Introduction
Materials and methods
Patient enrollment and adherence to ethical standards
Diagnosis of diCCF
Endovascular treatment
Follow-up and outcome
Results
Patients
Patient # | Etiology | Shunt volume |
---|---|---|
1 | During stenting | High |
2 | During stenting | Intermediate |
3 | During stenting | Low |
4 | Trauma | Intermediate |
5 | During stenting | Low |
6 | Spontaneous | Intermediate |
7 | Trauma | Intermediate |
8 | During stenting | Low |
9 | Spontaneous | High |
10 | Trauma | Low |
11 | Trauma | High |
12 | During stenting | Low |
13 | Aneurysm rupture | Intermediate |
14 | During stenting | Low |
Patient Number of treatments |
Etiology of diCCF
Initial treatment | Follow-up results | Retreatment Clinical outcome |
---|---|---|---|
#1 male, 74 years 1 procedure |
Stent PTA
2 × SG (Graftmaster Coronary Stent Graft [Abbott Vascular, USA] 1 × 4/12, 1 × 4/16) 4 × FD (PED: 3 × 3.75/20, 1 × 4/20) | 6 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 207 d: complete diCCF occlusion 456 d: complete diCCF occlusion | None; 456 d: ICA occlusion due to interruption of medication intake mRS 0 |
#2 female, 76 years 2 procedures |
Stent PTA
2 × FD (1 × PED 3/2, 1 × p64 3.5/15) | 4 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 14 d: further diCCF occlusion 161 d: complete diCCF occlusion 1210 d: complete diCCF occlusion | One; 70 d: residual AV shunt, transvenous coil occlusion (12 coils) mRS 0 |
#3 male, 72 years 1 procedure |
Stent PTA
1 FD (1 × p64 3.5/18) | 134 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS 246 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS 328 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS 545 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS | One; 136 d: re-stent PTA mRS 3 after ICA TEA, unrelated to the diCCF |
#4 female, 17 years 2 procedures |
Severe head trauma
24 fibered coils, transarterial 6 × FD (5 × p64 4.5/18, 4/21, 4/18, 4/18, 4.5/15, 1 × PED 3.5/14) | 5 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 9 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 65 d: complete diCCF occlusion 252 d: complete diCCF occlusion | One; 5 d: 4 × FD (2 × PED 3/20, 2 × p64 3/15) mRS 0 |
#5 male, 60 years 1 procedure |
Stent PTA
2 × FD (2 × p64 4/18) | 44 d: complete diCCF occlusion 381 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS 457 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS 503 d: complete diCCF occlusion, ISS | One; 381 d: re-PTA mRS 0 |
#6 female, 50 years 2 procedures |
Severe head trauma
3 × FD (1 × p64: 2 × 4,5/24, 1 × p64 4/24) | 7 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 18 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 190 d: complete diCCF occlusion 545 d: complete diCCF occlusion | One; 20 d: 3 × FD (1 × PED 3,25/16, 2 × p64 3,5/18) mRS 0 |
#7 female, 66 years 2 procedures |
Severe head trauma
2 × FD (2 × PED 5/20) 65 coils, transvenous | 39 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 63 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 125 d: complete diCCF occlusion 957 d: complete diCCF occlusion | One; 63 d: 1 × FD (1 × p64 4/18 mm); 9 coils, transvenous mRS 1 |
#8 female, 44 years 1 procedure |
Stent PTA
1 × SG (Graftmaster 1 × 3.5/12) 2 × FD (PED 1 × 4/20, 1 × 3.5/18) | 7 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 96 d: complete diCCF occlusion 924 d: complete diCCF occlusion | None mRS 2, due do previous cerebral ischemia from bilateral chronic ICA occlusion |
#9 female, 74 years 3 procedures |
Spontaneous
65 fibered coils, transvenous | 2 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 26 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 76 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 521 d: complete diCCF occlusion | Two: 2 d: 2nd session: 8 FD (8 × PED: 2 × 5/25, 3 × 4.75/20, 1 × 4.5/35, 2 × 5/30); 26 d: 3rd session: 20 fibered coils, transvenous mRS 0 |
#10 female, 64 years 1 procedure |
Severe head trauma
3 fibered coils, transarterial 1 × FD (p64 1 × 4.5/21) | 77 d: complete diCCF occlusion 658 d: complete diCCF occlusion | None mRS 0 |
#11 female, 54 years 1 procedure |
Severe head trauma
85 coils, transarterial 6 × FD (p64: 1 × 4/21, 1 × 3,5/18, 1 × 3,5/15, 1 × 4/15, 2 × 3.5/21) | 2 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 12 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 18 d: ICA occlusion | None; 18 d: ICA occlusion due to interruption of medication intake mRS 1, due to the head trauma |
#12 female, 58 years 1 procedure |
Stent PTA
1 × FD (PED 1 × 4/20) | 73 d: complete diCCF occlusion 737 d: complete diCCF occlusion | None mRS 0 |
#13 female, 86 years 1 procedure |
Ruptured cavernous ICA aneurysm
8 × FD (6 × p64: 2 × 4.5/21, 1 × 4.5/18, 1 × 4.5/15, 1 × 4/18; 2 × PED: 1 × 4.5/25, 1 × 4/20) 35 coils, transvenous | 142 d: complete diCCF occlusion | None mRS 1 |
#14 female, 46 years 2 procedures |
Stent PTA
3 × FD (3 × p64 2 × 3.5/18, 1 × 4/18) | 3 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 8 d: incomplete diCCF occlusion 382 d: complete diCCF occlusion | One; 6 d: 2 × FD (2 × p64 1 × 3.5/18, 1 × 4/18) mRS 0 |