Introduction
Materials and Methods
Subjects
Patient number | Sex/age/handedness | Diagnosis | Lesion side | Size of lesion (mL) | Follow-up assessment | fMRI study (preop) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
R1 | F/38/right | Meningioma | Right | 3.41 | ||
R2 | M/21/right | Schwannoma | Right | 50.56 | + | |
R6 | M/61/right | Schwannoma | Right | 0.27 | + | |
R7 | F/42/right | Schwannoma | Right | 18.31 | + | + |
R10 | F/51/right | Meningioma | Right | 6.55 | + | + |
R11 | M/64/right | Epidermoid | Right | 2.66 | + | + |
R12 | F/34/right | Meningioma | Right | 3.46 | + | + |
R13 | F/52/right | Meningioma | Right | 5.85 | + | |
R14 | M/63/right | Schwannoma | Right | 7.95 | + | |
R15 | M/76/right | Schwannoma | Right | 5.79 | ||
R16 | F/50/right | Meningioma | Right | 5.79 | + | + |
R17 | M/49/right | Schwannoma | Right | 3.68 | + | + |
R18 | F/40/right | Schwannoma | Right | 11.7 | + | + |
R19 | M/60/right | Schwannoma | Right | 5.22 | + | |
R20 | F/40/right | Meningioma | Right | 0.42 | + | + |
R21 | F/36/right | Meningioma | Right | 7.71 | + | + |
R22 | F/63/right | Meningioma | Right | 13.51 | + | |
L2 | M/49/right | Meningioma | Left | 3.82 | ||
L4 | F/48/right | Schwannoma | Left | 27.34 | + | |
L9 | F/55/right | Schwannoma | Left | 3.18 | ||
L10 | F/47/right | Schwannoma | Left | 4.69 | + | |
L11 | F/69/right | Meningioma | Left | 5.68 | + | |
L12 | F/59/right | Epidermoid | Left | 3.97 | ||
L13 | M/53/right | Lipoma | Left | 0.79 | + | |
L14 | M/38/left | Schwannoma | Left | 25.94 | ||
L15 | F/62/right | Schwannoma | Left | 0.25 | + | |
L16 | M/55/right | Epidermoid | Left | 13.55 | + | |
L17 | F/38/right | Schwannoma | Left | 16.89 | + |
Informed Consent and Approval
Experimental Design
Neuropsychological Assessment
Event-Related fMRI Study
Subjects
Experimental Paradigm
MRI Data Acquisitions
Preprocessing and Estimations
Global Brain Connectivity Analysis
Subjects
Acquisition of Resting-State fMRI Data
Preprocessing and Analysis of Resting-State fMRI Data
Correlation Analysis with Global Brain Connectivity and the Lure Task
Statistical Analysis
Results
Preoperative Neuropsychological Profile of Patients with Benign Cerebellar Tumors
Test | Cerebellar lesion | Controls, n = 23 |
P
| |
---|---|---|---|---|
Right, n = 17 | Left, n = 11 | |||
Age, years | 49.41 (13.99) | 52.09 (9.48) | 53.39 (14.05) | n.s |
Education, years | 13.29 (1.90) | 12.82 (2.04) | 12.91 (2.39) | n.s |
Cerebellar lesion size, mL | 8.99 (11.66) | 9.65 (9.86) | – | n.s. |
3MS | 96.18 (4.37) | 97.59 (2.52) | 97.50 (2.14) | n.s. |
MMSE | 28.53 (2.00) † | 29.73 (0.90) | 29.13 (1.26) | 0.034 |
WAIS-R Digit symbol test #
| 8.65 (3.57)* | 11.64 (3.38) | 12.04 (2.44) | 0.015 |
WAIS-R Digit span test | ||||
Forward span | 5.88 (1.05)* | 6.45 (1.13) | 6.86 (1.39) | 0.025 |
Backward span | 4.12 (0.86)* | 4.64 (1.29) | 5.43 (1.31) | 0.006 |
Total score #
| 10.06 (2.70)* | 11.55 (2.30) | 12.08 (2.82) | 0.048 |
TMT, s | ||||
Part A | 36.94 (11.94) | 34.82 (11.16) | 30.74 (8.59) | n.s |
Part B | 64.82 (22.74) | 64.00 (26.20) | 52.52 (19.61) | n.s |
Part B-A | 27.88 (13.61) | 29.18 (19.41) | 21.78 (14.20) | n.s |
Stroop test, s | ||||
Reading (I) | 24.94 (4.70) | 22.00 (4.38) | 22.78 (4.19) | n.s |
Naming (II) | 33.24 (6.89) | 30.64 (5.28) | 30.35 (6.59) | n.s |
Interference (III) | 58.41 (22.61) | 48.09 (15.27) | 48.04 (13.62) | n.s. |
III-II | 25.18 (18.46) | 17.45 (12.19) | 17.70 (8.19) | n.s. |
Cube-copying test | ||||
Point of connection | 7.00 (1.97) | 7.45 (1.04) | 8.00 | 0.011 |
Plane-drawing errors | 0.41 (1.00) | 0.45 (0.82) | 0 | n.s |
Postoperative Neuropsychological Profile of Patients with Benign Cerebellar Tumors
Test | Preoperative assessment | Postoperative assessment |
P
|
---|---|---|---|
3MS | 96.28 (4.99) | 97.88 (2.59) | n.s. |
MMSE | 29.17 (1.11) | 29.25 (1.76) | n.s. |
WAIS-R Digit symbol test #
| 8.33 (3.20) | 8.92 (3.23) | n.s. |
WAIS-R Digit span test | |||
Forward span | 6.08 (1.16) | 6.25 (1.60) | n.s. |
Backward span | 4.08 (0.90) | 4.58 (1.73) | n.s. |
Total score #
| 9.92 (3.06) | 10.83 (4.59) | n.s. |
TMT, s | |||
Part A | 33.58 (10.74) | 36.50 (17.20) | n.s. |
Part B | 59.50 (23.33) | 59.92 (23.91) | n.s. |
Part B-A | 25.92 (13.85) | 23.42 (11.75) | n.s. |
Stroop test, s | |||
Reading (I) | 24.75 (2.30) | 25.17 (3.79) | n.s. |
Naming (II) | 32.42 (4.64) | 33.83 (7.76) | n.s. |
Interference (III) | 52.58 (18.92) | 49.25 (14.64) | n.s. |
III-II | 20.17 (16.08) | 15.42 (9.24) | n.s. |
Cube-copying test | |||
Point of connection | 7.33 (1.79) | 7.92 (0.29) | n.s. |
Plane-drawing errors | 0.33 (0.89) | 0 | n.s. |
Hippocampal Function
BOLD Responses
Peak | Mean (SD) latency (second) | Mean (SD) amplitude (% BOLD change) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (n = 30) | RC (n = 12) | LC (n = 7) | Normal (n = 30) | RC (n = 12) | LC (n = 7) | |
N1 | 1.7 (1.3) | 2.1 (0.9) | 0.2 (1.1) | −0.039 (0.165) | −0.074 (0.070) | 0.000 (0.000) |
N2 | 8.3 (5.1) | None | None | −0.191 (0.272) | None | None |
P1 | 3.9 (4.2) | 5.3 (1.9) | 3.3 (1.4) | 0.074 (0.292) | 0.190 (0.060) | 0.140 (0.140) |
Correlation Analysis with Brain Activation and Lure Task
Region | Cluster size | Peak of T value | Peak coordinates | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
x
|
y
|
z
| |||
Rt. cerebellar lobule VI/Crus I | 10,064 | 13.18 | −32 | −47 | −33 |
Lt. cerebellar lobule VI/Crus I | 8,572 | 12.96 | 35 | −54 | −22 |
Lt. lateral prefrontal cortex | 12,393 | 12.25 | 57 | 10 | 29 |
Lt. caudate nucleus | 4,885 | 11.45 | 13 | 6 | 11 |
Lt. middle cingulate gyrus | 19,034 | 11.07 | 3 | 11 | 42 |
Rt. lateral prefrontal cortex | 8,725 | 10.74 | −49 | 9 | 25 |
Rt. caudate nucleus | 5,150 | 8.73 | −13 | 11 | 2 |
Rt. hippocampus including DG | 1,859 | 8.51 | −20 | −36 | −6 |
Rt. middle frontal gyrus | 1,927 | 7.32 | −33 | 2 | 55 |