Bacterial and fungal superinfections in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Zurück zum Zitat Ibn Saied W, Souweine B, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Ruckly S, Darmon M, Bailly S, Cohen Y, Azoulay E, Schwebel C, Radjou A, Kallel H, Adrie C, Dumenil AS, Argaud L, Marcotte G, Jamali S, Papazian L, Goldgran-Toledano D, Bouadma L, Timsit JF, Group Os (2017) Respective impact of implementation of prevention strategies, colonization with multiresistant bacteria and antimicrobial use on the risk of early- and late-onset VAP: an analysis of the OUTCOMEREA network. PLoS One 12:e0187791CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Ibn Saied W, Souweine B, Garrouste-Orgeas M, Ruckly S, Darmon M, Bailly S, Cohen Y, Azoulay E, Schwebel C, Radjou A, Kallel H, Adrie C, Dumenil AS, Argaud L, Marcotte G, Jamali S, Papazian L, Goldgran-Toledano D, Bouadma L, Timsit JF, Group Os (2017) Respective impact of implementation of prevention strategies, colonization with multiresistant bacteria and antimicrobial use on the risk of early- and late-onset VAP: an analysis of the OUTCOMEREA network. PLoS One 12:e0187791CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Micek ST, Hampton N, Kollef M (2018) Risk factors and outcomes for ineffective empiric treatment of sepsis caused by gram-negative pathogens: stratification by onset of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62(1):e01577–17 Micek ST, Hampton N, Kollef M (2018) Risk factors and outcomes for ineffective empiric treatment of sepsis caused by gram-negative pathogens: stratification by onset of infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 62(1):e01577–17

Zurück zum Zitat Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS (2020) Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 81(2):266–275CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lansbury L, Lim B, Baskaran V, Lim WS (2020) Co-infections in people with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect 81(2):266–275CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Rawson TM, Moore LSP, Zhu N, Ranganathan N, Skolimowska K, Gilchrist M, Satta G, Cooke G, Holmes A (2020) Bacterial and fungal co-infection in individuals with coronavirus: a rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa530CrossRefPubMed Rawson TM, Moore LSP, Zhu N, Ranganathan N, Skolimowska K, Gilchrist M, Satta G, Cooke G, Holmes A (2020) Bacterial and fungal co-infection in individuals with coronavirus: a rapid review to support COVID-19 antimicrobial prescribing. Clin Infect Dis. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​cid/​ciaa530CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Grecchi C, Rebuffi C, Zuccaro V, Scudeller L, Investigators F (2020) Performance of existing definitions and tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill, adult patients: a systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis. J Infect 81:131–146CrossRefPubMed Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Grecchi C, Rebuffi C, Zuccaro V, Scudeller L, Investigators F (2020) Performance of existing definitions and tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill, adult patients: a systematic review with qualitative evidence synthesis. J Infect 81:131–146CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Giacobbe DR, Battaglini D, Ball L, Brunetti I, Bruzzone B, Codda G, Crea F, De Maria A, Dentone C, Di Biagio A, Icardi G, Magnasco L, Marchese A, Mikulska M, Orsi A, Patroniti N, Robba C, Signori A, Taramasso L, Vena A, Pelosi P, Bassetti M (2020) Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Eur J Clin Investig. https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13319CrossRef Giacobbe DR, Battaglini D, Ball L, Brunetti I, Bruzzone B, Codda G, Crea F, De Maria A, Dentone C, Di Biagio A, Icardi G, Magnasco L, Marchese A, Mikulska M, Orsi A, Patroniti N, Robba C, Signori A, Taramasso L, Vena A, Pelosi P, Bassetti M (2020) Bloodstream infections in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Eur J Clin Investig. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​eci.​13319CrossRef

Zurück zum Zitat Hughes S, Troise O, Donaldson H, Mughal N, Moore LS (2020) Bacterial and fungal coinfection among hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in a UK secondary care setting. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.025CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hughes S, Troise O, Donaldson H, Mughal N, Moore LS (2020) Bacterial and fungal coinfection among hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study in a UK secondary care setting. Clin Microbiol Infect. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​cmi.​2020.​06.​025CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, Cereda D, Coluccello A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Latronico N, Lorini L, Merler S, Natalini G, Piatti A, Ranieri MV, Scandroglio AM, Storti E, Cecconi M, Pesenti A, Network C-LI, Nailescu A, Corona A, Zangrillo A, Protti A, Albertin A, Forastieri Molinari A, Lombardo A, Pezzi A, Benini A, Scandroglio AM, Malara A, Castelli A, Coluccello A, Micucci A, Pesenti A, Sala A, Alborghetti A, Antonini B, Capra C, Troiano C, Roscitano C, Radrizzani D, Chiumello D, Coppini D, Guzzon D, Costantini E, Malpetti E, Zoia E, Catena E, Agosteo E, Barbara E, Beretta E, Boselli E, Storti E, Harizay F, Della Mura F, Lorini FL, Donato Sigurta F, Marino F, Mojoli F, Rasulo F, Grasselli G, Casella G, De Filippi G, Castelli G, Aldegheri G, Gallioli G, Lotti G, Albano G, Landoni G, Marino G, Vitale G, Battista Perego G, Evasi G, Citerio G, Foti G, Natalini G, Merli G, Sforzini I, Bianciardi L, Carnevale L, Grazioli L, Cabrini L, Guatteri L, Salvi L, Dei Poli M, Galletti M, Gemma M, Ranucci M, Riccio M, Borelli M, Zambon M, Subert M, Cecconi M, Mazzoni MG, Raimondi M, Panigada M, Belliato M, Bronzini N, Latronico N, Petrucci N, Belgiorno N, Tagliabue P, Cortellazzi P, Gnesin P, Grosso P, Gritti P, Perazzo P, Severgnini P, Ruggeri P, Sebastiano P, Covello RD, Fernandez-Olmos R, Fumagalli R, Keim R, Rona R, Valsecchi R, Cattaneo S, Colombo S, Cirri S, Bonazzi S, Greco S, Muttini S, Langer T, Alaimo V, Viola U (2020) Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region. Italy. JAMA 323(16):1574–1581CrossRefPubMed Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, Cereda D, Coluccello A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Latronico N, Lorini L, Merler S, Natalini G, Piatti A, Ranieri MV, Scandroglio AM, Storti E, Cecconi M, Pesenti A, Network C-LI, Nailescu A, Corona A, Zangrillo A, Protti A, Albertin A, Forastieri Molinari A, Lombardo A, Pezzi A, Benini A, Scandroglio AM, Malara A, Castelli A, Coluccello A, Micucci A, Pesenti A, Sala A, Alborghetti A, Antonini B, Capra C, Troiano C, Roscitano C, Radrizzani D, Chiumello D, Coppini D, Guzzon D, Costantini E, Malpetti E, Zoia E, Catena E, Agosteo E, Barbara E, Beretta E, Boselli E, Storti E, Harizay F, Della Mura F, Lorini FL, Donato Sigurta F, Marino F, Mojoli F, Rasulo F, Grasselli G, Casella G, De Filippi G, Castelli G, Aldegheri G, Gallioli G, Lotti G, Albano G, Landoni G, Marino G, Vitale G, Battista Perego G, Evasi G, Citerio G, Foti G, Natalini G, Merli G, Sforzini I, Bianciardi L, Carnevale L, Grazioli L, Cabrini L, Guatteri L, Salvi L, Dei Poli M, Galletti M, Gemma M, Ranucci M, Riccio M, Borelli M, Zambon M, Subert M, Cecconi M, Mazzoni MG, Raimondi M, Panigada M, Belliato M, Bronzini N, Latronico N, Petrucci N, Belgiorno N, Tagliabue P, Cortellazzi P, Gnesin P, Grosso P, Gritti P, Perazzo P, Severgnini P, Ruggeri P, Sebastiano P, Covello RD, Fernandez-Olmos R, Fumagalli R, Keim R, Rona R, Valsecchi R, Cattaneo S, Colombo S, Cirri S, Bonazzi S, Greco S, Muttini S, Langer T, Alaimo V, Viola U (2020) Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region. Italy. JAMA 323(16):1574–1581CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, van de Veerdonk FL, Jenks JD, Koehler P, Krause R, Cornely OA, Perlin DS, Lass-Flörl C, Hoenigl M (2020) COVID-19 Associated pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA)-from immunology to treatment. J Fungi (Basel, Switz) 6(2):91 Arastehfar A, Carvalho A, van de Veerdonk FL, Jenks JD, Koehler P, Krause R, Cornely OA, Perlin DS, Lass-Flörl C, Hoenigl M (2020) COVID-19 Associated pulmonary Aspergillosis (CAPA)-from immunology to treatment. J Fungi (Basel, Switz) 6(2):91

Zurück zum Zitat Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson J, Mafham M, Bell J, Linsell L, Staplin N, Brightling C, Ustianowski A, Elmahi E, Prudon B, Green C, Felton T, Chadwick D, Rege K, Fegan C, Chappell LC, Faust SN, Jaki T, Jeffery K, Montgomery A, Rowan K, Juszczak E, Baillie JK, Haynes R, Landray MJ (2020) Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report. N Engl J Med. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2021436CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Horby P, Lim WS, Emberson J, Mafham M, Bell J, Linsell L, Staplin N, Brightling C, Ustianowski A, Elmahi E, Prudon B, Green C, Felton T, Chadwick D, Rege K, Fegan C, Chappell LC, Faust SN, Jaki T, Jeffery K, Montgomery A, Rowan K, Juszczak E, Baillie JK, Haynes R, Landray MJ (2020) Effect of dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: preliminary report. N Engl J Med. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1056/​NEJMoa2021436CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Verweij PE, Rijnders BJA, Bruggemann RJM, Azoulay E, Bassetti M, Blot S, Calandra T, Clancy CJ, Cornely OA, Chiller T, Depuydt P, Giacobbe DR, Janssen NAF, Kullberg BJ, Lagrou K, Lass-Florl C, Lewis RE, Liu PW, Lortholary O, Maertens J, Martin-Loeches I, Nguyen MH, Patterson TF, Rogers TR, Schouten JA, Spriet I, Vanderbeke L, Wauters J, van de Veerdonk FL (2020) Review of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients and proposal for a case definition: an expert opinion. Intensive Care Med 46:1524–1535 Verweij PE, Rijnders BJA, Bruggemann RJM, Azoulay E, Bassetti M, Blot S, Calandra T, Clancy CJ, Cornely OA, Chiller T, Depuydt P, Giacobbe DR, Janssen NAF, Kullberg BJ, Lagrou K, Lass-Florl C, Lewis RE, Liu PW, Lortholary O, Maertens J, Martin-Loeches I, Nguyen MH, Patterson TF, Rogers TR, Schouten JA, Spriet I, Vanderbeke L, Wauters J, van de Veerdonk FL (2020) Review of influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in ICU patients and proposal for a case definition: an expert opinion. Intensive Care Med 46:1524–1535

Zurück zum Zitat Verweij PE, Gangneux J-P, Bassetti M, Brüggemann RJM, Cornely OA, Koehler P, Lass-Flörl C, van de Veerdonk FL, Chakrabarti A, Hoenigl M (2020) Diagnosing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Lancet Microbe 1:e53–e55CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Verweij PE, Gangneux J-P, Bassetti M, Brüggemann RJM, Cornely OA, Koehler P, Lass-Flörl C, van de Veerdonk FL, Chakrabarti A, Hoenigl M (2020) Diagnosing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. Lancet Microbe 1:e53–e55CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Zurück zum Zitat Bassetti M, Scudeller L, Giacobbe DR, Lamoth F, Righi E, Zuccaro V, Grecchi C, Rebuffi C, Akova M, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arikan-Akdagli S, Azoulay E, Blot SI, Cornely OA, Lass-Florl C, Koehler P, Cuenca-Estrella M, de Lange DW, De Rosa FG, De Waele JJ, Dimopoulos G, Garnacho-Montero J, Hoenigl M, Kanj SS, Maertens J, Martin-Loeches I, Munoz P, Kullberg BJ, Agvald-Ohman C, Poulakou G, Rello J, Sanguinetti M, Taccone FS, Timsit JF, Torres A, Vazquez JA, Calandra T, From the Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill P, The Fungal Infection Study Group of the European Society of Clinical M, Infectious D, European Society of Intensive Care M, European Confederation of Medical M, Mycoses Study Group E, Research C (2019) Developing definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units. Protocol of the FUNgal infections definitions in ICU patients (FUNDICU) project. Mycoses 62:310–319CrossRefPubMed Bassetti M, Scudeller L, Giacobbe DR, Lamoth F, Righi E, Zuccaro V, Grecchi C, Rebuffi C, Akova M, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arikan-Akdagli S, Azoulay E, Blot SI, Cornely OA, Lass-Florl C, Koehler P, Cuenca-Estrella M, de Lange DW, De Rosa FG, De Waele JJ, Dimopoulos G, Garnacho-Montero J, Hoenigl M, Kanj SS, Maertens J, Martin-Loeches I, Munoz P, Kullberg BJ, Agvald-Ohman C, Poulakou G, Rello J, Sanguinetti M, Taccone FS, Timsit JF, Torres A, Vazquez JA, Calandra T, From the Study Group for Infections in Critically Ill P, The Fungal Infection Study Group of the European Society of Clinical M, Infectious D, European Society of Intensive Care M, European Confederation of Medical M, Mycoses Study Group E, Research C (2019) Developing definitions for invasive fungal diseases in critically ill adult patients in intensive care units. Protocol of the FUNgal infections definitions in ICU patients (FUNDICU) project. Mycoses 62:310–319CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Blot SI, Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Meersseman W, Brusselaers N, Dimopoulos G, Paiva JA, Misset B, Rello J, Vandewoude K, Vogelaers D, Asp ICUSI (2012) A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:56–64CrossRefPubMed Blot SI, Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Meersseman W, Brusselaers N, Dimopoulos G, Paiva JA, Misset B, Rello J, Vandewoude K, Vogelaers D, Asp ICUSI (2012) A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 186:56–64CrossRefPubMed

Zurück zum Zitat Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Maertens J, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Vanderschueren S, Spriet I, Verbeken E, Van Wijngaerden E (2008) Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:27–34CrossRefPubMed Meersseman W, Lagrou K, Maertens J, Wilmer A, Hermans G, Vanderschueren S, Spriet I, Verbeken E, Van Wijngaerden E (2008) Galactomannan in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a tool for diagnosing aspergillosis in intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 177:27–34CrossRefPubMed