Skip to main content

2023 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

14. Infektionen

verfasst von : Michael Zemlin

Erschienen in: Obladens Neugeborenenintensivmedizin

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Infektionen sind beim Neugeborenen – und noch mehr beim Frühgeborenen – häufig, da die mukosalen Barrieren und das Immunsystem nicht ausgereift sind. Infektionen tragen nach wie vor erheblich zur Mortalität und Langzeitmorbidität bei. Aufgrund des unterschiedlichen Erregerspektrums und zur Steuerung der kalkulierten antimikrobiellen Therapie werden in eine frühe Sepsis ("early onset sepsis", Symptombeginn <72 Lebensstunden) und eine späte Sepsis ("late onset sepsis", >72 h) unterschieden. Allerdings sind Infektionsweg und -zeitpunkt meist unbekannt, sodass diese Abgrenzung aus pathophysiologischer Sicht unscharf ist. Die häufigsten und schwerwiegendsten vertikal übertragenen Infektionen werden knapp geschildert. Die Entstehung nosokomialer Infektionen und das zu ihrer Verringerung entwickelte Krankenhaus-Infektions-Surveillance-System werden dargestellt.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Austin N, Cleminson J, Darlow BA, McGuire W (2015) Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD003478 Austin N, Cleminson J, Darlow BA, McGuire W (2015) Prophylactic oral/topical non-absorbed antifungal agents to prevent invasive fungal infection in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (10):CD003478
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Behrens G, Haberl A (2020) Deutsch-Österreichische Leitlinie zur HIV-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft und bei HIV-exponierten Neugeborenen. AWMF-Leitlinie 055/002 Behrens G, Haberl A (2020) Deutsch-Österreichische Leitlinie zur HIV-Therapie in der Schwangerschaft und bei HIV-exponierten Neugeborenen. AWMF-Leitlinie 055/002
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Bispo S, Chikhungu L, Rollins N, Siegfried N, Newell ML (2017) Postnatal HIV transmission in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 20(1):21251PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bispo S, Chikhungu L, Rollins N, Siegfried N, Newell ML (2017) Postnatal HIV transmission in breastfed infants of HIV-infected women on ART: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 20(1):21251PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bollani L, Auriti C, Achille C, Garofoli F, De Rose DU, Meroni V, Salvatori G, Tzialla C (2022) Congenital toxoplasmosis: the state of the art. Front Pediatr 10:894573PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bollani L, Auriti C, Achille C, Garofoli F, De Rose DU, Meroni V, Salvatori G, Tzialla C (2022) Congenital toxoplasmosis: the state of the art. Front Pediatr 10:894573PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown JVE, Meader N, Cleminson J, McGuire W (2019) C-reactive protein for diagnosing late-onset infection in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD012126PubMed Brown JVE, Meader N, Cleminson J, McGuire W (2019) C-reactive protein for diagnosing late-onset infection in newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD012126PubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Buhrer C, Bahr S, Siebert J, Wettstein R, Geffers C, Obladen M (2002) Use of 2% 2-phenoxyethanol and 0.1% octenidine as antiseptic in premature newborn infants of 23–26 weeks gestation. J Hosp Infect 51(4):305–307PubMedCrossRef Buhrer C, Bahr S, Siebert J, Wettstein R, Geffers C, Obladen M (2002) Use of 2% 2-phenoxyethanol and 0.1% octenidine as antiseptic in premature newborn infants of 23–26 weeks gestation. J Hosp Infect 51(4):305–307PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Cailes B, Vergnano S, Kortsalioudaki C, Heath P, Sharland M (2015) The current and future roles of neonatal infection surveillance programmes in combating antimicrobial resistance. Early Hum Dev 91(11):613–618PubMedCrossRef Cailes B, Vergnano S, Kortsalioudaki C, Heath P, Sharland M (2015) The current and future roles of neonatal infection surveillance programmes in combating antimicrobial resistance. Early Hum Dev 91(11):613–618PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Carr R, Modi N, Dore C (2003) G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003(3):CD003066PubMedPubMedCentral Carr R, Modi N, Dore C (2003) G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003(3):CD003066PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Cleminson J, Austin N, McGuire W (2015) Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(10):CD003850PubMedPubMedCentral Cleminson J, Austin N, McGuire W (2015) Prophylactic systemic antifungal agents to prevent mortality and morbidity in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(10):CD003850PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Clerihew L, McGuire W (2012) Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012(6):CD003953PubMedPubMedCentral Clerihew L, McGuire W (2012) Antifungal therapy for newborn infants with invasive fungal infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012(6):CD003953PubMedPubMedCentral
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies MW, Mehr S, Garland ST, Morley CJ (2000) Bacterial colonization of toys in neonatal intensive care cots. Pediatrics 106(2):E18PubMedCrossRef Davies MW, Mehr S, Garland ST, Morley CJ (2000) Bacterial colonization of toys in neonatal intensive care cots. Pediatrics 106(2):E18PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Eichberger J, Resch B (2022) Reliability of interleukin-6 alone and in combination for diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis: systematic review. Front Pediatr 10:840778PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Eichberger J, Resch B (2022) Reliability of interleukin-6 alone and in combination for diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis: systematic review. Front Pediatr 10:840778PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat European Collaborative Study (2004) Levels and patterns of neutrophil cell counts over the first 8 years of life in children of HIV-1-infected mothers. AIDS 18(15):2009–2017CrossRef European Collaborative Study (2004) Levels and patterns of neutrophil cell counts over the first 8 years of life in children of HIV-1-infected mothers. AIDS 18(15):2009–2017CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Fernandes RM, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, Tjosvold L, Plint AC, Patel H, et al. (2013) Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013(6):CD004878 Fernandes RM, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, Tjosvold L, Plint AC, Patel H, et al. (2013) Glucocorticoids for acute viral bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013(6):CD004878
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Flidel-Rimon O, Leibovitz E, Eventov Friedman S, Juster-Reicher A, Shinwell ES (2011) Is lumbar puncture (LP) required in every workup for suspected late-onset sepsis in neonates? Acta Paediatr 100(2):303–304PubMedCrossRef Flidel-Rimon O, Leibovitz E, Eventov Friedman S, Juster-Reicher A, Shinwell ES (2011) Is lumbar puncture (LP) required in every workup for suspected late-onset sepsis in neonates? Acta Paediatr 100(2):303–304PubMedCrossRef
16.
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Foster JP, Richards R, Showell MG, Jones LJ (2015) Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(8):CD005248PubMedPubMedCentral Foster JP, Richards R, Showell MG, Jones LJ (2015) Intravenous in-line filters for preventing morbidity and mortality in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(8):CD005248PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Garegnani L, Styrmisdottir L, Roson Rodriguez P, Escobar Liquitay CM, Esteban I, Franco JV (2021) Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD013757PubMed Garegnani L, Styrmisdottir L, Roson Rodriguez P, Escobar Liquitay CM, Esteban I, Franco JV (2021) Palivizumab for preventing severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD013757PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM (1988) CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 16(3):128–140PubMedCrossRef Garner JS, Jarvis WR, Emori TG, Horan TC, Hughes JM (1988) CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988. Am J Infect Control 16(3):128–140PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Goelz R, Hihn E, Hamprecht K, Dietz K, Jahn G, Poets C, Elmlinger M (2009) Effects of different CMV-heat-inactivation-methods on growth factors in human breast milk. Pediatr Res 65(4):458–461PubMedCrossRef Goelz R, Hihn E, Hamprecht K, Dietz K, Jahn G, Poets C, Elmlinger M (2009) Effects of different CMV-heat-inactivation-methods on growth factors in human breast milk. Pediatr Res 65(4):458–461PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Grosch-Worner I, Schafer A, Obladen M, Maier RF, Seel K, Feiterna-Sperling C, Weigel R (2000) An effective and safe protocol involving zidovudine and caesarean section to reduce vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection. AIDS 14(18):2903–2911PubMedCrossRef Grosch-Worner I, Schafer A, Obladen M, Maier RF, Seel K, Feiterna-Sperling C, Weigel R (2000) An effective and safe protocol involving zidovudine and caesarean section to reduce vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection. AIDS 14(18):2903–2911PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Hansen A, Forbes P, Arnold A, O’Rourke E (2003) Once-daily gentamicin dosing for the preterm and term newborn: proposal for a simple regimen that achieves target levels. J Perinatol 23(8):635–639PubMedCrossRef Hansen A, Forbes P, Arnold A, O’Rourke E (2003) Once-daily gentamicin dosing for the preterm and term newborn: proposal for a simple regimen that achieves target levels. J Perinatol 23(8):635–639PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hartling L, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, Tjosvold L, Johnson DW, Plint AC, et al. (2011) Epinephrine for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (6):CD003123 Hartling L, Bialy LM, Vandermeer B, Tjosvold L, Johnson DW, Plint AC, et al. (2011) Epinephrine for bronchiolitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (6):CD003123
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Herting E (2016) Prophylaxe der Neugeborenensepsis – frühe Form – durch Streptokokken der Gruppe B. AWMF-Leitlinie 024/020 Herting E (2016) Prophylaxe der Neugeborenensepsis – frühe Form – durch Streptokokken der Gruppe B. AWMF-Leitlinie 024/020
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Ho HJ, Poh BF, Choudhury S, Krishnan P, Ang B, Chow A (2015) Alcohol handrubbing and chlorhexidine handwashing are equally effective in removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from health care workers’ hands: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Infect Control 43(11):1246–1248PubMedCrossRef Ho HJ, Poh BF, Choudhury S, Krishnan P, Ang B, Chow A (2015) Alcohol handrubbing and chlorhexidine handwashing are equally effective in removing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from health care workers’ hands: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Infect Control 43(11):1246–1248PubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Inglis GD, Jardine LA, Davies MW (2007) Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007(4):CD004697PubMedPubMedCentral Inglis GD, Jardine LA, Davies MW (2007) Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in neonates with umbilical artery catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007(4):CD004697PubMedPubMedCentral
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Inglis GD, Jardine LA, Davies MW (2007) Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004338 Inglis GD, Jardine LA, Davies MW (2007) Prophylactic antibiotics to reduce morbidity and mortality in ventilated newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004338
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Karampatsas K, Davies H, Mynarek M, Andrews N, Heath PT, Le Doare K (2022) Clinical risk factors associated with late-onset invasive group B streptococcal disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 75(7):1255–1264PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Karampatsas K, Davies H, Mynarek M, Andrews N, Heath PT, Le Doare K (2022) Clinical risk factors associated with late-onset invasive group B streptococcal disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 75(7):1255–1264PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Kimberlin DW, Aban I, Acosta EP (2015) Valganciclovir for congenital cytomegalovirus. N Engl J Med 372(25):2463PubMed Kimberlin DW, Aban I, Acosta EP (2015) Valganciclovir for congenital cytomegalovirus. N Engl J Med 372(25):2463PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Sanchez PJ, Demmler GJ, Dankner W, Shelton M, et al. (2003) Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr 143(1):16–25 Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Sanchez PJ, Demmler GJ, Dankner W, Shelton M, et al. (2003) Effect of ganciclovir therapy on hearing in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus disease involving the central nervous system: a randomized, controlled trial. J Pediatr 143(1):16–25
31.
Zurück zum Zitat KRINKO (2018) Prävention von Gefäßkatheter-assoziierten Infektionen bei Früh- und Neugeborenen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 61:608–626CrossRef KRINKO (2018) Prävention von Gefäßkatheter-assoziierten Infektionen bei Früh- und Neugeborenen. Bundesgesundheitsbl 61:608–626CrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Leviton A, Allred EN, Fichorova RN, Kuban KC, Michael O’Shea T, Dammann O, ELGAN study investigators (2016) Systemic inflammation on postnatal days 21 and 28 and indicators of brain dysfunction 2years later among children born before the 28th week of gestation. Early Hum Dev 93:25–32PubMedCrossRef Leviton A, Allred EN, Fichorova RN, Kuban KC, Michael O’Shea T, Dammann O, ELGAN study investigators (2016) Systemic inflammation on postnatal days 21 and 28 and indicators of brain dysfunction 2years later among children born before the 28th week of gestation. Early Hum Dev 93:25–32PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Madhi SA, Polack FP, Piedra PA, Munoz FM, Trenholme AA, EAF S, et al. (2020) Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination during pregnancy and effects in infants. N Engl J Med 383(5):426–439 Madhi SA, Polack FP, Piedra PA, Munoz FM, Trenholme AA, EAF S, et al. (2020) Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination during pregnancy and effects in infants. N Engl J Med 383(5):426–439
35.
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Odio CM, Puig JR, Feris JM, Khan WN, Rodriguez WJ, McCracken GH Jr, Bradley JS (1999) Prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded study of the efficacy and safety of meropenem vs. cefotaxime therapy in bacterial meningitis in children. Meropenem Meningitis Study Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18(7):581–590PubMedCrossRef Odio CM, Puig JR, Feris JM, Khan WN, Rodriguez WJ, McCracken GH Jr, Bradley JS (1999) Prospective, randomized, investigator-blinded study of the efficacy and safety of meropenem vs. cefotaxime therapy in bacterial meningitis in children. Meropenem Meningitis Study Group. Pediatr Infect Dis J 18(7):581–590PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohlsson A, Lacy JB (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD000361PubMed Ohlsson A, Lacy JB (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD000361PubMed
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohlsson A, Lacy JB (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or proven infection in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD001239PubMed Ohlsson A, Lacy JB (2020) Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or proven infection in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1:CD001239PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Oliver SE, Cloud GA, Sanchez PJ, Demmler GJ, Dankner W, Shelton M, et al. (2009) Neurodevelopmental outcomes following ganciclovir therapy in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infections involving the central nervous system. J Clin Virol 46(Suppl 4):S22–S26 Oliver SE, Cloud GA, Sanchez PJ, Demmler GJ, Dankner W, Shelton M, et al. (2009) Neurodevelopmental outcomes following ganciclovir therapy in symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infections involving the central nervous system. J Clin Virol 46(Suppl 4):S22–S26
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Olsen AL, Reinholdt J, Jensen AM, Andersen LP, Jensen ET (2009) Nosocomial infection in a Danish Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a prospective study. Acta Paediatr 98(8):1294–1299PubMedCrossRef Olsen AL, Reinholdt J, Jensen AM, Andersen LP, Jensen ET (2009) Nosocomial infection in a Danish Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: a prospective study. Acta Paediatr 98(8):1294–1299PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Pammi M, Brocklehurst P (2011) Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(10):CD003956PubMedPubMedCentral Pammi M, Brocklehurst P (2011) Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011(10):CD003956PubMedPubMedCentral
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Pammi M, Haque KN (2015) Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004205 Pammi M, Haque KN (2015) Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (3):CD004205
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Pammi M, Suresh G (2020) Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD007137PubMed Pammi M, Suresh G (2020) Enteral lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3:CD007137PubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Pan CQ, Duan Z, Dai E, Zhang S, Han G, Wang Y, et al. (2016) Tenofovir to prevent hepatitis B transmission in mothers with high viral load. N Engl J Med 374(24):2324–2334 Pan CQ, Duan Z, Dai E, Zhang S, Han G, Wang Y, et al. (2016) Tenofovir to prevent hepatitis B transmission in mothers with high viral load. N Engl J Med 374(24):2324–2334
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Boyce J, World Health Organization World Alliance for Patient Safety First Global Patient Safety Challenge Core Group of Experts (2009) The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and their consensus recommendations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30(7):611–622PubMedCrossRef Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Boyce J, World Health Organization World Alliance for Patient Safety First Global Patient Safety Challenge Core Group of Experts (2009) The World Health Organization Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care and their consensus recommendations. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 30(7):611–622PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Polin RA, Committee on Fetus and Newborn (2012) Management of neonates with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis. Pediatrics 129(5):1006–1015PubMedCrossRef Polin RA, Committee on Fetus and Newborn (2012) Management of neonates with suspected or proven early-onset bacterial sepsis. Pediatrics 129(5):1006–1015PubMedCrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Rao SC, Srinivasjois R, Hagan R, Ahmed M (2011) One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD005091 Rao SC, Srinivasjois R, Hagan R, Ahmed M (2011) One dose per day compared to multiple doses per day of gentamicin for treatment of suspected or proven sepsis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11:CD005091
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Robati Anaraki M, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Abdoli Oskoei S (2021) Fluconazole prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 64(4):172–179PubMedCrossRef Robati Anaraki M, Nouri-Vaskeh M, Abdoli Oskoei S (2021) Fluconazole prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Exp Pediatr 64(4):172–179PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruan L, Chen GY, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Xu GY, Li SF, et al. (2018) The combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein or presepsin alone improves the accuracy of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Crit Care 22(1):316 Ruan L, Chen GY, Liu Z, Zhao Y, Xu GY, Li SF, et al. (2018) The combination of procalcitonin and C-reactive protein or presepsin alone improves the accuracy of diagnosis of neonatal sepsis: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Crit Care 22(1):316
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmitz T, Weizsaecker K, Feiterna-Sperling C, Eilers E, Obladen M (2006) Exposure to HIV and antiretroviral medication as a potential cause of necrotizing enterocolitis in term neonates. AIDS 20(7):1082–1083PubMedCrossRef Schmitz T, Weizsaecker K, Feiterna-Sperling C, Eilers E, Obladen M (2006) Exposure to HIV and antiretroviral medication as a potential cause of necrotizing enterocolitis in term neonates. AIDS 20(7):1082–1083PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Schwab F, Geffers C, Barwolff S, Ruden H, Gastmeier P (2007) Reducing neonatal nosocomial bloodstream infections through participation in a national surveillance system. J Hosp Infect 65(4):319–325PubMedCrossRef Schwab F, Geffers C, Barwolff S, Ruden H, Gastmeier P (2007) Reducing neonatal nosocomial bloodstream infections through participation in a national surveillance system. J Hosp Infect 65(4):319–325PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Shah SS, Ohlsson A, Shah VS (2012) Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012(7):CD004496PubMedPubMedCentral Shah SS, Ohlsson A, Shah VS (2012) Intraventricular antibiotics for bacterial meningitis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012(7):CD004496PubMedPubMedCentral
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Siegfried N, van der Merwe L, Brocklehurst P, Sint TT (2011) Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (7):CD003510 Siegfried N, van der Merwe L, Brocklehurst P, Sint TT (2011) Antiretrovirals for reducing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev (7):CD003510
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Villena I, Ancelle T, Delmas C, Garcia P, Brezin AP, Thulliez P, et al. (2010) Congenital toxoplasmosis in France in 2007: first results from a national surveillance system. Euro Surveill 15(25):19600 Villena I, Ancelle T, Delmas C, Garcia P, Brezin AP, Thulliez P, et al. (2010) Congenital toxoplasmosis in France in 2007: first results from a national surveillance system. Euro Surveill 15(25):19600
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Webster J, Pritchard MA (2003) Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003(3):CD003670PubMedPubMedCentral Webster J, Pritchard MA (2003) Gowning by attendants and visitors in newborn nurseries for prevention of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003(3):CD003670PubMedPubMedCentral
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Wei HX, Wei SS, Lindsay DS, Peng HJ (2015) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of anti-Toxoplasma gondii medicines in humans. PLoS One 10(9):e0138204PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Wei HX, Wei SS, Lindsay DS, Peng HJ (2015) A systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of anti-Toxoplasma gondii medicines in humans. PLoS One 10(9):e0138204PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Zemlin M, Berger A, Franz A, Gille C, Hartel C, Kuster H, et al. (2019) Bakterielle Infektionen bei Neugeborenen. Leitlinie der GNPI, DGPI, DGKJ und DGGG. (S2k-Level, AWMF-Leitlinien-Register-Nr. 024/008, April 2018) Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 223(3):130–144 Zemlin M, Berger A, Franz A, Gille C, Hartel C, Kuster H, et al. (2019) Bakterielle Infektionen bei Neugeborenen. Leitlinie der GNPI, DGPI, DGKJ und DGGG. (S2k-Level, AWMF-Leitlinien-Register-Nr. 024/008, April 2018) Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 223(3):130–144
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Zwiauer K (2009) Prävention von CMV-Infektionen bei Frühgeborenen durch Muttermilch. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 157:795–797CrossRef Zwiauer K (2009) Prävention von CMV-Infektionen bei Frühgeborenen durch Muttermilch. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 157:795–797CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Infektionen
verfasst von
Michael Zemlin
Copyright-Jahr
2023
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66572-5_14

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

23.04.2024 Appendizitis Nachrichten

Schmerzen im Unterbauch, aber sonst nicht viel, was auf eine Appendizitis hindeutete: Ein junger Mann hatte Glück, dass trotzdem eine Laparoskopie mit Appendektomie durchgeführt und der Wurmfortsatz histologisch untersucht wurde.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.