Introduction
Methods
Research subjects
General conditions
Polysomnography monitoring
Continuous glucose-monitoring system
Time in range (TIR1 and TIR2)
Time below range (TBR1 and TBR2)
Time above range (TAR1 and TAR2)
Mean blood glucose (MBG1) and standard deviation (SD1)
Mean ambulatory glucose excursions (MAGE1)
Absolute mean of daily differences (MODD)
Mean blood glucose level (MBG2) and its standard deviation (SD2)
Mean ambulatory glucose excursions at night (MAGE2)
Laboratory biochemical examination
CPAP therapy
Statistical analysis
Results
CPAP therapy results
Comparison of laboratory indexes between intervention group and control group before and after treatment
Index | Control group (n = 30) | Mild-moderate group (n = 17) | Severe group (n = 13) | F(X2) | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | |||
Age (years) | 54.8 ± 9.0 | - | - | 52.8 ± 10.3 | - | - | 51.1 ± 14.1 | - | - | - | - |
Sex (male%) | 19(63%) | - | - | 6(35%) | - | - | 10(77%) | - | - | - | - |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 4.5 | 30.2 ± 4.4 | 0.06 | 30.2 ± 3.3 | 30.2 ± 3.34 | 0.57 | 30.3 ± 4.2 | 30.2 ± 4.3 | 0.23 | 1.78 | 0.18 |
WHR | 0.99 ± 0.07 | 0.97 ± 0.32 | 0.34 | 0.99 ± 0.06 | 1.00 ± 0.21 | 0.35 | 0.98 ± 0.09 | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.46 | 0.31 | 0.78 |
Duration (years) | 6.7 ± 6.8 | - | 8.6 ± 6.5 | - | 4.0 ± 5.1 | - | - | - | |||
AHI | 34.5 ± 20.4 | - | 16.0 ± 7.3 | 3.5 ± 2.2 | < 0.05 | 44.4 ± 14.2 | 4.5 ± 2.6 | < 0.05 | 1.25 | 0.27 | |
SBP (mmHg) | 136.6 ± 7.6 | 130.3 ± 8.2 | 0.31 | 129.2 ± 3.9 | 130.3 ± 4.1 | 0.23 | 129.7 ± 3.5 | 127.3 ± 7.3 | 0.56 | 1.02 | 0.42 |
DBP (mmHg) | 82.7 ± 13.9 | 83.0 ± 20.3 | 0.67 | 89.7 ± 7.4 | 86.4 ± 11.0 | 0.24 | 87.3 ± 6.5 | 80.4 ± 8.6 | 0.43 | 2.09 | 0.29 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 9.14 ± 2.87 | 9.26 ± 2.54 | 0.55 | 9.25 ± 3.07 | 5.90 ± 0.86 | < 0.05 | 9.55 ± 3.26 | 5.85 ± 0.58 | < 0.05 | 23.98 | < 0.05 |
PBG (mmol/L) | 13.20 ± 3.83 | 12.22 ± 2.32 | 0.18 | 13.81 ± 3.68 | 8.21 ± 1.26 | < 0.05 | 13.28 ± 4.29 | 7.72 ± 1.03 | < 0.05 | 39.29 | < 0.05 |
HbA1c (%) | 8.65 ± 1.66 | 8.28 ± 1.39 | 0.09 | 8.81 ± 2.55 | 6.89 ± 0.89 | < 0.05 | 9.00 ± 1.92 | 7.02 ± 1.01 | < 0.05 | 9.41 | < 0.05 |
TC (mmol/L) | 4.77 ± 1.32 | 4.83 ± 0.99 | 0.79 | 5.24 ± 0.85 | 4.69 ± 0.97 | 0.10 | 4.78 ± 0.85 | 4.71 ± 1.22 | 0.86 | 0.11 | 0.89 |
TG (mmol/L) | 2.39 ± 1.68 | 2.34 ± 1.16 | 0.91 | 2.78 ± 1.64 | 2.04 ± 1.30 | 0.21 | 2.34 ± 1.53 | 2.04 ± 1.59 | 0.67 | 0.40 | 0.67 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.51 ± 1.39 | 2.58 ± 0.64 | 0.81 | 3.24 ± 1.16 | 2.72 ± 0.68 | 0.15 | 2.93 ± 0.72 | 2.54 ± 0.79 | 0.14 | 0.32 | 0.73 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.08 ± 0.45 | 0.99 ± 0.21 | 0.32 | 1.10 ± 0.65 | 1.13 ± 0.26 | 0.90 | 0.96 ± 0.18 | 1.07 ± 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.98 | 0.38 |
UA (umol/L) | 399.9 ± 87.3 | 350.6 ± 81.3 | 0.06 | 361.0 ± 131.5 | 315.6 ± 81.6 | 0.34 | 334.4 ± 84.0 | 320.2 ± 85.1 | 0.65 | 1.29 | 0.28 |
sCr (mmol/L) | 80.6 ± 30.5 | 69.4 ± 17.2 | 0.10 | 66.2 ± 16.2 | 68.9 ± 16.3 | 0.62 | 69.9 ± 18.0 | 72.7 ± 24.5 | 0.77 | 0.39 | 0.68 |
UACR | 31.4 ± 32.1 | 8.9 ± 5.7 | < 0.05 | 32.3 ± 67.9 | 9.9 ± 5.8 | 0.24 | 34.0 ± 69.0 | 24.7 ± 55.4 | 0.06 | 0.56 | 0.58 |
HOMA-IR | 4.28 ± 3.70 | 3.28 ± 2.53 | 0.22 | 3.89 ± 2.07 | 2.21 ± 1.27 | < 0.05 | 2.98 ± 1.78 | 2.82 ± 1.94 | 0.78 | 1.37 | 0.26 |
Comparison of blood glucose fluctuation indexes between intervention group and control group before and after treatment
Index | Control group (n = 30) | Mild-moderate group (n = 17) | Severe group (n = 13) | F(X2) | p | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Before | After | p | Before | After | p | Before | After | p | |||
MBG1 (mmol/L) | 8.50 ± 2.13 | 7.90 ± 1.23 | 0.12 | 8.02 ± 1.58 | 6.66 ± 0.93 | < 0.05 | 8.06 ± 2.27 | 6.17 ± 1.41 | < 0.05 | 11.68 | < 0.05 |
SD1 (mmol/L) | 2.22 ± 1.02 | 2.29 ± 1.04 | 0.44 | 1.75 ± 0.88 | 1.08 ± 0.31 | < 0.05 | 1.82 ± 0.86 | 0.78 ± 0.43 | < 0.05 | 22.25 | < 0.05 |
MAGE1 (mmol/L) | 4.71 ± 2.09 | 4.29 ± 1.03 | 0.28 | 3.75 ± 1.36 | 2.44 ± 0.80 | < 0.05 | 3.82 ± 1.43 | 2.08 ± 1.40 | < 0.05 | 25.74 | < 0.05 |
MODD (mmol/L) | 2.16 ± 0.97 | 2.09 ± 0.85 | 0.58 | 1.60 ± 0.94 | 1.14 ± 0.40 | < 0.05 | 1.97 ± 1.22 | 0.95 ± 0.59 | < 0.05 | 15.92 | < 0.05 |
MBG2 (mmol/L) | 6.69 ± 1.91 | 6.08 ± 1.19 | 0.12 | 6.65 ± 1.15 | 5.94 ± 0.96 | < 0.05 | 6.72 ± 2.31 | 5.87 ± 1.41 | 0.12 | 0.01 | 0.99 |
SD2 (mmol/L) | 0.78 ± 0.50 | 0.76 ± 0.43 | 0.78 | 0.55 ± 0.36 | 0.35 ± 0.16 | < 0.05 | 0.89 ± 0.66 | 0.48 ± 0.40 | < 0.05 | 1.49 | 0.24 |
MAGE2 (mmol/L) | 1.90 ± 1.30 | 1.65 ± 1.34 | 0.17 | 1.52 ± 1.29 | 0.91 ± 0.73 | < 0.05 | 2.19 ± 1.51 | 1.22 ± 1.43 | < 0.05 | 2.09 | 0.13 |
TIR1 (%) | 46.64 ± 28.72 | 56.35 ± 29.04 | 0.10 | 59.47 ± 25.62 | 98.46 ± 3.02 | < 0.05 | 55.22 ± 30.92 | 94.96 ± 12.16 | < 0.05 | 27.55 | < 0.05 |
TAR1 (%) | 50.92 ± 30.06 | 41.92 ± 30.06 | 0.09 | 40.47 ± 25.70 | 0.42 ± 1.29 | < 0.05 | 42.56 ± 31.22 | 3.17 ± 11.13 | < 0.05 | 30.08 | < 0.05 |
TBR1 (%) | 2.43 ± 6.29 | 1.73 ± 5.97 | 0.68 | 0.06 ± 0.24 | 1.12 ± 2.91 | 0.16 | 2.22 ± 5.35 | 1.87 ± 5.77 | 0.89 | 0.18 | 0.83 |
TIR2 (%) | 88.48 ± 23.90 | 93.72 ± 21.63 | 0.31 | 99.95 ± 0.19 | 99.86 ± 0.59 | 0.33 | 90.19 ± 32.46 | 94.42 ± 14.19 | 0.31 | 2.00 | 0.15 |
TAR2 (%) | 3.00 ± 13.32 | 2.86 ± 12.05 | 0.65 | 0.05 ± 0.61 | 0 | 0.33 | 1.54 ± 5.54 | 1.08 ± 3.88 | 0.34 | 0.62 | 0.54 |
TBR2 (%) | 8.52 ± 21.14 | 3.42 ± 11.92 | 0.28 | 0 | 0.14 ± 0.59 | 0.23 | 8.27 ± 20.55 | 4.62 ± 14.11 | 0.63 | 0.82 | 0.45 |