Critical literature review on the management of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma and proposed decision-making algorithm

Management of intraparotid facial nerve schwannomas (IFNS) is very challenging because the diagnosis is often made intra-operatively and in most cases, resection could lead to severe facial nerve (FN) paralysis, with important aesthetic consequences. Articles in the English language focused on the management of FN schwannoma have been selected and critically reviewed. A decision-making algorithm is proposed. In the case of type A or B neoplasms, or in case of a pre-operative FN House–Brackmann (HB) grade IV or worse, the authors would favor a resection of the IFNS and (where necessary) a reconstruction of the nerve. In the case of pre-operative HB grade III or better and type C or D neoplasms, patients would undergo an intra-operative biopsy to rule out malignancy, and a possible conservative management could be adopted. Localization and adherences of IFNS, as well as pre-operative FN function are important factors that must be considered in the decision-making process for IFNS to optimize the functional outcomes.