–1163.CrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Stuelten, C. H., DaCosta Byfield, S., Arany, P. R., Karpova, T. S., Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., & Roberts, A. B. (2005). Breast cancer cells induce stromal fibroblasts to express MMP-9 via secretion of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta. Journal of Cell Science, 118(Pt 10), 2143–2153. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.02334.CrossRefPubMed Stuelten, C. H., DaCosta Byfield, S., Arany, P. R., Karpova, T. S., Stetler-Stevenson, W. G., & Roberts, A. B. (2005). Breast cancer cells induce stromal fibroblasts to express MMP-9 via secretion of TNF-alpha and TGF-beta. Journal of Cell Science, 118(Pt 10), 2143–2153. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1242/​jcs.​02334.CrossRefPubMed
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Saad, S., Gottlieb, D. J., Bradstock, K. F., Overall, C. M., & Bendall, L. J. (2002). Cancer cell-associated fibronectin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 from normal fibroblasts. Cancer Research, 62, 283–289.PubMed Saad, S., Gottlieb, D. J., Bradstock, K. F., Overall, C. M., & Bendall, L. J. (2002). Cancer cell-associated fibronectin induces release of matrix metalloproteinase-2 from normal fibroblasts. Cancer Research, 62, 283–289.PubMed
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Lochter, A., Galosy, S., Muschler, J., Freedman, N., Werb, Z., & Bissell, M. J. (1997). Matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 triggers a cascade of molecular alterations that leads to stable epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion and a premalignant phenotype in mammary epithelial cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 139(7), 1861–1872.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lochter, A., Galosy, S., Muschler, J., Freedman, N., Werb, Z., & Bissell, M. J. (1997). Matrix metalloproteinase stromelysin-1 triggers a cascade of molecular alterations that leads to stable epithelial-to-mesenchymal conversion and a premalignant phenotype in mammary epithelial cells. The Journal of Cell Biology, 139(7), 1861–1872.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
129.
131.
138.
Zurück zum Zitat Choi, Y. P., Lee, J. H., Gao, M. Q., Kim, B. G., Kang, S., Kim, S. H., et al. (2014). Cancer-associated fibroblast promote transmigration through endothelial brain cells in three-dimensional in vitro models. International Journal of Cancer, 135(9), 2024–2033. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28848.CrossRefPubMed Choi, Y. P., Lee, J. H., Gao, M. Q., Kim, B. G., Kang, S., Kim, S. H., et al. (2014). Cancer-associated fibroblast promote transmigration through endothelial brain cells in three-dimensional in vitro models. International Journal of Cancer, 135(9), 2024–2033. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​ijc.​28848.CrossRefPubMed
139.
Zurück zum Zitat Gaggioli, C., Hooper, S., Hidalgo-Carcedo, C., Grosse, R., Marshall, J. F., Harrington, K., et al. (2007). Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells. Nature Cell Biology, 9(12), 1392–1400. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncb1658.CrossRefPubMed Gaggioli, C., Hooper, S., Hidalgo-Carcedo, C., Grosse, R., Marshall, J. F., Harrington, K., et al. (2007). Fibroblast-led collective invasion of carcinoma cells with differing roles for RhoGTPases in leading and following cells. Nature Cell Biology, 9(12), 1392–1400. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1038/​ncb1658.CrossRefPubMed
161.
164.
165.
Zurück zum Zitat Acerbi, I., Cassereau, L., Dean, I., Shi, Q., Au, A., Park, C., et al. (2015). Human breast cancer invasion and aggression correlates with ECM stiffening and immune cell infiltration. Integrative Biology: Quantitative Biosciences from Nano to Macro, 7(10), 1120–1134. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5ib00040h.CrossRef Acerbi, I., Cassereau, L., Dean, I., Shi, Q., Au, A., Park, C., et al. (2015). Human breast cancer invasion and aggression correlates with ECM stiffening and immune cell infiltration. Integrative Biology: Quantitative Biosciences from Nano to Macro, 7(10), 1120–1134. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1039/​c5ib00040h.CrossRef
167.
Zurück zum Zitat Huang, J. Y., Cheng, Y. J., Lin, Y. P., Lin, H. C., Su, C. C., Juliano, R., et al. (2010). Extracellular matrix of glioblastoma inhibits polarization and transmigration of T cells: the role of tenascin-C in immune suppression. Journal of Immunology, 185(3), 1450–1459. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0901352.CrossRef Huang, J. Y., Cheng, Y. J., Lin, Y. P., Lin, H. C., Su, C. C., Juliano, R., et al. (2010). Extracellular matrix of glioblastoma inhibits polarization and transmigration of T cells: the role of tenascin-C in immune suppression. Journal of Immunology, 185(3), 1450–1459. https://​doi.​org/​10.​4049/​jimmunol.​0901352.CrossRef
174.
Zurück zum Zitat Shain, K. H., & Dalton, W. S. (2001). Cell adhesion is a key determinant in de novo multidrug resistance (MDR): new targets for the prevention of acquired MDR. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 1(1), 69–78.PubMed Shain, K. H., & Dalton, W. S. (2001). Cell adhesion is a key determinant in de novo multidrug resistance (MDR): new targets for the prevention of acquired MDR. Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, 1(1), 69–78.PubMed
177.
Zurück zum Zitat Gao, M. Q., Kim, B. G., Kang, S., Choi, Y. P., Park, H., Kang, K. S., et al. (2010). Stromal fibroblasts from the interface zone of human breast carcinomas induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like state in breast cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Cell Science, 123(Pt 20), 3507–3514. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.072900.CrossRefPubMed Gao, M. Q., Kim, B. G., Kang, S., Choi, Y. P., Park, H., Kang, K. S., et al. (2010). Stromal fibroblasts from the interface zone of human breast carcinomas induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition-like state in breast cancer cells in vitro. Journal of Cell Science, 123(Pt 20), 3507–3514. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1242/​jcs.​072900.CrossRefPubMed
178.
Zurück zum Zitat Yuan, J., Liu, M., Yang, L., Tu, G., Zhu, Q., Chen, M., et al. (2015). Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell: a new role for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in mediating tamoxifen resistance through cancer-associated fibroblast-derived fibronectin and beta1-integrin signaling pathway in tumor cells. Breast Cancer Research, 17, 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-015-0579-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Yuan, J., Liu, M., Yang, L., Tu, G., Zhu, Q., Chen, M., et al. (2015). Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype in the tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell: a new role for G protein-coupled estrogen receptor in mediating tamoxifen resistance through cancer-associated fibroblast-derived fibronectin and beta1-integrin signaling pathway in tumor cells. Breast Cancer Research, 17, 69. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1186/​s13058-015-0579-y.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
183.
Zurück zum Zitat Landry, B. D., Leete, T., Richards, R., Cruz-Gordillo, P., Schwartz, H. R., Honeywell, M. E., et al. (2018). Tumor-stroma interactions differentially alter drug sensitivity based on the origin of stromal cells. Molecular Systems Biology, 14(8), e8322–10.15252/msb.20188322.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Landry, B. D., Leete, T., Richards, R., Cruz-Gordillo, P., Schwartz, H. R., Honeywell, M. E., et al. (2018). Tumor-stroma interactions differentially alter drug sensitivity based on the origin of stromal cells. Molecular Systems Biology, 14(8), e8322–10.15252/msb.20188322.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
195.
211.
Zurück zum Zitat Hainsworth, J. D., Reeves, J. A., Mace, J. R., Crane, E. J., Hamid, O., Stille, J. R., et al. (2016). A randomized, open-label phase 2 study of the CXCR4 inhibitor LY2510924 in combination with sunitinib versus sunitinib alone in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Targeted Oncology, 11(5), 643–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11523-016-0434-9.CrossRefPubMed Hainsworth, J. D., Reeves, J. A., Mace, J. R., Crane, E. J., Hamid, O., Stille, J. R., et al. (2016). A randomized, open-label phase 2 study of the CXCR4 inhibitor LY2510924 in combination with sunitinib versus sunitinib alone in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Targeted Oncology, 11(5), 643–653. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s11523-016-0434-9.CrossRefPubMed
215.
Zurück zum Zitat Butsch, V., Borgel, F., Galla, F., Schwegmann, K., Hermann, S., Schafers, M., et al. (2018). Design, (radio)synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of highly selective and potent matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) inhibitors as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 61(9), 4115–4134. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00200.CrossRefPubMed Butsch, V., Borgel, F., Galla, F., Schwegmann, K., Hermann, S., Schafers, M., et al. (2018). Design, (radio)synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of highly selective and potent matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) inhibitors as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 61(9), 4115–4134. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1021/​acs.​jmedchem.​8b00200.CrossRefPubMed
216.
Zurück zum Zitat Matusiak, N., Castelli, R., Tuin, A. W., Overkleeft, H. S., Wisastra, R., Dekker, F. J., et al. (2015). A dual inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases, [(1)(8)F]FB-ML5, as a molecular probe for non-invasive MMP/ADAM-targeted imaging. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 23(1), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.013.CrossRef Matusiak, N., Castelli, R., Tuin, A. W., Overkleeft, H. S., Wisastra, R., Dekker, F. J., et al. (2015). A dual inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases, [(1)(8)F]FB-ML5, as a molecular probe for non-invasive MMP/ADAM-targeted imaging. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, 23(1), 192–202. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​bmc.​2014.​11.​013.CrossRef
217.
Zurück zum Zitat Matusiak, N., van Waarde, A., Bischoff, R., Oltenfreiter, R., van de Wiele, C., Dierckx, R. A., et al. (2013). Probes for non-invasive matrix metalloproteinase-targeted imaging with PET and SPECT. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(25), 4647–4672.CrossRefPubMed Matusiak, N., van Waarde, A., Bischoff, R., Oltenfreiter, R., van de Wiele, C., Dierckx, R. A., et al. (2013). Probes for non-invasive matrix metalloproteinase-targeted imaging with PET and SPECT. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 19(25), 4647–4672.CrossRefPubMed
218.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagner, S., Breyholz, H. J., Faust, A., Holtke, C., Levkau, B., Schober, O., et al. (2006). Molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo using small molecule inhibitors for SPECT and PET. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13(23), 2819–2838.CrossRefPubMed Wagner, S., Breyholz, H. J., Faust, A., Holtke, C., Levkau, B., Schober, O., et al. (2006). Molecular imaging of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo using small molecule inhibitors for SPECT and PET. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 13(23), 2819–2838.CrossRefPubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Cancer-associated fibroblasts as key regulators of the breast cancer tumor microenvironment
verfasst von
J. M. Houthuijzen
J. Jonkers
Publikationsdatum
21.11.2018
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews / Ausgabe 4/2018
Print ISSN: 0167-7659
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-7233
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10555-018-9768-3

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2018

Cancer and Metastasis Reviews 4/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Erhöhte Mortalität bei postpartalem Brustkrebs

07.05.2024 Mammakarzinom Nachrichten

Auch für Trägerinnen von BRCA-Varianten gilt: Erkranken sie fünf bis zehn Jahre nach der letzten Schwangerschaft an Brustkrebs, ist das Sterberisiko besonders hoch.

Hypertherme Chemotherapie bietet Chance auf Blasenerhalt

07.05.2024 Harnblasenkarzinom Nachrichten

Eine hypertherme intravesikale Chemotherapie mit Mitomycin kann für Patienten mit hochriskantem nicht muskelinvasivem Blasenkrebs eine Alternative zur radikalen Zystektomie darstellen. Kölner Urologen berichten über ihre Erfahrungen.

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Medizinstudium Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Bessere Prognose mit links- statt rechtsseitigem Kolon-Ca.

06.05.2024 Kolonkarzinom Nachrichten

Menschen mit linksseitigem Kolonkarzinom leben im Mittel zweieinhalb Jahre länger als solche mit rechtsseitigem Tumor. Auch aktuell ist das Sterberisiko bei linksseitigen Tumoren US-Daten zufolge etwa um 11% geringer als bei rechtsseitigen.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.