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Erschienen in: Der Pneumologe 4/2016

27.06.2016 | Husten | Pädiatrische Pneumologie

Ganzheitliche Therapieoptionen bei akuten Atemwegsinfekten

verfasst von: M. Croessmann, Prof. Dr. M. A. Rose

Erschienen in: Zeitschrift für Pneumologie | Ausgabe 4/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

„Erkältungen“ sind ein Hauptgrund für ärztliche Inanspruchnahme. Sie sind meist durch Viren verursacht, werden symptomatisch behandelt und Antibiotika sind zu vermeiden.

Ziel der Arbeit

Übersicht zu konventionellen und alternativmedizinischen Therapien akuter Atemwegsinfektionen.

Material und Methoden

Systematische Suche von Medline, eMbase und der Cochrane-Datenbank von Januar 1985 bis Dezember 2015 mit den Schlüsselwörtern „Erkältung“, „akute Atemwegsinfektion“ und „Therapie“.

Ergebnisse

Bei Kindern gibt es für häufig als Erkältungsmittel angewandte Substanzen wie Hustensäfte oder Echinaceapräparate keine konsistente Datenlage. Potenziell nützlich sind ätherische Einreibungen (Vapor rub, cave: Reizungen), Zink, Pelargonium sidoides und Honig. Bei Erwachsenen besteht für Antihistaminika, intranasale Steroide, Codein, nasale Salzwasserspülungen und Dampfbäder keine konsistente positive Empfehlungssituation. Topische Dekongestiva, intranasales Ipratropium und Zink konnten leicht die Symptomschwere und -dauer vermindern. Nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika und einige Phytotherapeutika milderten geringfügig die Symptome. Konsequente Hygiene vermindert die Übertragung der ursächlichen Viren.

Diskussion

Bei Kindern haben Selbstmedikationspräparate gegen Husten und Erkältung keine belegten Wirkungen, aber Potenzial für erhebliche Nebenwirkungen und sollten daher v. a. bei Jüngeren vermieden werden. Nützen können Paracetamol und nichtsteroidale Antiphlogistika sowie evtl. Antihistiminika-Dekongestiva-Kombinationen und intranasales Ipratropium. Ibuprofen scheint bei Kindern stärker antipyretisch zu wirken als Paracetamol. Zu den ganzheitlichen Ansätzen gibt es moderate Nutzenevidenz für Nahrungsergänzung mit Zink und Probiotika bei Erwachsenen sowie bei Kindern ebenfalls für Probiotika und jenseits des Säuglingsalters Honig zur Nacht. Hausmittel, wie z. B. Knoblauch oder Gurgeln, verdienen gut geplante, prospektive Studien.
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Metadaten
Titel
Ganzheitliche Therapieoptionen bei akuten Atemwegsinfekten
verfasst von
M. Croessmann
Prof. Dr. M. A. Rose
Publikationsdatum
27.06.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Zeitschrift für Pneumologie / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7404
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7412
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10405-016-0052-3

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