Background
Methods
Patient selection
Study protocol
Primary and secondary outcome
Statistical analysis
Results
SEVO (n = 30) | SEVO+ (n = 30) | p value | PROP (n = 30) | PROP+ (n = 29) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex (female/male) | 14/16 | 16/14 | 1.000 | 19/11 | 16/13 | 1.000 |
Age (years) | 48 ± 16 | 38 ± 15 | 0.112 | 42 ± 14 | 41 ± 13 | 1.000 |
Body weight (kg) | 80 ± 16 | 77 ± 18 | 1.000 | 72 ± 15 | 74 ± 16 | 1.000 |
Height (cm) | 175 ± 12 | 172 ± 17 | 1.000 | 173 ± 10 | 172 ± 15 | 1.000 |
ASA I/II | 14/16 | 17/13 | 1.000 | 18/12 | 17/12 | 1.000 |
Intraoperative parameters | SEVO (n = 30) | SEVO+ (n = 30) | p value | PROP (n = 30) | PROP+ (n = 29) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MAP (mmHg)
| 71 ± 10 | 70 ± 8 | N.S. | 78 ± 9# | 84 ± 11## | N.S. |
Heart rate (bpm)
| 64 ± 15 | 67 ± 11 | N.S. | 73 ± 10* | 70 ± 7 | N.S. |
BIS
| ||||||
Before anesthesia | – | 97 ± 2 | – | 97 ± 2 | N.S. | |
After propofol bolus at induction | – | 87 ± 7 | – | 86 ± 7 | N.S. | |
At intubation | 51 ± 9 | – | 56 ± 3 | N.S. | ||
During intraoperative period | – | 47 ± 5 | – | 49 ± 9 | N.S. | |
TOF
| – | 2 ± 1 | – | 2 ± 1 | N.S. |
Drugs | SEVO (n = 30) | SEVO+ (n = 30) | p value | PROP (n = 30) | PROP+ (n = 29) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Induction of anesthesia | ||||||
Fentanyl (μg) | 98.3 ± 9.1 | 103.3 ± 18.3 | 1.000 | 99.1 ± 4.6 | 99.2 ± 10.3 | 1.000 |
Propofol (mg) | 196.3 ± 46.9 | 166.4 ± 35.2 | < 0.001 | 194.3 ± 18.9 | 147.3 ± 30.2 | < 0.001 |
Propofol (mg kg− 1) | 2.5 ± 0.7 | 2.1 ± 0.6 | 0.009 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 2.1 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
Atracurium (mg) | 38.3 ± 4.2 | 37.3 ± 6.7 | 1.000 | 36.0 ± 5.7 | 37.7 ± 7.0 | 1.000 |
Conduct of anesthesia | ||||||
Fentanyl (μg/hour) | 54.6 ± 26.9 | 59.8 ± 38.9 | 1.000 | 89.8 ± 42.8 | 94.7 ± 37.0 | 0.996 |
Sevoflurane (ml/hour) | 14.4 ± 2.8 | 11.8 ± 12.4 | 0.864 | – | – | |
Propofol (mg/hour) | – | – | 1185.5 ± 320.9 | 1082.1 ± 297.9 | 1.000 | |
Atracurium (mg/hour) | 8.3 ± 3.7 | 7.4 ± 4.7 | 1.000 | 8.5 ± 4.7 | 8.9 ± 6.1 | 1.000 |
Costs | SEVO (n = 30) | SEVO+ (n = 30) | p value | PROP (n = 30) | PROP+ (n = 29) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
and in group PROP(€) | ||||||
Fentanyl | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 1.000 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 1.000 |
Propofol | 1.16 ± 0.16 | 0.94 ± 0.19 | 0.016 | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 0.81 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 |
Atracurium | 2.44 ± 0.27 | 2.37 ± 0.42 | 1.000 | 2.22 ± 0.55 | 2.30 ± 0.36 | 1.000 |
Conduct of anesthesia (€/hour) | ||||||
Fentanyl | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 1.000 | 0.18 ± 0.08 | 0.20 ± 0.07 | 0.996 |
Sevoflurane | 4.62 ± 2.03 | 4.12 ± 1.61 | 0.864 | – | – | |
Propofol | – | – | 3.39 ± 0.91 | 3.08 ± 0.85 | 1.000 | |
Atracurium | 0.58 ± 0.40 | 0.52 ± 0.42 | 0.292 | 0.67 ± 0.55 | 0.56 ± 0.39 | 1.000 |
Other drugs (€/hour) | 1.51 ± 2.14 | 1.22 ± 1.99 | 1.000 | 1.83 ± 1.15 | 1.60 ± 2.01 | 0.572 |
Summary of costs | ||||||
Total drug (€/hour) | 8.84 ± 4.11 | 7.86 ± 3.54 | 0.002 | 8.33 ± 3.02 | 7.52 ± 2.49 | < 0.001 |
Total disposables (€) | 6.49 ± 0.11 | 23.25 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 | 8.09 ± 0.07 | 24.76 ± 0.19 | < 0.001 |
Total cost of anesthesia (€/hour) | 12.15 ± 5.32 | 19.95 ± 8.53 | < 0.001 | 13.23 ± 4.23 | 22.11 ± 8.08 | < 0.001 |
Costs | SEVO (n = 30) | PROP (n = 30) | p value | SEVO+ (n = 30) | PROP+ (n = 29) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Induction of anesthesia (€) | ||||||
Fentanyl | 0.19 ± 0.03 | 0.19 ± 0.02 | 1.000 | 0.20 ± 0.03 | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 1.000 |
Propofol | 1.16 ± 0.16 | 1.14 ± 0.08 | 0.996 | 0.94 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.20 | 0.205 |
Atracurium | 2.44 ± 0.27 | 2.22 ± 0.55 | 0.253 | 2.37 ± 0.42 | 2.30 ± 0.36 | 1.000 |
Conduct of anesthesia (€/hour) | ||||||
Fentanyl | 0.12 ± 0.08 | 0.18 ± 0.08 | < 0.001 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 0.20 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 |
Atracurium | 0.58 ± 0.40 | 0.67 ± 0.55 | 1.000 | 0.52 ± 0.42 | 0.56 ± 0.39 | 1.000 |
Hypnotic agent | 4.62 ± 2.03 | 4.12 ± 1.61 | < 0.001 | 3.39 ± 0.91 | 3.08 ± 0.85 | < 0.001 |
Other drugs (€/hour) | 1.51 ± 2.14 | 1.83 ± 1.15 | 0.958 | 1.22 ± 1.99 | 1.60 ± 2.01 | 1.000 |
Summary of costs | ||||||
Total drug (€/hour) | 8.84 ± 4.11 | 8.33 ± 3.02 | < 0.001 | 7.86 ± 3.54 | 7.52 ± 2.49 | < 0.001 |
Total disposables (€) | 6.49 ± 0.11 | 8.09 ± 0.07 | < 0.001 | 23.25 ± 0.12 | 24.76 ± 0.19 | < 0.001 |
Total cost of anesthesia (€/hour) | 12.15 ± 5.32 | 13.23 ± 4.23 | < 0.001 | 19.95 ± 8.53 | 22.11 ± 8.08 | < 0.001 |
SEVO (n = 30) | SEVO+ (n = 30) | p value | PROP (n = 30) | PROP+ (n = 29) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length of anesthesia (min) | 140.7 ± 55.5 | 137.0 ± 53.0 | 0.998 | 115.8 ± 53.4 | 124.4 ± 54.9 | 0.997 |
Length of surgery (min) | 99.7 ± 51.5 | 103.5 ± 49.0 | 1.000 | 81.2 ± 46.2 | 89.2 ± 51.0 | 1.000 |
Time to extubation (min) | 14.5 ± 3.9 | 11.1 ± 4.7 | 0.002 | 15.2 ± 4.7 | 12.6 ± 5.4 | < 0.001 |
PONV | 1(3.3%) | 2(6.7%) | 0.990 | 1(3.3%) | 1(3.5%) | 1.000 |
Other minor complications | 13(43.3%) | 13(43.3%) | 1.000 | 3(10.0%) | 7(24.1%) | 1.000 |
Time to MAP restoration (min) | 15.2 ± 7.6 | 12.3 ± 6.0 | 0.517 | 17.2 ± 9.5 | 11.1 ± 10.0 | 0.076 |
Length of patient stay in recovery room (min) | 69.5 ± 37.9 | 63.8 ± 16.1 | 0.454 | 64.3 ± 29.7 | 62.8 ± 12.4 | 0.799 |