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2013 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

21. Enzelphalopathien bei Infektionserkrankungen

verfasst von : M. Friese, C. Gerloff, T. Weber

Erschienen in: Bewusstseinsstörungen und Enzephalopathien

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Unterschieden werden die durch Erregertoxine vermittelten Syndrome, bei denen nicht die Erreger selbst in das ZNS eindringen (z.B. Legionellose, EHEC), von den neuro-invasiven infektiösen Prozessen, bei denen Keime oder Prionen im ZNS präsent sind und replizieren. Dabei können die entzündlichen Gewebereaktionen sehr gering ausfallen, z.B. bei Immun-schwäche und progressiver multifokaler Leukenzephalopathie durch das JC-Virus. So ist die Grenze zu den Enzephalitiden fließend, da Abräumreaktionen dominieren und Mikroglia-aktivierungen in ähnlicher Weise auch bei metabolischen Enzephalopathien (septisch, hepatisch, urämisch) zu finden sind. Die Creutzfeldt-Jakob-Erkrankung (CJD) weist trotz Ausbreitung pathologisch veränderter, sich virusartig verhaltender Proteine (Prione) keine entzündlichen Reaktionen auf. Fragen der Infektiosität, der Diagnostik und Therapiemöglich-keiten werden im Hinblick auf die Laborbefunde, Neurophysiologie und Bildgebung bespro-chen. Typische Komponenten des zerebralen Allgemeinsyndroms dieser Enzephalopathien sind Krampfanfälle und Myoklonien, die aber weder früh noch obligat auftreten müssen und einige bildgebende und neurophysiologische Befunde sind pathognomonisch (EEG).
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Metadaten
Titel
Enzelphalopathien bei Infektionserkrankungen Infektionserkrankungen
verfasst von
M. Friese
C. Gerloff
T. Weber
Copyright-Jahr
2013
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36915-5_21

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