Background
Methods
Study subjects
Tissue preparation
RBM and ASM measurements
Inflammatory cells and mucus
Statistical analysis
Results
Sex | Age at death (y) | Age at onset of symptoms (y) | Lifetime duration of symptoms (y) | Age at diagnose (y) | Delay of any anti-inflammatory asthma medication (y) | Length of treatment (y) | ICS | Other regular asthma therapy | Atopy |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | 1,9 | 1,1 | 0,8 | NA | 0,8 | 0,0 | – | – | NA |
M | 18,9 | 0,5 | 18,4 | 3 | 6,5 | 11,9 | – | T, C | 1 |
M | 0,9 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
M | 1,9 | 1,1 | 0,8 | 1,5 | 0,4* | 0,4* | – | – | 1 |
F | 2,6 | 0,7 | 1,9 | 0,8 | 0,1 | 1,8 | 1 | T, C | 1 |
M | 18,1 | 1,0 | 17,1 | 1,3 | 12,0 | 5,1 | – | T | 1 |
M | 19,5 | 1,0 | 18,5 | 3 | 3,0 | 15,5 | 1 | T, C | 1 |
F | 6,0 | 2,2 | 3,8 | NA | 3,8 | 0,0 | – | – | 1 |
M | 2,4 | 0,7 | 1,7 | 0,9 | 0,2 | 1,5 | 1 | T | 1 |
F | 1,8 | 1,5 | 0,3 | 1,7 | 0,2 | 0,1 | – | T | 1 |
M | 18,7 | 15,0 | 3,7 | 17,8 | 2,8 | 0,9 | 1 | LABA | 1 |
M | 3,6 | 0,8 | 2,8 | 0,9 | 0,1 | 2,7 | 1 | C | 1 |
Median | 3,1 | 1,0 | 2,8 | 1,5 | 0,8 | 1,7 |
Fatal asthma cases | Healthy controls |
p* | |
---|---|---|---|
RBM, um [median, (IQR)]a
| 5,7 (2,8) | 2,3 (1,3) |
0.001
|
RBM, um [median, (IQR)]b
| 5,3 (1,8) | 3,4 (0,8) |
0.002
|
ASM large AW, %, [median, (IQR)] | 15,1 (15,6) | 15 (3,5) | 0.933 |
ASM small AW, % [median, (IQR)] | 14,0 (7) | 14,0 (8) | 0.553 |
T cells [median, (IQR)] | 197 (159) | 213/126) | 0.866 |
B cells [median, (IQR)] | 43 (95) | 19,3 (18) |
0.028
|
Macrophages [median, (IQR)] | 216 (110) | 93 (22) |
0.001
|
Mast cells [median, (IQR)] | 73 (23) | 75 (220) | 0.8 |
CD15 + cells [median, (IQR)] | 53 (187) | 65 (130) | 0.671 |
Eosinophils [median, (IQR)] | 120 (220) | 0 (4) |
<0.001
|
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells, [median, (IQR)] | 20 (30) | 4 (10) |
0.012
|
Mucus bronchi [median, (IQR)] | 2 (1) | 1 (1) |
<0.001
|
Mucus bronchioles [median, (IQR)] | 1 (0) | 0 (0) |
<0.001
|
Outer luminal diameter, large AW, mm [median, (IQR)] | 2,0 (1,1) | 1,5 (0,8) | 0.069 |
Inner luminal diameter, large AW, mm [median, (IQR)] | 1,0 (0,4) | 0,9 (0,4) | 0.353 |
Wall thickness, large AW, mm [median, (IQR)] | 0,9 (0,9) | 0,7 (0,4) | 0.103 |
Luminal diameter, small AW, mm [median, (IQR)] | 0,3 (0,1) | 0,2 (0,1) | 0.472 |
RBM, umb
| RBM, umc
| ASM% large AW | ASM% small AW | T-cella
| B- cell | MF | Mast | Eos | CD15 | PDC | Mucus large AW (0–3) | Mucus small AW (0–3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases | ||||||||||||
2,8 | 4,4 | 13 | 11 | 121 | 118 | 431 | 129 | 27 | 23 | 0 | 2,5 | 1 |
5,6 | 5,6 | 29 | 17 | 309 | 30 | 345 | 353 | 65 | 140 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
2,3 | 3,4 | 7 | 9 | 1097 | 560 | 875 | 154 | 1240 | 659 | 100 | 3 | 1 |
4,0 | 3,9 | 9 | 17 | 297 | 64 | 342 | 149 | 77 | 80 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
6,9 | 6,3 | 15 | 20 | 191 | 49 | 455 | 92 | 240 | 140 | 20 | 3 | 2 |
5,8 | 6,2 | 20 | 14 | 393 | 87 | 300 | 113 | 653 | 73 | 80 | 2 | 1 |
6,4 | 5,7 | 28 | 14 | 521 | 19 | 239 | 106 | 360 | 87 | 20 | 3 | 0 |
3,4 | 4,6 | 12 | 8 | 508 | 225 | 500 | 149 | 20 | 813 | 24 | 2 | 1 |
6,4 | 4,7 | 14 | 18 | 421 | 443 | 1133 | 153 | 320 | 107 | 20 | 3 | 1 |
4,8 | 5 | 10 | NA | 166 | 51 | 320 | 151 | 700 | 140 | 14 | 3 | 1 |
6,6 | 6,4 | 17 | 13 | 150 | 35 | 161 | 79 | 1 | 9 | 20 | 3 | 2,5 |
6,2 | 5,6 | 35 | 19 | 427 | 194 | 520 | 146 | 467 | 447 | 40 | 2 | 1 |
Controls | ||||||||||||
2,3 | 3,8 | 6 | 6 | NA | 22 | 158 | 140 | 0 | 640 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
3,1 | 4,9 | 16 | 14 | 454 | 29 | 184 | 248 | 0 | 147 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
1,7 | 3,3 | 16 | 22 | 257 | 25 | 219 | 169 | 0 | 73 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
3,2 | 3,6 | 18 | 17 | 487 | 51 | 204 | 95 | 6 | 47 | 4 | 1 | 0 |
1,7 | 2,6 | 14 | 9 | 400 | 81 | 167 | 131 | 12 | 320 | 8 | 1 | 0 |
2,8 | 3,4 | 14 | 11 | 450 | 48 | 188 | 187 | 0 | 347 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
1,8 | 2,4 | 11 | 14 | 68 | 12 | 157 | 65 | 0 | 113 | 12 | 1 | 0 |
2,4 | 3,3 | NA | NA | 325 | NA | 144 | NA | 0 | 120 | 4 | 0 | 0 |