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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 9/2005

01.09.2005 | Übersichten

Das endogene Cannabinoidsystem

Therapeutische Implikationen der Cannabinoide bei neurologisch-psychiatrischen Erkrankungen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. U. Schneider, J. Seifert, M. Karst, J. Schlimme, K. Cimander, K. R. Müller-Vahl

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 9/2005

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Zusammenfassung

Seit ca. 5000 Jahren werden Medikamente auf Cannabisbasis genutzt. In den vergangenen Jahren ist ein starkes Interesse an der medizinischen Nutzung von Cannabinoiden entstanden. Grundlage dafür sind die Erkenntnisse, dass Cannabinoide über spezifische Rezeptoren (CB1 und CB2) wirken. Die CB1-Rezeptoren werden in spezifischen Hirnarealen (u. a. Zerebellum, Basalganglien und Hippokampus) und die CB2-Rezeptoren auf immunkompetenten Zellen exprimiert. Außerdem wurden körpereigene Liganden der Cannabinoidrezeptoren entdeckt (z. B. Anandamid). Eine Vielzahl physiologischer Prozesse wird u. a. über die Cannabinoidrezeptoren moduliert (Steuerung der Motorik, Gedächtnisfunktionen, Appetit, Schmerzen etc.). Aufgrund dieser neurobiologischen/pharmakologischen Erkenntnisse ergeben sich eine Reihe von möglichen Bereichen für die Anwendung von natürlichen und synthetischen Cannabinoiden. Bereits heutzutage werden Cannabinoide bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen eingesetzt, wobei die Datenlage unterschiedlich ist. Gesicherte Erkenntnisse liegen für die Behandlung von therapierefraktärer Übelkeit und Erbrechen bei Chemotherapie sowie beim HIV-wasting-Syndrom vor. Für die Wirksamkeit bei anderen Störungen wie Multiple Sklerose, bestimmten Formen der Bewegungsstörungen (Gilles-de-la-Tourette-Syndrom), Schmerzen etc. gibt es Hinweise. Die neuen Erkenntnisse über das Cannabinoidsystem und seine endogenen Liganden erklären auch die möglichen unerwünschten Wirkungen von Cannabinoiden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Das endogene Cannabinoidsystem
Therapeutische Implikationen der Cannabinoide bei neurologisch-psychiatrischen Erkrankungen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. U. Schneider
J. Seifert
M. Karst
J. Schlimme
K. Cimander
K. R. Müller-Vahl
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2005
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 9/2005
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-005-1888-7

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