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Erschienen in: Reproduktionsmedizin 4/2003

01.08.2003 | Andrologie

Funktion des weiblichen Spermienreservoirs beim Säugetier

Selektion und Erhalt der fertilen Spermienpopulation

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. E. Töpfer-Petersen, A. Petrunkina, M. Ehklasi-Hundrieser, D. Waberski

Erschienen in: Reproduktionsmedizin | Ausgabe 4/2003

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Zusammenfassung

Das weibliche Spermienreservoir ist eine erfolgreiche Reproduktionsstrategie im Tierreich. Die Notwendigkeit zur Bereitstellung befruchtungskompetenter Spermatozoen, wenn auch eine reife Eizelle zur Verfügung steht, hat im Verlauf der Evolution bei Vertebraten zu der Entwicklung einer Vielfalt unterschiedlicher Speicherorgane im weiblichen Genital geführt. In diesen können Spermatozoen teilweise über sehr lange Zeiträume gelagert werden und ermöglichen damit beispielsweise mehrere Brutfolgen mit einer Paarung. Obwohl beim Säugetier die Verweildauer der Spermatozoen im weiblichen Genital, von wenigen Ausnahmen abgesehen, auf Stunden oder wenige Tage reduziert ist, hat sich das Prinzip des weiblichen Spermienreservoirs erhalten. Beim plazentaren Säuger sind keine spezialisierten Organe mehr ausgeprägt, sondern die Spermatozoen werden durch Adhäsion an das Epithelium des kaudalen Isthmus des Eileiters zurückgehalten und unter Vitalitätserhalt gelagert. Der Eileiter hat nicht nur Speicherfunktion übernommen, sondern ist auch in der Lage, Spermatozoen nach ihrer Qualität und ihrem funktionellen Status zu selektieren und den Kapazitationsvorgang der Spermatozoen mit der Ovulation der Eizelle/n zu synchronisieren. Das weibliche Spermienreservoir beim Säuger wird daher auch als funktionelles Spermienreservoir bezeichnet. Es dient offensichtlich der Bereitstellung der fertilen Spermienpopulation und der Abstimmung des Spermientransportes und der Spermienaktivierung (Kapazitation) mit der Ovulation, um sicherzustellen, dass zum richtigen Zeitpunkt am richtigen Ort funktionsfähige Gameten aufeinandertreffen. Die Entwicklung von In-vitro-Spermien-Ovidukt-Bindungstests mittels oviduktaler Explante oder Epithelzellkulturen erlaubt es, nicht nur die zugrunde liegenden Selektionsmechanismen zu untersuchen, sondern die potenziell fertile Spermienpopulation zu gewinnen und in die diagnostische Fertilitätsprognose einzubeziehen. Da Spermien-Ovidukt-Bindung und die Selektionsmechanismen offensichtlich nicht streng speziesspezifisch geregelt sind, können derartige diagnostische Verfahren beispielsweise auch für den Menschen unter Einsatz leicht zugänglichen heterologen Eileitermaterials entwickelt werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Funktion des weiblichen Spermienreservoirs beim Säugetier
Selektion und Erhalt der fertilen Spermienpopulation
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. E. Töpfer-Petersen
A. Petrunkina
M. Ehklasi-Hundrieser
D. Waberski
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2003
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Reproduktionsmedizin / Ausgabe 4/2003
Print ISSN: 1434-6931
Elektronische ISSN: 1434-808X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00444-003-0415-1

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