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2022 | OriginalPaper | Buchkapitel

11. Infektionskrankheiten

verfasst von : Hans-Peter Kapfhammer

Erschienen in: Depression, Angst, traumatischer Stress und internistische Erkrankungen

Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Zusammenfassung

Infektionskrankheiten zählten noch Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts zu den häufigsten Todesursachen. Die Entdeckung von spezifischen Krankheitserregern, die Entwicklung wirksamer Antibiotika und Impfungen schienen diese Bedrohungen fast vollständig zu kontrollieren. Moderne Lebensweisen, übertriebene Hygienestandards, unreflektierter Einsatz von Antibiotika, rücksichtsloses Vordringen in unberührte ökologische Habitate von Mikroorganismen haben aber zu bedenkenswerten soziobiologischen Konsequenzen geführt und gerade in den zurückliegenden Jahren auch wieder mit bedrohlichen Pandemien konfrontiert. Es werden zunächst die Zusammenhänge von erhöhter psychosozialer Stressexposition und allgemeiner Infektanfälligkeit sowie die somatopsychischen Auswirkungen von Infektionen auf psychologische (affektive, kognitive) und psychophysiologische Reaktionssysteme am Modell des „sickness behaviour“ aufgezeigt. Das Komorbiditätsthema wird anschließend an zwei speziellen Infektionskrankheiten näher ausgeführt, der HIV-Infektion und der SARS-CoV2-Infektion. Beide Infektionskrankheiten verweisen paradigmatisch auf einen biopsychosozialen Kontext in der Entstehung, in der Auslösung und im Verlauf. Hierauf müssen die hohen Prävalenzen koexistenter affektiver und Stress-bezogener Störungen, die komplexen „psycho-somatischen“ und „somato-psychischen“ Wechselwirkungen in der ätiopathogenetischen Diskussion, aber auch die entwickelten und prinzipiell verfügbaren psychotherapeutischen und psychopharmakologischen Behandlungen bezogen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Infektionskrankheiten
verfasst von
Hans-Peter Kapfhammer
Copyright-Jahr
2022
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65873-4_11

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