Skip to main content
Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics 7/2018

04.05.2018 | Review

Development of minimum standards of care for juvenile localized scleroderma

verfasst von: Tamás Constantin, Ivan Foeldvari, Clare E. Pain, Annamária Pálinkás, Peter Höger, Monika Moll, Dana Nemkova, Lisa Weibel, Melinda Laczkovszki, Philip Clements, Kathryn S. Torok

Erschienen in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Ausgabe 7/2018

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Juvenile localized scleroderma (jLS), also known as morphea, is an orphan disease. Pediatric guidelines regarding diagnosis, assessment, and management are lacking.
Our objective was to develop minimum standards of care for diagnosis, assessment, and management of jLS. A systematic review was undertaken to establish the pediatric evidence for assessment and monitoring of jLS. An expert panel, including members of the Pediatric Rheumatology European Society (PRES) Scleroderma Working Group, were invited to a consensus meeting where recommendations were developed based on evidence graded by the systematic review and, where evidence was lacking, consensus opinion. A nominal technique was used where 75% consensus was taken as agreement. Recommendations for diagnosis, assessment, and management were developed. Due to a lack of pediatric evidence, these were primarily consensus driven. Careful assessment for extra-cutaneous manifestations including synovitis, brain involvement, and uveitis were key features together with joint assessments between Dermatology and Rheumatology to improve and standardize care.
Conclusion: Management of jLS is varied. These recommendations should help provide standardization of assessment and care for those with this rare and potentially debilitating condition.
What is Known:
• Children with juvenile localized scleroderma (jLS) are managed by a number of specialties including pediatric rheumatologists and dermatologists, sometimes in shared clinics. Studies have shown that management varies considerably and that there are notable differences between specialties [1].
• There is very little published guidance on management of jLS.
What is new:
• These recommendations aim to standardize diagnosis, assessment, and management through review of pediatric evidence and consensus agreement.
• Joint review of patients by both pediatric rheumatologists and dermatologists is recommended.
Anhänge
Nur mit Berechtigung zugänglich
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson W, Jacobe H (2012) Morphea in adults and children cohort II: patients with morphea experience delay in diagnosis and large variation in treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 67:881–889PubMedCrossRef Johnson W, Jacobe H (2012) Morphea in adults and children cohort II: patients with morphea experience delay in diagnosis and large variation in treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 67:881–889PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Weibel L, Laguda B, Atherton D, Harper JI (2011) Misdiagnosis and delay in referral of children with localized scleroderma. Br J Dermatol 165:1308–1313PubMedCrossRef Weibel L, Laguda B, Atherton D, Harper JI (2011) Misdiagnosis and delay in referral of children with localized scleroderma. Br J Dermatol 165:1308–1313PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Li SC, Torok KS, Pope E, Dedeoglu F, Hong S, Jacobe HT, Rabinovich CE, Laxer RM, Higgins GC, Ferguson PJ, Lasky A, Baszis K, Becker M, Campillo S, Cartwright V, Cidon M, Inman CJ, Jerath R, O'Neil KM, Vora S, Zeft A, Wallace CA, Ilowite NT, Fuhlbrigge RC (2012) Development of consensus treatment plans for juvenile localized scleroderma: a roadmap toward comparative effectiveness studies in juvenile localized scleroderma. Arthritis Care Res 64:1175–1185 Li SC, Torok KS, Pope E, Dedeoglu F, Hong S, Jacobe HT, Rabinovich CE, Laxer RM, Higgins GC, Ferguson PJ, Lasky A, Baszis K, Becker M, Campillo S, Cartwright V, Cidon M, Inman CJ, Jerath R, O'Neil KM, Vora S, Zeft A, Wallace CA, Ilowite NT, Fuhlbrigge RC (2012) Development of consensus treatment plans for juvenile localized scleroderma: a roadmap toward comparative effectiveness studies in juvenile localized scleroderma. Arthritis Care Res 64:1175–1185
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Zulian F, Athreya BH, Laxer R, Nelson AM, Feitosa de Oliveira SK, Punaro MG, Cuttica R, Higgins GC, Van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Moore TL, Lindsley C, Garcia-Consuegra J, Esteves Hilario MO, Lepore L, Silva CA, Machado C, Garay SM, Uziel Y, Martini G, Foeldvari I, Peserico A, Woo P, Harper J, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2006) Juvenile localized scleroderma: clinical and epidemiological features in 750 children. An international study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 45:614–620CrossRef Zulian F, Athreya BH, Laxer R, Nelson AM, Feitosa de Oliveira SK, Punaro MG, Cuttica R, Higgins GC, Van Suijlekom-Smit LW, Moore TL, Lindsley C, Garcia-Consuegra J, Esteves Hilario MO, Lepore L, Silva CA, Machado C, Garay SM, Uziel Y, Martini G, Foeldvari I, Peserico A, Woo P, Harper J, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2006) Juvenile localized scleroderma: clinical and epidemiological features in 750 children. An international study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 45:614–620CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Nouri S, Jacobe H (2013) Recent developments in diagnosis and assessment of morphea. Curr Rheumatol Rep 15:308PubMedCrossRef Nouri S, Jacobe H (2013) Recent developments in diagnosis and assessment of morphea. Curr Rheumatol Rep 15:308PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrick AL, Ennis H, Bhushan M, Silman AJ, Baildam EM (2010) Incidence of childhood linear scleroderma and systemic sclerosis in the UK and Ireland. Arthritis Care Res 62:213–218CrossRef Herrick AL, Ennis H, Bhushan M, Silman AJ, Baildam EM (2010) Incidence of childhood linear scleroderma and systemic sclerosis in the UK and Ireland. Arthritis Care Res 62:213–218CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Weibel L (2012) Localized scleroderma (morphea) in childhood. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Dermatol, Venerol Verwandte Geb 63:89–96CrossRef Weibel L (2012) Localized scleroderma (morphea) in childhood. Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Dermatol, Venerol Verwandte Geb 63:89–96CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreuter A, Krieg T, Worm M, Wenzel J, Gambichler T, Kuhn A, Aberer E, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Hunzelmann N (2009) AWMF guideline no. 013/066. Diagnosis and therapy of circumscribed scleroderma. J Deutschen Dermatol Ges = J German Soc Dermatol: JDDG 7(Suppl 6):S1–S14 Kreuter A, Krieg T, Worm M, Wenzel J, Gambichler T, Kuhn A, Aberer E, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Hunzelmann N (2009) AWMF guideline no. 013/066. Diagnosis and therapy of circumscribed scleroderma. J Deutschen Dermatol Ges = J German Soc Dermatol: JDDG 7(Suppl 6):S1–S14
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Peterson LS, Nelson AM, Su WP (1995) Classification of morphea (localized scleroderma). Mayo Clin Proc 70:1068–1076PubMedCrossRef Peterson LS, Nelson AM, Su WP (1995) Classification of morphea (localized scleroderma). Mayo Clin Proc 70:1068–1076PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Hawley DP, Baildam EM, Amin TS, Cruikshank MK, Davidson JE, Dixon J, Martin NS, Ohlsson V, Pilkington C, Rangaraj S, Riley P, Sundaramoorthy C, Walsh J, Foster HE (2012) Access to care for children and young people diagnosed with localized scleroderma or juvenile SSc in the UK. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 51:1235–1239CrossRef Hawley DP, Baildam EM, Amin TS, Cruikshank MK, Davidson JE, Dixon J, Martin NS, Ohlsson V, Pilkington C, Rangaraj S, Riley P, Sundaramoorthy C, Walsh J, Foster HE (2012) Access to care for children and young people diagnosed with localized scleroderma or juvenile SSc in the UK. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 51:1235–1239CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Hawley DP, Pain CE, Baildam EM, Murphy R, Taylor AE, Foster HE (2014) United Kingdom survey of current management of juvenile localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 53:1849–1854CrossRef Hawley DP, Pain CE, Baildam EM, Murphy R, Taylor AE, Foster HE (2014) United Kingdom survey of current management of juvenile localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 53:1849–1854CrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Baildam EM, Ennis H, Foster HE, Shaw L, Chieng AS, Kelly J, Herrick AL, Richards HL (2011) Influence of childhood scleroderma on physical function and quality of life. J Rheumatol 38:167–173PubMedCrossRef Baildam EM, Ennis H, Foster HE, Shaw L, Chieng AS, Kelly J, Herrick AL, Richards HL (2011) Influence of childhood scleroderma on physical function and quality of life. J Rheumatol 38:167–173PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Orzechowski NM, Davis DM, Mason TG 3rd, Crowson CS, Reed AM (2009) Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with juvenile localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 48:670–672CrossRef Orzechowski NM, Davis DM, Mason TG 3rd, Crowson CS, Reed AM (2009) Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with juvenile localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 48:670–672CrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Das S, Bernstein I, Jacobe H (2014) Correlates of self-reported quality of life in adults and children with morphea. J Am Acad Dermatol 70:904–910PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Das S, Bernstein I, Jacobe H (2014) Correlates of self-reported quality of life in adults and children with morphea. J Am Acad Dermatol 70:904–910PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreuter A, Krieg T, Worm M, Wenzel J, Moinzadeh P, Kuhn A, Aberer E, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Horneff G, Reil E, Weberschock T, Hunzelmann N (2016) German guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of localized scleroderma. J Deutschen Dermatol Ges = J German Soc Dermatol: JDDG 14:199–216CrossRef Kreuter A, Krieg T, Worm M, Wenzel J, Moinzadeh P, Kuhn A, Aberer E, Scharffetter-Kochanek K, Horneff G, Reil E, Weberschock T, Hunzelmann N (2016) German guidelines for the diagnosis and therapy of localized scleroderma. J Deutschen Dermatol Ges = J German Soc Dermatol: JDDG 14:199–216CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Dougados M, Betteridge N, Burmester GR, Euller-Ziegler L, Guillemin F, Hirvonen J, Lloyd J, Ozen S, Da Silva JA, Emery P, Kalden JR, Kvien T, Matucci-Cerinic M, Smolen J (2004) EULAR standardised operating procedures for the elaboration, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of recommendations endorsed by the EULAR standing committees. Ann Rheum Dis 63:1172–1176PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dougados M, Betteridge N, Burmester GR, Euller-Ziegler L, Guillemin F, Hirvonen J, Lloyd J, Ozen S, Da Silva JA, Emery P, Kalden JR, Kvien T, Matucci-Cerinic M, Smolen J (2004) EULAR standardised operating procedures for the elaboration, evaluation, dissemination, and implementation of recommendations endorsed by the EULAR standing committees. Ann Rheum Dis 63:1172–1176PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang W, Doherty M, Pascual E, Bardin T, Barskova V, Conaghan P, Gerster J, Jacobs J, Leeb B, Liote F, McCarthy G, Netter P, Nuki G, Perez-Ruiz F, Pignone A, Pimentao J, Punzi L, Roddy E, Uhlig T, Zimmermann-Gorska I (2006) EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: diagnosis. Report of a task force of the standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 65:1301–1311PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhang W, Doherty M, Pascual E, Bardin T, Barskova V, Conaghan P, Gerster J, Jacobs J, Leeb B, Liote F, McCarthy G, Netter P, Nuki G, Perez-Ruiz F, Pignone A, Pimentao J, Punzi L, Roddy E, Uhlig T, Zimmermann-Gorska I (2006) EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part I: diagnosis. Report of a task force of the standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 65:1301–1311PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Pascual E, Barskova V, Conaghan P, Gerster J, Jacobs J, Leeb B, Liote F, McCarthy G, Netter P, Nuki G, Perez-Ruiz F, Pignone A, Pimentao J, Punzi L, Roddy E, Uhlig T, Zimmermann-Gorska I (2006) EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 65:1312–1324PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zhang W, Doherty M, Bardin T, Pascual E, Barskova V, Conaghan P, Gerster J, Jacobs J, Leeb B, Liote F, McCarthy G, Netter P, Nuki G, Perez-Ruiz F, Pignone A, Pimentao J, Punzi L, Roddy E, Uhlig T, Zimmermann-Gorska I (2006) EULAR evidence based recommendations for gout. Part II: management. Report of a task force of the EULAR standing Committee for International Clinical Studies Including Therapeutics (ESCISIT). Ann Rheum Dis 65:1312–1324PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Piram M, McCuaig CC, Saint-Cyr C, Marcoux D, Hatami A, Haddad E, Powell J (2013) Short- and long-term outcome of linear morphoea in children. Br J Dermatol 169:1265–1271PubMedCrossRef Piram M, McCuaig CC, Saint-Cyr C, Marcoux D, Hatami A, Haddad E, Powell J (2013) Short- and long-term outcome of linear morphoea in children. Br J Dermatol 169:1265–1271PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Blaszczyk M, Janniger CK, Jablonska S (1996) Childhood scleroderma and its peculiarities. Cutis 58:141–144, 148–152 Blaszczyk M, Janniger CK, Jablonska S (1996) Childhood scleroderma and its peculiarities. Cutis 58:141–144, 148–152
21.
Zurück zum Zitat (2009) Weedon’s skin pathology. Churchill Livingstone (2009) Weedon’s skin pathology. Churchill Livingstone
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Wortsman X, Wortsman J, Sazunic I, Carreno L (2011) Activity assessment in morphea using color Doppler ultrasound. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:942–948PubMedCrossRef Wortsman X, Wortsman J, Sazunic I, Carreno L (2011) Activity assessment in morphea using color Doppler ultrasound. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:942–948PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Beltramelli M, Vercellesi P, Frasin A, Gelmetti C, Corona F (2010) Localized severe scleroderma: a retrospective study of 26 pediatric patients. Pediatr Dermatol 27:476–480PubMedCrossRef Beltramelli M, Vercellesi P, Frasin A, Gelmetti C, Corona F (2010) Localized severe scleroderma: a retrospective study of 26 pediatric patients. Pediatr Dermatol 27:476–480PubMedCrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Herrick AL, Ennis H, Bhushan M, Silman AJ, Baildam EM Clinical features of childhood localized scleroderma in an incidence cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 50:1865–1868 Herrick AL, Ennis H, Bhushan M, Silman AJ, Baildam EM Clinical features of childhood localized scleroderma in an incidence cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 50:1865–1868
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Wu EY, Li SC, Torok KS, Virkud Y, Fuhlbrigge R, Rabinovich CE (2014) A28: Description of the Juvenile Localized Scleroderma Subgroup of the CARRA Registry. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 66(Suppl 11):S43–S44CrossRef Wu EY, Li SC, Torok KS, Virkud Y, Fuhlbrigge R, Rabinovich CE (2014) A28: Description of the Juvenile Localized Scleroderma Subgroup of the CARRA Registry. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 66(Suppl 11):S43–S44CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, Silverman ED, Thorner PS, Laxer RM (1994) Localized scleroderma in childhood: a report of 30 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 23:328–340PubMedCrossRef Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, Silverman ED, Thorner PS, Laxer RM (1994) Localized scleroderma in childhood: a report of 30 cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 23:328–340PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Vancheeswaran R, Black CM, David J, Hasson N, Harper J, Atherton D, Trivedi P, Woo P (1996) Childhood-onset scleroderma: is it different from adult-onset disease. Arthritis Rheum 39:1041–1049PubMedCrossRef Vancheeswaran R, Black CM, David J, Hasson N, Harper J, Atherton D, Trivedi P, Woo P (1996) Childhood-onset scleroderma: is it different from adult-onset disease. Arthritis Rheum 39:1041–1049PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Marzano AV, Menni S, Parodi A, Borghi A, Fuligni A, Fabbri P, Caputo R (2003) Localized scleroderma in adults and children. Clinical and laboratory investigations on 239 cases. Europ J Dermatol: EJD 13:171–176 Marzano AV, Menni S, Parodi A, Borghi A, Fuligni A, Fabbri P, Caputo R (2003) Localized scleroderma in adults and children. Clinical and laboratory investigations on 239 cases. Europ J Dermatol: EJD 13:171–176
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosenberg AM, Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, Hauta SA, Prokopchuk PA, Silverman ED, Laxer RM (1995) Antinuclear antibodies in children with localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 22:2337–2343PubMed Rosenberg AM, Uziel Y, Krafchik BR, Hauta SA, Prokopchuk PA, Silverman ED, Laxer RM (1995) Antinuclear antibodies in children with localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 22:2337–2343PubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Takehara K, Moroi Y, Nakabayashi Y, Ishibashi Y (1983) Antinuclear antibodies in localized scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 26:612–616PubMedCrossRef Takehara K, Moroi Y, Nakabayashi Y, Ishibashi Y (1983) Antinuclear antibodies in localized scleroderma. Arthritis Rheum 26:612–616PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Christen-Zaech S, Hakim MD, Afsar FS, Paller AS (2008) Pediatric morphea (localized scleroderma): review of 136 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 59:385–396PubMedCrossRef Christen-Zaech S, Hakim MD, Afsar FS, Paller AS (2008) Pediatric morphea (localized scleroderma): review of 136 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol 59:385–396PubMedCrossRef
32.
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Takehara K, Sato S (2005) Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 44:274–279CrossRef Takehara K, Sato S (2005) Localized scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 44:274–279CrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Sato S, Fujimoto M, Ihn H, Kikuchi K, Takehara K (1994) Clinical characteristics associated with antihistone antibodies in patients with localized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:567–571PubMedCrossRef Sato S, Fujimoto M, Ihn H, Kikuchi K, Takehara K (1994) Clinical characteristics associated with antihistone antibodies in patients with localized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 31:567–571PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Lo CY, Shyur SD, Chu SH, Huang LH, Kao YH, Lei WT, Cheng CH, Lee KH, Chen CK, Liu LC Juvenile scleroderma: experience in one institution. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol/ Launched Allergy Immunol Soc Thailand 28:279–286 Lo CY, Shyur SD, Chu SH, Huang LH, Kao YH, Lei WT, Cheng CH, Lee KH, Chen CK, Liu LC Juvenile scleroderma: experience in one institution. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol/ Launched Allergy Immunol Soc Thailand 28:279–286
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Parodi A, Drosera M, Barbieri L, Rebora A (1995) Antihistone antibodies in scleroderma. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 191:16–18CrossRef Parodi A, Drosera M, Barbieri L, Rebora A (1995) Antihistone antibodies in scleroderma. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 191:16–18CrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat el-Azhary RA, Aponte CC, Nelson AM, Weaver AL, Homburger HA (2006) Antihistone antibodies in linear scleroderma variants. Int J Dermatol 45:1296–1299PubMedCrossRef el-Azhary RA, Aponte CC, Nelson AM, Weaver AL, Homburger HA (2006) Antihistone antibodies in linear scleroderma variants. Int J Dermatol 45:1296–1299PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Dharamsi JW, Victor S, Aguwa N, Ahn C, Arnett F, Mayes MD, Jacobe H (2013) Morphea in adults and children cohort III: nested case-control study—the clinical significance of autoantibodies in morphea. JAMA dermatology 149:1159–1165PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Dharamsi JW, Victor S, Aguwa N, Ahn C, Arnett F, Mayes MD, Jacobe H (2013) Morphea in adults and children cohort III: nested case-control study—the clinical significance of autoantibodies in morphea. JAMA dermatology 149:1159–1165PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Falanga V, Medsger TA Jr, Reichlin M, Rodnan GP (1986) Linear scleroderma. Clinical spectrum, prognosis, and laboratory abnormalities. Ann Intern Med 104:849–857PubMedCrossRef Falanga V, Medsger TA Jr, Reichlin M, Rodnan GP (1986) Linear scleroderma. Clinical spectrum, prognosis, and laboratory abnormalities. Ann Intern Med 104:849–857PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Arkachaisri T, Fertig N, Pino S, Medsger TA Jr (2008) Serum autoantibodies and their clinical associations in patients with childhood- and adult-onset linear scleroderma. A single-center study. J Rheumatol 35:2439–2444PubMedCrossRef Arkachaisri T, Fertig N, Pino S, Medsger TA Jr (2008) Serum autoantibodies and their clinical associations in patients with childhood- and adult-onset linear scleroderma. A single-center study. J Rheumatol 35:2439–2444PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Weber K (2009) Is juvenile localized scleroderma related to Lyme borreliosis? J Am Acad Dermatol 61:901PubMedCrossRef Weber K (2009) Is juvenile localized scleroderma related to Lyme borreliosis? J Am Acad Dermatol 61:901PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Weide B, Walz T, Garbe C (2000) Is morphoea caused by Borrelia burgdorferi? A review. Br J Dermatol 142:636–644PubMedCrossRef Weide B, Walz T, Garbe C (2000) Is morphoea caused by Borrelia burgdorferi? A review. Br J Dermatol 142:636–644PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Fan W, Leonardi CL, Penneys NS (1995) Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with localized scleroderma (morphea). J Am Acad Dermatol 33:682–684PubMedCrossRef Fan W, Leonardi CL, Penneys NS (1995) Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with localized scleroderma (morphea). J Am Acad Dermatol 33:682–684PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Dillon WI, Saed GM, Fivenson DP (1995) Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions of morphea, scleroderma, or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of patients from North America. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:617–620PubMedCrossRef Dillon WI, Saed GM, Fivenson DP (1995) Borrelia burgdorferi DNA is undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions of morphea, scleroderma, or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of patients from North America. J Am Acad Dermatol 33:617–620PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Raguin G, Boisnic S, Souteyrand P, Baranton G, Piette JC, Godeau P, Frances C (1992) No evidence for a spirochaetal origin of localized scleroderma. Br J Dermatol 127:218–220PubMedCrossRef Raguin G, Boisnic S, Souteyrand P, Baranton G, Piette JC, Godeau P, Frances C (1992) No evidence for a spirochaetal origin of localized scleroderma. Br J Dermatol 127:218–220PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Vaillant L, Goudeau A (1992) Localized scleroderma is not a Borrelia burgdorferi infection in France. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 184:286–288CrossRef Vaillant L, Goudeau A (1992) Localized scleroderma is not a Borrelia burgdorferi infection in France. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 184:286–288CrossRef
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Lupoli S, Cutler SJ, Stephens CO, Wright DJ, Black CM (1991) Lyme disease and localized scleroderma—no evidence for a common aetiology. Br J Rheumatol 30:154–156PubMedCrossRef Lupoli S, Cutler SJ, Stephens CO, Wright DJ, Black CM (1991) Lyme disease and localized scleroderma—no evidence for a common aetiology. Br J Rheumatol 30:154–156PubMedCrossRef
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisendle K, Zelger B (2009) The expanding spectrum of cutaneous borreliosis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 144:157–171PubMed Eisendle K, Zelger B (2009) The expanding spectrum of cutaneous borreliosis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol 144:157–171PubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Ozkan S, Atabey N, Fetil E, Erkizan V, Gunes AT (2000) Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus. Int J Dermatol 39:278–283PubMedCrossRef Ozkan S, Atabey N, Fetil E, Erkizan V, Gunes AT (2000) Evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi in morphea and lichen sclerosus. Int J Dermatol 39:278–283PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Schempp C, Bocklage H, Lange R, Kolmel HW, Orfanos CE, Gollnick H (1993) Further evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confirmed by DNA amplification. J Invest Dermatol 100:717–720PubMedCrossRef Schempp C, Bocklage H, Lange R, Kolmel HW, Orfanos CE, Gollnick H (1993) Further evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus confirmed by DNA amplification. J Invest Dermatol 100:717–720PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Akimoto S, Ishikawa O, Miyachi Y (1996) The absence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in the sera of Japanese patients with localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 23:573–574PubMed Akimoto S, Ishikawa O, Miyachi Y (1996) The absence of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in the sera of Japanese patients with localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 23:573–574PubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Espinoza-Leon F, Hassanhi-Hassanhi M, Arocha-Sandoval F, Urbina-Lopez M (2006) Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in the sera of Venezuelan patients with localized scleroderma (morphea). Investig Clin 47:283–288 Espinoza-Leon F, Hassanhi-Hassanhi M, Arocha-Sandoval F, Urbina-Lopez M (2006) Absence of Borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in the sera of Venezuelan patients with localized scleroderma (morphea). Investig Clin 47:283–288
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Zollinger T, Mertz KD, Schmid M, Schmitt A, Pfaltz M, Kempf W (2010) Borrelia in granuloma annulare, morphea and lichen sclerosus: a PCR-based study and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 37:571–577PubMedCrossRef Zollinger T, Mertz KD, Schmid M, Schmitt A, Pfaltz M, Kempf W (2010) Borrelia in granuloma annulare, morphea and lichen sclerosus: a PCR-based study and review of the literature. J Cutan Pathol 37:571–577PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Goodlad JR, Davidson MM, Gordon P, Billington R, Ho-Yen DO (2002) Morphoea and Borrelia burgdorferi: results from the Scottish highlands in the context of the world literature. Mol Pathol: MP 55:374–378PubMedCrossRef Goodlad JR, Davidson MM, Gordon P, Billington R, Ho-Yen DO (2002) Morphoea and Borrelia burgdorferi: results from the Scottish highlands in the context of the world literature. Mol Pathol: MP 55:374–378PubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Weide B, Schittek B, Klyscz T, Schuz K, Stark M, Rassner G, Wilske B, Garbe C (2000) Morphoea is neither associated with features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, nor is this agent detectable in lesional skin by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Dermatol 143:780–785PubMedCrossRef Weide B, Schittek B, Klyscz T, Schuz K, Stark M, Rassner G, Wilske B, Garbe C (2000) Morphoea is neither associated with features of Borrelia burgdorferi infection, nor is this agent detectable in lesional skin by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Dermatol 143:780–785PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Wienecke R, Schlupen EM, Zochling N, Neubert U, Meurer M, Volkenandt M (1995) No evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in lesions of localized scleroderma. J Invest Dermatol 104:23–26PubMedCrossRef Wienecke R, Schlupen EM, Zochling N, Neubert U, Meurer M, Volkenandt M (1995) No evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi-specific DNA in lesions of localized scleroderma. J Invest Dermatol 104:23–26PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranki A, Aavik E, Peterson P, Schauman K, Nurmilaakso P (1994) Successful amplification of DNA specific for Finnish Borrelia burgdorferi isolates in erythema chronicum migrans but not in circumscribed scleroderma lesions. J Invest Dermatol 102:339–345PubMedCrossRef Ranki A, Aavik E, Peterson P, Schauman K, Nurmilaakso P (1994) Successful amplification of DNA specific for Finnish Borrelia burgdorferi isolates in erythema chronicum migrans but not in circumscribed scleroderma lesions. J Invest Dermatol 102:339–345PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Zulian F, Vallongo C, Woo P, Russo R, Ruperto N, Harper J, Espada G, Corona F, Mukamel M, Vesely R, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Chaitow J, Ros J, Apaz MT, Gerloni V, Mazur-Zielinska H, Nielsen S, Ullman S, Horneff G, Wouters C, Martini G, Cimaz R, Laxer R, Athreya BH, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2005) Localized scleroderma in childhood is not just a skin disease. Arthritis Rheum 52:2873–2881PubMedCrossRef Zulian F, Vallongo C, Woo P, Russo R, Ruperto N, Harper J, Espada G, Corona F, Mukamel M, Vesely R, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Chaitow J, Ros J, Apaz MT, Gerloni V, Mazur-Zielinska H, Nielsen S, Ullman S, Horneff G, Wouters C, Martini G, Cimaz R, Laxer R, Athreya BH, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2005) Localized scleroderma in childhood is not just a skin disease. Arthritis Rheum 52:2873–2881PubMedCrossRef
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Weber P, Ganser G, Frosch M, Roth J, Hulskamp G, Zimmer KP (2000) Twenty-four hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in children and adolescents with scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol 27:2692–2695PubMed Weber P, Ganser G, Frosch M, Roth J, Hulskamp G, Zimmer KP (2000) Twenty-four hour intraesophageal pH monitoring in children and adolescents with scleroderma and mixed connective tissue disease. J Rheumatol 27:2692–2695PubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Nelson SP, Chen EH, Syniar GM, Christoffel KK (2000) Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during childhood: a pediatric practice-based survey. Pediatric Practice Res Group. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:150–154CrossRef Nelson SP, Chen EH, Syniar GM, Christoffel KK (2000) Prevalence of symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux during childhood: a pediatric practice-based survey. Pediatric Practice Res Group. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 154:150–154CrossRef
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Garbe PL, Sondik EJ (2009) Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980–2007. Pediatrics 123(Suppl 3):S131–S145PubMedCrossRef Akinbami LJ, Moorman JE, Garbe PL, Sondik EJ (2009) Status of childhood asthma in the United States, 1980–2007. Pediatrics 123(Suppl 3):S131–S145PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Wozniak J, Dabrowski R, Luczak D, Kwiatkowska M, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Kowalik I, Szwed H (2009) Evaluation of heart rhythm variability and arrhythmia in children with systemic and localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 36:191–196PubMed Wozniak J, Dabrowski R, Luczak D, Kwiatkowska M, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Kowalik I, Szwed H (2009) Evaluation of heart rhythm variability and arrhythmia in children with systemic and localized scleroderma. J Rheumatol 36:191–196PubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Borowiec A, Dabrowski R, Wozniak J, Jasek S, Chwyczko T, Kowalik I, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Szwed H (2011) Cardiovascular assessment of asymptomatic patients with juvenile-onset localized and systemic scleroderma: 10 years prospective observation. Scand J Rheumatol 41:33–38PubMedCrossRef Borowiec A, Dabrowski R, Wozniak J, Jasek S, Chwyczko T, Kowalik I, Musiej-Nowakowska E, Szwed H (2011) Cardiovascular assessment of asymptomatic patients with juvenile-onset localized and systemic scleroderma: 10 years prospective observation. Scand J Rheumatol 41:33–38PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Hayashi M, Ichiki Y, Kitajima Y (2009) Coexistence of recurrent generalized morphea and systemic sclerosis. Acta Derm Venereol 89:329–330PubMedCrossRef Hayashi M, Ichiki Y, Kitajima Y (2009) Coexistence of recurrent generalized morphea and systemic sclerosis. Acta Derm Venereol 89:329–330PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Holzmann H, Schlieter A (1994) Coexistence of morphea and systemic sclerosis. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 189:99CrossRef Holzmann H, Schlieter A (1994) Coexistence of morphea and systemic sclerosis. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 189:99CrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Soma Y, Tamaki T, Kikuchi K, Abe M, Igarashi A, Takehara K, Ishibashi Y (1993) Coexistence of morphea and systemic sclerosis. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 186:103–105CrossRef Soma Y, Tamaki T, Kikuchi K, Abe M, Igarashi A, Takehara K, Ishibashi Y (1993) Coexistence of morphea and systemic sclerosis. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 186:103–105CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Maricq HR (1992) Capillary abnormalities, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and systemic sclerosis in patients with localized scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 128:630–632PubMedCrossRef Maricq HR (1992) Capillary abnormalities, Raynaud’s phenomenon, and systemic sclerosis in patients with localized scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 128:630–632PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Carneiro S, Ramos-e-Silva M, Russi DC, Albuquerque EM, Sousa MA (2011) Coexistence of generalized morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus mimicking systemic disease. Skinmed 9:131–133PubMed Carneiro S, Ramos-e-Silva M, Russi DC, Albuquerque EM, Sousa MA (2011) Coexistence of generalized morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus mimicking systemic disease. Skinmed 9:131–133PubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Fain ET, Mannion M, Pope E, Young DW, Laxer RM, Cron RQ, Brain cavernomas associated with en coup de sabre linear scleroderma (2011) Two case reports. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 9:18PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Fain ET, Mannion M, Pope E, Young DW, Laxer RM, Cron RQ, Brain cavernomas associated with en coup de sabre linear scleroderma (2011) Two case reports. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 9:18PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Zannin ME, Martini G, Athreya BH, Russo R, Higgins G, Vittadello F, Alpigiani MG, Alessio M, Paradisi M, Woo P, Zulian F, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2007) Ocular involvement in children with localised scleroderma: a multi-centre study. Br J Ophthalmol 91:1311–1314PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Zannin ME, Martini G, Athreya BH, Russo R, Higgins G, Vittadello F, Alpigiani MG, Alessio M, Paradisi M, Woo P, Zulian F, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2007) Ocular involvement in children with localised scleroderma: a multi-centre study. Br J Ophthalmol 91:1311–1314PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Martini G, Foeldvari I, Russo R, Cuttica R, Eberhard A, Ravelli A, Lehman TJ, de Oliveira SK, Susic G, Lyskina G, Nemcova D, Sundel R, Falcini F, Girschick H, Lotito AP, Buoncompagni A, Sztajnbok F, Al-Mayouf SM, Orban I, Ferri C, Athreya BH, Woo P, Zulian F, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2006) Systemic sclerosis in childhood: clinical and immunologic features of 153 patients in an international database. Arthritis Rheum 54:3971–3978PubMedCrossRef Martini G, Foeldvari I, Russo R, Cuttica R, Eberhard A, Ravelli A, Lehman TJ, de Oliveira SK, Susic G, Lyskina G, Nemcova D, Sundel R, Falcini F, Girschick H, Lotito AP, Buoncompagni A, Sztajnbok F, Al-Mayouf SM, Orban I, Ferri C, Athreya BH, Woo P, Zulian F, Juvenile Scleroderma Working Group of the Pediatric Rheumatology European S (2006) Systemic sclerosis in childhood: clinical and immunologic features of 153 patients in an international database. Arthritis Rheum 54:3971–3978PubMedCrossRef
72.
73.
Zurück zum Zitat You KH, Baik HS (2011) Orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Parry–Romberg syndrome. J Craniofac Surg 22:970–973PubMedCrossRef You KH, Baik HS (2011) Orthopedic and orthodontic treatment of Parry–Romberg syndrome. J Craniofac Surg 22:970–973PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Vig PS, Vig KW (1986) Hybrid appliances: a component approach to dentofacial orthopedics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 90:273–285CrossRef Vig PS, Vig KW (1986) Hybrid appliances: a component approach to dentofacial orthopedics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 90:273–285CrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Grippaudo C, Deli R, Grippaudo FR, Di Cuia T, Paradisi M (2004) Management of craniofacial development in the Parry–Romberg syndrome: report of two patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 41:95–104PubMedCrossRef Grippaudo C, Deli R, Grippaudo FR, Di Cuia T, Paradisi M (2004) Management of craniofacial development in the Parry–Romberg syndrome: report of two patients. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 41:95–104PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Tzaribachev N, Fritz J, Horger M (2009) Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging appearances of juvenile temporomandibular joints (TMJ) in non-rheumatic children. Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden: 1987) 50:1182–1186CrossRef Tzaribachev N, Fritz J, Horger M (2009) Spectrum of magnetic resonance imaging appearances of juvenile temporomandibular joints (TMJ) in non-rheumatic children. Acta Radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden: 1987) 50:1182–1186CrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Stoll ML, Guleria S, Mannion ML, Young DW, Royal SA, Cron RQ, Vaid YN (2018) Defining the normal appearance of the temporomandibular joints by magnetic resonance imaging with contrast: a comparative study of children with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 16:8PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Stoll ML, Guleria S, Mannion ML, Young DW, Royal SA, Cron RQ, Vaid YN (2018) Defining the normal appearance of the temporomandibular joints by magnetic resonance imaging with contrast: a comparative study of children with and without juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 16:8PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Zulian F, Meneghesso D, Grisan E, Vittadello F, Belloni Fortina A, Pigozzi B, Frigo AC, Martini G, Ruggeri A (2007) A new computerized method for the assessment of skin lesions in localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 46:856–860CrossRef Zulian F, Meneghesso D, Grisan E, Vittadello F, Belloni Fortina A, Pigozzi B, Frigo AC, Martini G, Ruggeri A (2007) A new computerized method for the assessment of skin lesions in localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 46:856–860CrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Poff S, Li SC, Kelsey CE, Foeldvari I, Torok KS (2016) Durometry as an outcome measure in juvenile localized scleroderma. Br J Dermatol 174:228–230PubMedCrossRef Poff S, Li SC, Kelsey CE, Foeldvari I, Torok KS (2016) Durometry as an outcome measure in juvenile localized scleroderma. Br J Dermatol 174:228–230PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Li SC, Liebling MS (2009) The use of Doppler ultrasound to evaluate lesions of localized scleroderma. Curr Rheumatol Rep 11:205–211PubMedCrossRef Li SC, Liebling MS (2009) The use of Doppler ultrasound to evaluate lesions of localized scleroderma. Curr Rheumatol Rep 11:205–211PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Li SC, Liebling MS, Haines KA (2007) Ultrasonography is a sensitive tool for monitoring localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 46:1316–1319CrossRef Li SC, Liebling MS, Haines KA (2007) Ultrasonography is a sensitive tool for monitoring localized scleroderma. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 46:1316–1319CrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Li SC, Liebling MS, Haines KA, Weiss JE, Prann A (2011) Initial evaluation of an ultrasound measure for assessing the activity of skin lesions in juvenile localized scleroderma. Arthritis Care Res 63:735–742CrossRef Li SC, Liebling MS, Haines KA, Weiss JE, Prann A (2011) Initial evaluation of an ultrasound measure for assessing the activity of skin lesions in juvenile localized scleroderma. Arthritis Care Res 63:735–742CrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Weibel L, Howell KJ, Visentin MT, Rudiger A, Denton CP, Zulian F, Woo P, Harper JI (2007) Laser Doppler flowmetry for assessing localized scleroderma in children. Arthritis Rheum 56:3489–3495PubMedCrossRef Weibel L, Howell KJ, Visentin MT, Rudiger A, Denton CP, Zulian F, Woo P, Harper JI (2007) Laser Doppler flowmetry for assessing localized scleroderma in children. Arthritis Rheum 56:3489–3495PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Boers M, Brooks P, Strand CV, Tugwell P (1998) The OMERACT filter for outcome measures in rheumatology. J Rheumatol 25:198–199PubMed Boers M, Brooks P, Strand CV, Tugwell P (1998) The OMERACT filter for outcome measures in rheumatology. J Rheumatol 25:198–199PubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Cunningham BB, Landells ID, Langman C, Sailer DE, Paller AS (1998) Topical calcipotriene for morphea/linear scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 39:211–215PubMedCrossRef Cunningham BB, Landells ID, Langman C, Sailer DE, Paller AS (1998) Topical calcipotriene for morphea/linear scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 39:211–215PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Pope JE, Baron M, Bellamy N, Campbell J, Carette S, Chalmers I, Dales P, Hanly J, Kaminska EA, Lee P et al (1995) Variability of skin scores and clinical measurements in scleroderma. J Rheumatol 22:1271–1276PubMed Pope JE, Baron M, Bellamy N, Campbell J, Carette S, Chalmers I, Dales P, Hanly J, Kaminska EA, Lee P et al (1995) Variability of skin scores and clinical measurements in scleroderma. J Rheumatol 22:1271–1276PubMed
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Arkachaisri T, Vilaiyuk S, Li S, O'Neil KM, Pope E, Higgins GC, Punaro M, Rabinovich EC, Rosenkranz M, Kietz DA, Rosen P, Spalding SJ, Hennon TR, Torok KS, Cassidy E, Medsger TA Jr, Localized Scleroderma C, Ultrasound Study G (2009) The localized scleroderma skin severity index and physician global assessment of disease activity: a work in progress toward development of localized scleroderma outcome measures. J Rheumatol 36:2819–2829PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Arkachaisri T, Vilaiyuk S, Li S, O'Neil KM, Pope E, Higgins GC, Punaro M, Rabinovich EC, Rosenkranz M, Kietz DA, Rosen P, Spalding SJ, Hennon TR, Torok KS, Cassidy E, Medsger TA Jr, Localized Scleroderma C, Ultrasound Study G (2009) The localized scleroderma skin severity index and physician global assessment of disease activity: a work in progress toward development of localized scleroderma outcome measures. J Rheumatol 36:2819–2829PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Torok KS, Arkachaisri T (2012) Methotrexate and corticosteroids in the treatment of localized scleroderma: a standardized prospective longitudinal single-center study. J Rheumatol 39:286–294PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Torok KS, Arkachaisri T (2012) Methotrexate and corticosteroids in the treatment of localized scleroderma: a standardized prospective longitudinal single-center study. J Rheumatol 39:286–294PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Kelsey CE, Torok KS (2013) The localized scleroderma cutaneous assessment tool: responsiveness to change in a pediatric clinical population. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:214–220PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Kelsey CE, Torok KS (2013) The localized scleroderma cutaneous assessment tool: responsiveness to change in a pediatric clinical population. J Am Acad Dermatol 69:214–220PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Arkachaisri T, Vilaiyuk S, Torok KS, Medsger TA Jr Development and initial validation of the localized scleroderma skin damage index and physician global assessment of disease damage: a proof-of-concept study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 49:373–381 Arkachaisri T, Vilaiyuk S, Torok KS, Medsger TA Jr Development and initial validation of the localized scleroderma skin damage index and physician global assessment of disease damage: a proof-of-concept study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 49:373–381
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Lewis-Jones MS, Finlay AY (1995) The Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI): initial validation and practical use. Br J Dermatol 132:942–949PubMedCrossRef Lewis-Jones MS, Finlay AY (1995) The Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI): initial validation and practical use. Br J Dermatol 132:942–949PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Li SC, Feldman BM, Higgins GC, Haines KA, Punaro MG, O'Neil KM (2010) Treatment of pediatric localized scleroderma: results of a survey of North American pediatric rheumatologists. J Rheumatol 37:175–181PubMedCrossRef Li SC, Feldman BM, Higgins GC, Haines KA, Punaro MG, O'Neil KM (2010) Treatment of pediatric localized scleroderma: results of a survey of North American pediatric rheumatologists. J Rheumatol 37:175–181PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreuter A, Gambichler T, Avermaete A, Jansen T, Hoffmann M, Hoffmann K, Altmeyer P, von Kobyletzki G, Bacharach-Buhles M (2001) Combined treatment with calcipotriol ointment and low-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in childhood morphea. Pediatr Dermatol 18:241–245PubMedCrossRef Kreuter A, Gambichler T, Avermaete A, Jansen T, Hoffmann M, Hoffmann K, Altmeyer P, von Kobyletzki G, Bacharach-Buhles M (2001) Combined treatment with calcipotriol ointment and low-dose ultraviolet A1 phototherapy in childhood morphea. Pediatr Dermatol 18:241–245PubMedCrossRef
94.
Zurück zum Zitat Zwischenberger BA, Jacobe HT (2011) A systematic review of morphea treatments and therapeutic algorithm. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:925–941PubMedCrossRef Zwischenberger BA, Jacobe HT (2011) A systematic review of morphea treatments and therapeutic algorithm. J Am Acad Dermatol 65:925–941PubMedCrossRef
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Dytoc MT, Kossintseva I, Ting PT (2007) First case series on the use of calcipotriol-betamethasone dipropionate for morphoea. Br J Dermatol 157:615–618PubMedCrossRef Dytoc MT, Kossintseva I, Ting PT (2007) First case series on the use of calcipotriol-betamethasone dipropionate for morphoea. Br J Dermatol 157:615–618PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Mancuso G, Berdondini RM (2005) Localized scleroderma: response to occlusive treatment with tacrolimus ointment. Br J Dermatol 152:180–182PubMedCrossRef Mancuso G, Berdondini RM (2005) Localized scleroderma: response to occlusive treatment with tacrolimus ointment. Br J Dermatol 152:180–182PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Dytoc M, Ting PT, Man J, Sawyer D, Fiorillo L (2005) First case series on the use of imiquimod for morphoea. Br J Dermatol 153:815–820PubMedCrossRef Dytoc M, Ting PT, Man J, Sawyer D, Fiorillo L (2005) First case series on the use of imiquimod for morphoea. Br J Dermatol 153:815–820PubMedCrossRef
98.
Zurück zum Zitat Pope E, Doria AS, Theriault M, Mohanta A, Laxer RM (2011) Topical imiquimod 5% cream for pediatric plaque morphea: a prospective, multiple-baseline, open-label pilot study. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 223:363–369CrossRef Pope E, Doria AS, Theriault M, Mohanta A, Laxer RM (2011) Topical imiquimod 5% cream for pediatric plaque morphea: a prospective, multiple-baseline, open-label pilot study. Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 223:363–369CrossRef
99.
Zurück zum Zitat Fett N, Werth VP Update on morphea: part II. Outcome measures and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 64:231–242 quiz 243–234 Fett N, Werth VP Update on morphea: part II. Outcome measures and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol 64:231–242 quiz 243–234
100.
Zurück zum Zitat Kreuter A, Hyun J, Stucker M, Sommer A, Altmeyer P, Gambichler T (2006) A randomized controlled study of low-dose UVA1, medium-dose UVA1, and narrowband UVB phototherapy in the treatment of localized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:440–447PubMedCrossRef Kreuter A, Hyun J, Stucker M, Sommer A, Altmeyer P, Gambichler T (2006) A randomized controlled study of low-dose UVA1, medium-dose UVA1, and narrowband UVB phototherapy in the treatment of localized scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 54:440–447PubMedCrossRef
101.
Zurück zum Zitat Vilela FA, Carneiro S, Ramos-e-Silva M Treatment of morphea or localized scleroderma: review of the literature. J Drugs Dermatol: JDD 9:1213–1219 Vilela FA, Carneiro S, Ramos-e-Silva M Treatment of morphea or localized scleroderma: review of the literature. J Drugs Dermatol: JDD 9:1213–1219
102.
Zurück zum Zitat Zulian F, Martini G, Vallongo C, Vittadello F, Falcini F, Patrizi A, Alessio M, La Torre F, Podda RA, Gerloni V, Cutrone M, Belloni-Fortina A, Paradisi M, Martino S, Perilongo G (2011) Methotrexate treatment in juvenile localized scleroderma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 63:1998–2006PubMedCrossRef Zulian F, Martini G, Vallongo C, Vittadello F, Falcini F, Patrizi A, Alessio M, La Torre F, Podda RA, Gerloni V, Cutrone M, Belloni-Fortina A, Paradisi M, Martino S, Perilongo G (2011) Methotrexate treatment in juvenile localized scleroderma: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arthritis Rheum 63:1998–2006PubMedCrossRef
103.
Zurück zum Zitat Weibel L, Sampaio MC, Visentin MT, Howell KJ, Woo P, Harper JI (2006) Evaluation of methotrexate and corticosteroids for the treatment of localized scleroderma (morphoea) in children. Br J Dermatol 155:1013–1020PubMedCrossRef Weibel L, Sampaio MC, Visentin MT, Howell KJ, Woo P, Harper JI (2006) Evaluation of methotrexate and corticosteroids for the treatment of localized scleroderma (morphoea) in children. Br J Dermatol 155:1013–1020PubMedCrossRef
104.
Zurück zum Zitat Saxton-Daniels S, Jacobe HT An evaluation of long-term outcomes in adults with pediatric-onset morphea. Arch Dermatol 146:1044–1045 Saxton-Daniels S, Jacobe HT An evaluation of long-term outcomes in adults with pediatric-onset morphea. Arch Dermatol 146:1044–1045
105.
Zurück zum Zitat Martini G, Ramanan AV, Falcini F, Girschick H, Goldsmith DP, Zulian F (2009) Successful treatment of severe or methotrexate-resistant juvenile localized scleroderma with mycophenolate mofetil. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 48:1410–1413CrossRef Martini G, Ramanan AV, Falcini F, Girschick H, Goldsmith DP, Zulian F (2009) Successful treatment of severe or methotrexate-resistant juvenile localized scleroderma with mycophenolate mofetil. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 48:1410–1413CrossRef
106.
Zurück zum Zitat Stausbol-Gron B, Olesen AB, Deleuran B, Deleuran MS (2011) Abatacept is a promising treatment for patients with disseminated morphea profunda: presentation of two cases. Acta Derm Venereol 91:686–688PubMedCrossRef Stausbol-Gron B, Olesen AB, Deleuran B, Deleuran MS (2011) Abatacept is a promising treatment for patients with disseminated morphea profunda: presentation of two cases. Acta Derm Venereol 91:686–688PubMedCrossRef
107.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez Crespo M, Betlloch Mas I, Mataix Diaz J, Lucas Costa A, Ballester Nortes I (2009) Rapid response to cyclosporine and maintenance with methotrexate in linear scleroderma in a young girl. Pediatr Dermatol 26:118–120PubMedCrossRef Perez Crespo M, Betlloch Mas I, Mataix Diaz J, Lucas Costa A, Ballester Nortes I (2009) Rapid response to cyclosporine and maintenance with methotrexate in linear scleroderma in a young girl. Pediatr Dermatol 26:118–120PubMedCrossRef
108.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferguson ID, Weiser P, Torok KS (2015) A case report of successful treatment of recalcitrant childhood localized scleroderma with infliximab and leflunomide. Open Rheumatol J 9:30–35PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Ferguson ID, Weiser P, Torok KS (2015) A case report of successful treatment of recalcitrant childhood localized scleroderma with infliximab and leflunomide. Open Rheumatol J 9:30–35PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
109.
Zurück zum Zitat Heiligenhaus A, Michels H, Schumacher C, Kopp I, Neudorf U, Niehues T, Baus H, Becker M, Bertram B, Dannecker G, Deuter C, Foeldvari I, Frosch M, Ganser G, Gaubitz M, Gerdes G, Horneff G, Illhardt A, Mackensen F, Minden K, Pleyer U, Schneider M, Wagner N, Zierhut M (2012) Evidence-based, interdisciplinary guidelines for anti-inflammatory treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 32:1121–1133PubMedCrossRef Heiligenhaus A, Michels H, Schumacher C, Kopp I, Neudorf U, Niehues T, Baus H, Becker M, Bertram B, Dannecker G, Deuter C, Foeldvari I, Frosch M, Ganser G, Gaubitz M, Gerdes G, Horneff G, Illhardt A, Mackensen F, Minden K, Pleyer U, Schneider M, Wagner N, Zierhut M (2012) Evidence-based, interdisciplinary guidelines for anti-inflammatory treatment of uveitis associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 32:1121–1133PubMedCrossRef
110.
Zurück zum Zitat Ivan Foeldvari JA, Friswell M, Bica B, de Inocencio J, Aquilani A, Helmus N (2017) Tocilizumab is a promising treatment option for therapy resistant juvenile localized scleroderma patients. J Scleroderma Relat Disord 2:203–207CrossRef Ivan Foeldvari JA, Friswell M, Bica B, de Inocencio J, Aquilani A, Helmus N (2017) Tocilizumab is a promising treatment option for therapy resistant juvenile localized scleroderma patients. J Scleroderma Relat Disord 2:203–207CrossRef
111.
Zurück zum Zitat Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, Kalogeropoulou C, Kazantzi A, Sirinian C, Karampetsou M, Yiannopoulos G, Andonopoulos AP (2010) Experience with rituximab in scleroderma: results from a 1-year, proof-of-principle study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 49:271–280CrossRef Daoussis D, Liossis SN, Tsamandas AC, Kalogeropoulou C, Kazantzi A, Sirinian C, Karampetsou M, Yiannopoulos G, Andonopoulos AP (2010) Experience with rituximab in scleroderma: results from a 1-year, proof-of-principle study. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 49:271–280CrossRef
112.
Zurück zum Zitat Torok KS (2012) Pediatric scleroderma: systemic or localized forms. Pediatr Clin N Am 59:381–405CrossRef Torok KS (2012) Pediatric scleroderma: systemic or localized forms. Pediatr Clin N Am 59:381–405CrossRef
113.
Zurück zum Zitat Palmero ML, Uziel Y, Laxer RM, Forrest CR, Pope E (2010) En coup de sabre scleroderma and Parry–Romberg syndrome in adolescents: surgical options and patient-related outcomes. J Rheumatol 37:2174–2179PubMedCrossRef Palmero ML, Uziel Y, Laxer RM, Forrest CR, Pope E (2010) En coup de sabre scleroderma and Parry–Romberg syndrome in adolescents: surgical options and patient-related outcomes. J Rheumatol 37:2174–2179PubMedCrossRef
114.
Zurück zum Zitat Sautereau N, Daumas A, Truillet R, Jouve E, Magalon J, Veran J, Casanova D, Frances Y, Magalon G, Granel B (2016) Efficacy of autologous microfat graft on facial handicap in systemic sclerosis patients. Plastic Reconstr Surg Global Open 4:e660CrossRef Sautereau N, Daumas A, Truillet R, Jouve E, Magalon J, Veran J, Casanova D, Frances Y, Magalon G, Granel B (2016) Efficacy of autologous microfat graft on facial handicap in systemic sclerosis patients. Plastic Reconstr Surg Global Open 4:e660CrossRef
115.
Zurück zum Zitat Magalon J, Daumas A, Veran J, Magalon G, Rossi P, Granel B, Sabatier F (2015) Autologous adipose tissue-derived cells: are we talking about adipose derived stem cells, stromal vascular fraction, or Coleman fat grafting? Cell Transplant 24:2667–2668PubMedCrossRef Magalon J, Daumas A, Veran J, Magalon G, Rossi P, Granel B, Sabatier F (2015) Autologous adipose tissue-derived cells: are we talking about adipose derived stem cells, stromal vascular fraction, or Coleman fat grafting? Cell Transplant 24:2667–2668PubMedCrossRef
116.
Zurück zum Zitat Dueckers G, Guellac N, Arbogast M, Dannecker G, Foeldvari I, Frosch M, Ganser G, Heiligenhaus A, Horneff G, Illhardt A, Kopp I, Krauspe R, Markus B, Michels H, Schneider M, Singendonk W, Sitter H, Spamer M, Wagner N, Niehues T (2012) Evidence and consensus based GKJR guidelines for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Immunol 142:176–193PubMedCrossRef Dueckers G, Guellac N, Arbogast M, Dannecker G, Foeldvari I, Frosch M, Ganser G, Heiligenhaus A, Horneff G, Illhardt A, Kopp I, Krauspe R, Markus B, Michels H, Schneider M, Singendonk W, Sitter H, Spamer M, Wagner N, Niehues T (2012) Evidence and consensus based GKJR guidelines for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Immunol 142:176–193PubMedCrossRef
117.
Zurück zum Zitat Zulian F, Vallongo C, Patrizi A, Belloni-Fortina A, Cutrone M, Alessio M, Martino S, Gerloni V, Vittadello F, Martini G (2012) A long-term follow-up study of methotrexate in juvenile localized scleroderma (morphea). J Am Acad Dermatol 67:1151–1156PubMedCrossRef Zulian F, Vallongo C, Patrizi A, Belloni-Fortina A, Cutrone M, Alessio M, Martino S, Gerloni V, Vittadello F, Martini G (2012) A long-term follow-up study of methotrexate in juvenile localized scleroderma (morphea). J Am Acad Dermatol 67:1151–1156PubMedCrossRef
118.
Zurück zum Zitat Martini G, Murray KJ, Howell KJ, Harper J, Atherton D, Woo P, Zulian F, Black CM (2002) Juvenile-onset localized scleroderma activity detection by infrared thermography. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 41:1178–1182CrossRef Martini G, Murray KJ, Howell KJ, Harper J, Atherton D, Woo P, Zulian F, Black CM (2002) Juvenile-onset localized scleroderma activity detection by infrared thermography. Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 41:1178–1182CrossRef
119.
Zurück zum Zitat Adeeb F, Anjum S, Hodnett P, Kashif A, Brady M, Morrissey S, Devlin J, Fraser AD (2017) Early- and late-stage morphea subtypes with deep tissue involvement is treatable with abatacept (Orencia). Semin Arthritis Rheum 46:775–781 Adeeb F, Anjum S, Hodnett P, Kashif A, Brady M, Morrissey S, Devlin J, Fraser AD (2017) Early- and late-stage morphea subtypes with deep tissue involvement is treatable with abatacept (Orencia). Semin Arthritis Rheum 46:775–781
Metadaten
Titel
Development of minimum standards of care for juvenile localized scleroderma
verfasst von
Tamás Constantin
Ivan Foeldvari
Clare E. Pain
Annamária Pálinkás
Peter Höger
Monika Moll
Dana Nemkova
Lisa Weibel
Melinda Laczkovszki
Philip Clements
Kathryn S. Torok
Publikationsdatum
04.05.2018
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
European Journal of Pediatrics / Ausgabe 7/2018
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-018-3144-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2018

European Journal of Pediatrics 7/2018 Zur Ausgabe

Alter der Mutter beeinflusst Risiko für kongenitale Anomalie

28.05.2024 Kinder- und Jugendgynäkologie Nachrichten

Welchen Einfluss das Alter ihrer Mutter auf das Risiko hat, dass Kinder mit nicht chromosomal bedingter Malformation zur Welt kommen, hat eine ungarische Studie untersucht. Sie zeigt: Nicht nur fortgeschrittenes Alter ist riskant.

Begünstigt Bettruhe der Mutter doch das fetale Wachstum?

Ob ungeborene Kinder, die kleiner als die meisten Gleichaltrigen sind, schneller wachsen, wenn die Mutter sich mehr ausruht, wird diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse einer US-Studie sprechen dafür.

Bei Amblyopie früher abkleben als bisher empfohlen?

22.05.2024 Fehlsichtigkeit Nachrichten

Bei Amblyopie ist das frühzeitige Abkleben des kontralateralen Auges in den meisten Fällen wohl effektiver als der Therapiestandard mit zunächst mehrmonatigem Brilletragen.

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

17.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Sie sei „ethisch geboten“, meint Gesundheitsminister Karl Lauterbach: mehr Transparenz über die Qualität von Klinikbehandlungen. Um sie abzubilden, lässt er gegen den Widerstand vieler Länder einen virtuellen Klinik-Atlas freischalten.

Update Pädiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.