Introduction
Methods
Sampling and interview
Questionnaire
Statistical analysis
Results
The sample
Men (n) | Women (n) | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % | |||
Total | 190 | 609 | 799 | 100 |
Age (years) | ||||
15–20 | 2 | 21 | 23 | 2.9 |
21–29 | 5 | 41 | 46 | 5.8 |
30–39 | 22 | 92 | 114 | 14.3 |
40–49 | 44 | 148 | 192 | 24.0 |
50–64 | 72 | 212 | 284 | 35.5 |
65–74 | 27 | 62 | 89 | 11.1 |
≥75 | 17 | 33 | 50 | 6.3 |
Missing | 1 | 0 | 1 | – |
Educational level | ||||
Elementary school | 86 | 210 | 296 | 37.3 |
High school | 70 | 245 | 315 | 39.7 |
University | 32 | 150 | 182 | 23.0 |
Missing | 2 | 4 | 6 | – |
Primary headache | ||||
Migraine | 78 | 316 | 394 | 58.5 |
Other headaches | 76 | 204 | 280 | 41.5 |
Missing | 36 | 89 | 125 | – |
Medication use
Type of medication | Men | Women | Total | Age of user (years) | Frequency of use (days/month)e | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | Mean | SD | mean | SD | |
Triptan | 10 | 5.5 | 55 | 9.0 | 65 | 8.3 | 49.9 | 12.4 | 21.7b | 7.0 |
Ergotamine | 2 | 1.1 | 5 | 0.8 | 7 | 0.9 | 59.3 | 15.0 | 21.1 | 9.1 |
Opioid | 13 | 7.1a | 19 | 3.2a | 32 | 4.1 | 55.0 | 14.2 | 27.5b,c,d | 4.9 |
Combination analgesic | 48 | 26.2 | 125 | 20.8 | 173 | 22.0 | 51.7 | 13.0 | 23.9c | 6.9 |
Simple analgesic | 110 | 60.1 | 398 | 66.1 | 508 | 64.7 | 50.4 | 16.0 | 23.4d | 6.7 |
Total | 183 | 100 | 602 | 100 | 785 | 100 | 50.9 | 15.1 | 23.3 | 6.8 |
Parameter | Total (n) | Proportion only buying OTC (n = 785) | Proportion using prophylactics (n = 782) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % |
n
| % | ||
Total | 799 | 370 | 47.1 | 83 | 10.6 |
Sex | |||||
Men | 190 | 83 | 45.6 | 22 | 12.0 |
Women | 609 | 287 | 47.6 | 61 | 10.2 |
Age (years) | |||||
15–20 | 23 | 18 | 78.3a,b,c | 0 | 0.0 |
21–29 | 46 | 32 | 71.1f,g,h,i,j | 5 | 10.9 |
30–39 | 114 | 59 | 53.2a,f,k,l | 14 | 12.5 |
40–49 | 192 | 92 | 48.4b,g | 22 | 11.7 |
50–64 | 284 | 119 | 42.8c,h | 28 | 10.1 |
65–74 | 89 | 33 | 37.1d,i,k | 8 | 9.3 |
≥75 | 50 | 17 | 34.7e,j,l | 5 | 10.2 |
Missing | 1 | 0 | – | 1 | – |
Education | |||||
Elementary school | 296 | 114 | 39.4m,n | 22 | 7.7p |
High school | 315 | 160 | 51.4m | 35 | 11.2 |
University | 182 | 93 | 52.0n | 26 | 14.4p |
Missing | 6 | 3 | – | 0 | – |
Primary headache | |||||
Migraine | 394 | 167 | 43.2o | 53 | 13.6q |
Other headache | 280 | 148 | 52.9o | 18 | 6.4q |
Missing | 125 | 55 | – | 12 | – |
Parameter | Total (n) | Number of visits to the physician last year (n = 746) | Proportion who had seen a neurologist during last year (n = 746) | Proportion who had been informed about MOH (n = 785) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD |
n
| % |
n
| % | ||
Total | 799 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 102 | 13.7 | 362 | 46.1 |
Sex | |||||||
Men | 190 | 2.0 | 4.1 | 25 | 13.2 | 79 | 43.4 |
Women | 609 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 77 | 12.6 | 283 | 46.9 |
Age (years) | |||||||
15–20 | 23 | 2.4 | 4.8 | 3 | 13.0 | 8 | 34.8 |
21–29 | 46 | 1.7 | 3.7 | 9 | 19.6 | 13 | 28.3 |
30–39 | 114 | 1.9 | 3.5 | 14 | 12.3 | 55 | 49.5 |
40–49 | 192 | 1.9 | 4.8 | 23 | 12.0 | 80 | 42.1 |
50–64 | 284 | 1.5 | 3.2 | 42 | 14.8 | 151 | 54.3 |
65–74 | 89 | 1.7 | 3.9 | 7 | 7.9 | 37 | 42.0 |
≥75 | 50 | 1.1 | 2.0 | 4 | 8.0 | 17 | 35.4 |
Missing | 1 | – | – | 0 | – | 1 | – |
Educational level | |||||||
Elementary school | 296 | 1.8 | 3.7 | 30 | 10.1d | 131 | 45.5 |
High school | 315 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 48 | 15.2d | 143 | 45.8 |
University | 182 | 1.7 | 5.1 | 23 | 12.6 | 88 | 49.2 |
Missing | 6 | – | – | 1 | – | 0 | – |
Primary headache | |||||||
Migraine | 394 | 2.0a | 4.5 | 55 | 14.0 | 205 | 52.7f |
Other headaches | 280 | 1.3a | 2.8 | 35 | 12.5 | 101 | 36.1f |
Missing | 125 | – | – | 12 | – | 56 | – |
Prescription status | |||||||
On prescription | 415 | 2.6b | 4.7 | 85 | 20.5e | 228 | 55.6f |
Always OTC | 370 | 0.7b | 1.9 | 16 | 4.3e | 131 | 35.4f |
Missing | 14 | – | – | 1 | – | 3 | – |
Primary acute medication | |||||||
Psychotropic | 83 | 3.2c | 4.8 | 21 | 25.3 | 54 | 65.9g |
Not psychotropic | 716 | 1.5c | 3.6 | 81 | 11.3 | 308 | 43.8g |
Type of physician | |||||||
Neurologist | 102 | 4.0 | 4.2 | × | × | 66 | 64.7 |
Other physician | 241 | 3.1 | 3.2 | × | × | 132 | 55.5 |
Health-care contacts
Sickness absence
Parameter | Total (n) | Proportion with sickness absence ≥1 day | Sickness absence among those with ≥1 day (days/month) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % | Mean | SD | ||
Total | 446 | 92 | 20.6 | 14.7 | 13.1 |
Sex | |||||
Men | 92 | 20 | 21.7 | 20.2i | 13.0 |
Women | 354 | 72 | 20.3 | 13.3i | 12.8 |
Age (years) | |||||
18–20 | 13 | 7 | 53.8a,b,c,d | 9.9 | 9.8 |
21–29 | 41 | 7 | 17.1a | 19.9 | 5.2 |
30–39 | 83 | 20 | 24.1b | 11.9 | 13.4 |
40–49 | 145 | 34 | 23.4c,e | 15.9 | 13.0 |
50–64 | 164 | 24 | 14.6d,e | 15.0 | 13.7 |
Educational level | |||||
Elementary school | 123 | 23 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 12.8 |
High school | 208 | 53 | 25.5f | 14.6 | 13.3 |
University | 113 | 16 | 14.2f | 9.4 | 11.8 |
Missing | 2 | – | – | – | – |
Primary headache | |||||
Migraine | 225 | 61 | 27.1g | 13.9 | 13.0 |
Other headaches | 153 | 22 | 14.4g | 17.9 | 13.2 |
Missing | 68 | – | – | – | – |
Primary acute medication | |||||
Psychotropic | 38 | 17 | 44.7h | 19.0 | 13.8 |
Not psychotropic | 408 | 75 | 18.4h | 13.7 | 12.8 |