Introduction
Methods
Data sources
Search strategy
Study selection criteria
Data extraction
Data analysis
Medical ethical approval
Results
Search results
Study | Study design | Selection | Comparability | Exposure/Outcome | Result | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 1/2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
1 | Aoki et al. [39] | Retrospective cohort study with post-hoc case–control analysis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
2 | Barnard et al. [28] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
3 | Barnard et al. [40] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
4 | Beck et al. [29] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
5 | Beck et al. [1] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
6 | Chen et al. [41] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
7 | Chia et al. [30] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
8 | Chiang et al. [31] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
9 | Claesson et al. [32] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
10 | Cureton et al. [23] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
11 | David et al. [19] | Randomized controlled trial | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
12 | Deasy et al. [24] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
13 | Di Bartolomeo et al. [6] | Prospective population-based study | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
14 | Djarv et al. [35] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
15 | Duchateau et al. [33] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
16 | Escutnaire et al. [36] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
17 | Evans et al. [27] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
18 | Faucher et al. [21] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
19 | Fukuda et al. [37] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
20 | Gräsner et al. [2] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
21 | Huber-Wagner et al. [20] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
22 | Irfan et al. [34] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
23 | Israr et al. [42] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
24 | Javaudin et al. [46] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
25 | Jun et al. [47] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
26 | Kitamura et al. [26] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
27 | Lin et al. [25] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
28 | Lockey et al. [3] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 6 |
29 | Lu et al. [43] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
30 | Moriwaki et al. [22] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
31 | Pickens et al. [17] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
32 | Stockinger et al. [16] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
33 | ter Avest et al. [44] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
34 | Tsutsumi et al. [38] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
35 | Willis et al. [18] | Retrospective cohort | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 7 |
36 | Yamamoto et al. [45] | Prospective observational study with post hoc analysis | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
Study characteristics
Study | Country | Journal | Study design | Database | Start patient inclusion | Stop patient inclusion | Total number of patients in study | Number of patients included in meta-analysis | Trauma type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Aoki et al. [39] | Japan | Scientific Reports (Nature) | Retrospective cohort study with post-hoc case–control analysis | All-Japan Utstein Registry | 01–2012 | 12–2015 | 465.932 | 5.204 | Blunt |
2 | Barnard et al. [28] | UK | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | TARN (Trauma Audit and Research Network | 01–2009 | 09–2015 | 227.944 | 576 | Both |
3 | Barnard et al. [40] | UK | Emergency Medical Journal | Retrospective cohort | EEAST (East of UK Ambulance Service NHS Trust) | 01–2015 | 07–2017 | 9.109 | 304 | Both |
4 | Beck et al. [1] | Australia | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | SJA-WHA (St John Ambulance Western Australia) | 01–1997 | 12–2014 | 21.071 | 1.354 | Both |
5 | Beck et al. [29] | Australia | Emergency Medical Journal + Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | VACAR (Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry) | 07–2008 | 06–2014 | 2.334 | 660 | Both |
6 | Chen et al. [41] | Taiwan | Injury | Retrospective cohort | 5 local hospitals | 01–2010 | 12–2014 | 560 | 463 | Both |
7 | Chia et al. [30] | Singapore, Malaysia, Japan and Thailand | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | PAROS (Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study) | 01–2009 | 12–2012 | 66.780 | 1.554 | Both |
8 | Chiang et al. [31] | Taiwan | Emergency Medical Journal | Retrospective cohort | Taipei Fire City Department | 01–2009 | 12–2013 | 921 | 893 | Blunt |
9 | Claesson et al. [32] | Sweden | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | SRCR (Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) | 01–2004 | 12–2014 | 70.846 | 1.553 | Both |
10 | Cureton et al. [23] | USA | Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery | Retrospective cohort | Local hospital | 01–2002 | 09–2008 | 318 | 318 | Both |
11 | David et al. [19] | France and Belgium | Critical Care Medicine | Randomized controlled trial | 12 local hospitals | 01–1994 | 09–1996 | 2.910 | 268 | Both |
12 | Deasy et al. [24] | Australia | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | VACAR (Victorian Ambulance Cardiac Arrest Registry) | 01–2000 | 12–2009 | 33.178 | 2.187 | Both |
13 | Di Bartolomeo et al. [6] | Italy | Prehospital Emergency Care | Prospective population-based study | Local FVG (Friuli Venezia Giulia) | 01–1998 | 02–1999 | 181 | 129 | Both |
14 | Djarv et al. [35] | Sweden | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | Retrospective cohort | SRCR (Swedish Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) | 01–1990 | 12–2016 | 72.547 | 1.774 | Both |
15 | Duchateau et al. [33] | France | Emergency Medical Journal | Retrospective cohort | 3 local hospitals | 01–2010 | 01–2013 | 88 | 88 | Both |
16 | Escutnaire et al. [36] | France | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | RéAC (French National Cardiac Arrest Registry) | 07–2011 | 01–2017 | 60.157 | 3.209 | Both |
17 | Evans et al. [27] | USA and Canada | Journal of Trauma Acute Care Surgery | Retrospective cohort | ROC trauma registries | 12–2005 | 06–2011 | 19.549 | 2.300 | Both |
18 | Faucher et al. [21] | France | Annales françaises d'anesthesie et de réanimation | Retrospective cohort | Local regional database | 01–2004 | 12–2005 | 1.552 | 129 | Both |
19 | Fukuda et al. [37] | Japan | JAMA Surgery | Retrospective cohort | All-Japan Utstein Registry | 01–2013 | 12–2014 | 251.075 | 4.382 | Blunt |
20 | Gräsner et al. [2] | Germany | Critical Care Medicine | Retrospective cohort | TR-DGU (Trauma Registry of German Society for Trauma Surgery) | 01–1993 | 12–2009 | 26.180 | 814 | Both |
21 | Huber-Wagner et al. [20] | Germany, Austria and Switzerland | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | TRGTS (Trauma Registry of the German Trauma Society) | 01–1993 | 12–2004 | 10.359 | 757 | Both |
22 | Irfan et al. [34] | Qatar | International Journal of Cardiology | Retrospective cohort | Hamad Trauma Centre | 01–2010 | 12–2015 | 718 | 410 | Both |
23 | Israr et al. [42] | USA | Injury | Retrospective cohort | 2 Lvl 1 hospitals in Arizona | 02–2013 | 12–2017 | 277 | 277 | Both |
24 | Javaudin et al. [46] | France | Prehospital Emergency Care | Retrospective cohort | French National OHCA Registry (RéAC) | 07–2011 | 06–2018 | 82.125 | 2.981 | Both |
25 | Jun et al. [47] | Korea | Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine | Retrospective cohort | Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Surveillance (OHCAS) of the KCDC | 01–2012 | 12–2016 | 142.905 | 8.237 | Both |
26 | Kitamura et al. [26] | Japan | British Medical Journal Open | Retrospective cohort | Utstein Osaka Project | 01–2005 | 12–2011 | 47.735 | 2.065 | Blunt |
27 | Lin et al. [25] | Taiwan | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | Utstein-style population database | 01–2004 | 12–2010 | 3.607 | 424 | Both |
28 | Lockey et al. [3] | UK | Annals of Emergency Medicine | Retrospective cohort | London HEMS database | 07–1994 | 06–2004 | 12.086 | 909 | Both |
29 | Lu et al. [43] | Taiwan | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | Retrospective cohort | Local EMS database | 01–2014 | 12–2016 | 4.526 | 560 | Both |
30 | Moriwaki et al. [22] | Japan | World Journal of Surgery | Retrospective cohort | Local Hospital | 2000 | 2010 | 477 | 477 | Blunt |
31 | Pickens et al. [17] | USA | Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care | Retrospective cohort | Seattle Fire Department | 01–1995 | 04–2001 | 266 | 184 | Both |
32 | Stockinger et al. [16] | USA | Journal of American College of Surgeons | Retrospective cohort | Local hospital | 01–1997 | 12–2002 | 25.489 | 588 | Both |
33 | ter Avest et al. [44] | UK | Resuscitation | Retrospective cohort | KSSAAT (Kent, Surrey & Sussex Air Ambulance trust) | 07–2013 | 05–2018 | 263 | 262 | Both |
34 | Tsutsumi et al. [38] | Japan | Injury | Retrospective cohort | Japan Trauma Data Bank | 01–2004 | 12–2015 | 236.698 | 4.313 | Blunt |
35 | Willis et al. [18] | Australia | Injury | Retrospective cohort | VSTR (Victorian State Trauma System) | 07–2001 | 12–2004 | 5.349 | 89 | Both |
36 | Yamamoto et al. [45] | Japan | Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine | Prospective observational study with post hoc analysis | Regional EMS database | 01–2012 | 03–2013 | 16.452 | 1.030 | Both |