Introduction
Review
Literature search
Data extraction
Results
Authors | N. of pts | Sample | Methods of data acquisition | Diagnostic delay (means) | Misdiagnoses | Treatment before diagnosis of CH | Number/ type of physicians consulted prior to correct diagnosis | Wrong treatment after correct diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Van Alboom et al., 2009 [6] | 85 | Clinic-based series | 90-item questionnaire | 44.4 mths | Migraine (45%), sinusitis (23%), tooth/jaw problems (23%), TTH (16%), TN (16%), ophthalmological problems (10%), neck problems (7%), nose problems (5%) | 31% of pts had invasive therapy prior to CH diagnosis, including dental procedures (21%) and sinus surgery (10%) | ≥3 (in 52% pts) | Propranolol (12%), amitriptyline (9%), carbamazepine (12%) |
Eross et al. 2007 [11] | 1 | General population study (SAMS) | Direct interview | NR | Sinus headache | NR | self-diagnosed | NR |
Jensen et al. 2007 [26] | 85 | Clinic-based series§ | Semistructured telephone interview | 8 yrs (range 0–35) for ECH and 9 yrs (range 0–39) for CCH | NR | Non-medical treatment was received by 58% (49/85) of the cluster patients | NR. 44.7% (38/85) of the CH pts had previously been admitted to hospital due to CH | NR |
Schurks et al. 2006 [17] | 246 | Clinic- and non-clinic- based | Direct interview (telephone or face-to-face) or standardized mailed questionnaire | NR | NR | NR | NR | 25% of patients used non-first-choice medication (such as opioids) |
Bahra and Goadsby 2004 [8] | 230 | Non-clinic-based (76%) and clinic-based (24%) | Direct interview (telephone or face- to-face) | 2.6 yrs (1990s) to 22.3 yrs (1960s) | NR | 52% of pts who had been seen by a dentist or ENT surgeon had an invasive procedure | Mean 3 GPs. 2/3 of the pts seen by another specialist: dentist (45%), ENT (27%), optician (43%), opht (15%), others (7%) | Beta-blocker (43%), pizotifen (32%), TCAs (32%); alternative therapy (including acupuncture in 40%, herbal treatment in 31%, chiropractic treatment in 23%, homeopathy in 18%) |
Van Vliet et al. 2003 [18] | 1163 | Nationwide study clinic- and non-clinic- based population | Questionnaire | 3 yrs (range 1 wk–48 yrs) | Sinusitis (21%), migraine (17%), dental-related pain (11%) | Tooth extraction (16%) and ENT operation (12%) | Dentists (34%), ENT specialists (33%), and alternative therapists (33%) | NR |
Sjastaad & Bakketeig, 2003 [19] | 7 | General population study (Vågå study) on headache epidemiology | Direct interview plus physical and neurological examination | 11 yrs (range <1 – 28) | NR (5 out of 7 pts had never consulted a physician) | NR (5 out of 7 pts had never consulted a physician) | 5 out of 7 pts had never consulted a physician | NR |
Klapper et al. 2000 [13] | 693 | Internet-based survey | Internet questionnaire | 6.6 yrs | 3.9 (average number of incorrect diagnoses before CH) NOS | 5% had surgery (mostly sinus or deviated septum surgery), other pts were prescribed with sinus medications | 4.3 (3.3 gave an incorrect diagnosis) | Propranolol (27.2%) amitriptyline (16.4%), cyproheptadine (2.3%) |
Hoffert 1995 [12] | 1 | Case report | Case report | 5 yrs | Dental pain | Extractions of all the teeth | Dentist | NR |
Bittar and Graff-Radford 1992 [9] | 33 | Clinic-based series | Review of clinical chart | 8 yrs (mean duration of pain) | NR | 42% of pts received inappropriate dental treatment which was often irreversible, almost all pts received different medications (NSAIDs, opiates, AEDs, TCAs) | Consultant seen before: 72% neurologist, 42% dentist, 27% internist, 12% ENT, 9% allergist | NR |
Authors | N. of pts | Sample | Diagnostic delay | Misdiagnoses | Treatment received before diagnosis of PH | Number/type of physicians consulted prior to correct diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alonso and Nixdorf 2006 [20] | 1 | Case report | NR | TMD | Splint therapy and bite adjustments | NR |
Sarlani er al 2003 [16] | 1 | Case report | 2 yrs | TN and sinusitis | Maxillary sinus surgery, carbamazepine and prednisone, paracetamol | NR |
Benoliel and Sharav 1998 [22] | 7 | Case reports | 10 mths (range 1–30) | Pain of dental origin (4), TMD (1), CH (1) * | 2 pts had irreversible treatments (1 extraction, 1 RCT), and 1 pt received antibiotics | Mostly at least one dental practitioner |
Moncada and Graff-Radford 1995 [25] | 1§ | Case report | 12 yrs | TMD | Complete mouth reconstruction then recommendation to have condyloplasty | 3 neurologists, 1 dentist, 1 oral surgeon |
Delcanho and Graff-Radford 1993 [24] | 2 | Case report | Case 1: NR; Case 2: 3 yrs | Case 1: dental pain, migraine; Case 2: TN, TMD | Case 1: RCT, migraine prophylactic medications; Case 2: phenytoin 100 mg t.i.d. | Case 1: numerous physicians including dentist, neurologist, internal medicine specialist; Case 2: 2 dentists, 1 GP, 1 ENT specialist |
Authors | N. of pts | Sample | Diagnostic delay | Misdiagnoses | Treatment received before diagnosis of SUNCT | Number/type of physicians consulted prior to correct diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alore et al. 2006 [7] | 1 | Case report | 9 yrs | TN, CH, atypical migraine | carbamazepine, phenytoin, propranolol, indomethacin and lithium | NR |
Benoliel and Sharav 1998 [27] | 1 | Case report | 2 yrs | TN | carbamazepine, baclofen, and amitriptyline | Neurologist and other physicians (NOS) |
Author | N. of pts | Sample | Diagnostic delay | Misdiagnoses | Treatment received before diagnosis of HC | Number/type of physicians consulted prior to correct diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortijo et al. 2012 [10] | 22 | Case series selected from a clinical population over a 3-year period | 86.1 ± 106.5 mths (range 3–360) | None | NR | NR |
Prakash et al. 2010 [14] | 4 | Case reports | 22 yrs, 3 yrs, 2 yrs, 15 mths | Atypical facial pain, atypical odontalgia, sinusitis, caries, pulpitis, psychiatric disorder, chronic migraine | All the patients had dental extractions (6 in one pt), some had sinus surgery, root canal treatment | Several dentists, general physicians, neurologist and ENT specialist (NOS) |
Rossi et al. 2009 [15] | 25 | Case series selected from a clinical population over a 3-year period | 5 yrs | Migraine (52%), CH (28%), sinus headache (20%), dental pain (20%), atypical facial pain (16%), stress headache (16%), CEH (8%) | NSAIDs (92%), triptans (32%), antidepressants (32%), and antiepileptics (24%). 36% received invasive treatments. 36% had recourse to complementary and alternative medicine | 4.6 (GP 100%, neurologist 80%, ENT specialist 44%, ophthalmologist 40%, dentist 32%, headache specialist 28%) |
Taub et al. 2008 [23] | 2 | Case reports | 1.5 yrs; 8 mths | TMD, dental pain, CH, migraine, CPH | Topiramate, nortriptyline, melatonin, verapamil, gabapentin | 3 dental practitioners; 1 ENT specialist |
Eross et al. 2007 [11] | 1 | Case report | NR | Sinus headache | NR | NR |
Alonso and Nixdorf 2006 [20] | 1 | Case report | 6 mths | Dental pain, CEH | Dental extraction, cervical adjustment, multiple chronic pain medications | 4 (dentist, chiropractor, general physician, neurologist) |
Benoliel et al. 2002 [21] | 1 | Case report | 2 yrs | Dental pain, migraine, CEH | Dental treatment (NOS), intensive physiotherapy, paracetamol, propranolol, diazepam, ergotamine combination, diclofenac sodium | 3 (neurologist, dentist, ENT specialist) |