Background
Methods
Materials
COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire
Median | Interquartile range | ||
---|---|---|---|
Concern scale | 1. Are/were you concerned about infecting yourself with SARS-CoV-2? | 2.00 | 2.00–3.00 |
2. Are/were you concerned about becoming infected during doctor and hospital visits? | 2.00 | 2.00–3.00 | |
3. Are/were you concerned about your family becoming infected with SARS—CoV-2? | 2.00 | 1.00–3.00 | |
4. Are/were you worried about dying from COVID-19? | 3.00 | 2.00–3.00 | |
Concern over time scale | 5. Are/were you concerned about becoming infected when the first European patient was reported? | 2.00 | 1.00–2.00 |
6. Were you concerned about becoming infected when the first European patient died? | 2.00 | 1.00–2.00 | |
7. Were you concerned about becoming infected when the number of infected people increased? | 3.00 | 2.00–3.00 | |
8. Were you concerned about becoming infected at the lockdown? | 2.00 | 2.00–3.00 | |
Impairment scale | 9. How much is your quality of life affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? | 3.00 | 2.00–4.00 |
10. How much is the breast cancer therapy affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? | 3.00 | 2.00–4.00 | |
11. How much is your mental health affected by the COVID-19 pandemic? | 2.00 | 2.00–4.00 |
Stress and coping inventory (SCI)
Distress thermometer (DT)
EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23
Ethics approval
Study site
Participants
Procedure
Laboratory analysis
Data management
Statistical analysis
Results
Basic characteristics of the study population
Subtype of Breast Cancer | All | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Luminal A | Luminal B Her2 neg. | Luminal B Her2 pos. | Her2 overexpression | Triple negative | |||
Current Cancer Stage (UICC) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.22%) |
1A | 6 | 9 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 22 (26.83%) | |
2A | 4 | 4 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 16 (19.51%) | |
2B | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 (9.76%) | |
3A | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.22%) | |
3B | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 (3.66%) | |
3C | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.22%) | |
4 | 7 | 13 | 9 | 0 | 1 | 30 (36.59%) | |
all | 20 (24.39%) | 30 (36.59%) | 22 (26.82%) | 4 (4.88%) | 6 (7.31%) | 82 (100%) |
Adjuvant therapy n = 26 | Neoadjuvant therapy n = 26 | Palliative therapy n = 30 | All patients | All patients | Missing values | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Civil status | Single | 7 (36.8%) (26.9%) | 4 (21.1%) (15.4%) | 8 (42.1%) (26.7%) | 19 (23.2%) | 82 | 0 |
Married or long-term relationship | 19 (30.1%) (73.1%) | 22 (34.9%) (84.6%) | 22 (34.9%) (73.3%) | 63 (76.8%) | |||
Children | No | 4 (21.1%) (15.4%) | 4 (21.1%) (16.0%) | 11 (57.8%) (36.7%) | 19 (23.5%) | 81 | 1 |
Yes | 6 (28.6%) (23.1%) | 9 (42.8%) (36.0%) | 6 (28.6) (20.0%) | 21 (25.9%) | |||
Yes, already grown up | 16 (39.0%) (61.5%) | 12 (29.2%) (48.0%) | 13 (31.7%) (43.3%) | 41 (50.6%) |
Infection status
COVID-19 pandemic questionnaire
Stress and coping inventory (SCI)
Adjuvant therapy n = 26 | Neoadjuvant therapy n = 26 | Palliative therapy n = 30 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | p-value* | |
Stress caused by unsecurity | 14.00 | 9.00–24.00 | 19.00 | 13.00–25.00 | 22.00 | 13.00–26.50 | 0.305 |
Stress caused by being overwhelmed | 13.00 | 9.00–20.00 | 13.00 | 9.00–20.00 | 17.00 | 12.00–20.00 | 0.489 |
Stress caused by loss | 11.00 | 8.00–15.00 | 10.00 | 9.00–17.00 | 13.50 | 10.50–16.50 | 0.382 |
Stress symptoms | 22.50 | 20.00–27.00 | 24.00 | 18.00–28.00 | 25.50 | 21.00–30.50 | 0.439 |
Positive coping | 12.00 | 11.00–13.00 | 11.00 | 9.50–12.00 | 11.00 | 9.00–12.00 | 0.049 |
Active coping | 11.00 | 9.00–12.00 | 11.00 | 8.50–12.00 | 11.00 | 10.00–12.50 | 0.857 |
Coping by support | 13.50 | 12.00–15.00 | 13.00 | 12.00–16.00 | 13.00 | 11.50–15.00 | 0.797 |
Coping by believing in God or powers that be | 11.00 | 9.00–12.00 | 8.00 | 7.00–12.00 | 11.50 | 7.50–12.50 | 0.334 |
Coping by drinking alcohol and/or smoking | 7.00 | 4.00–7.00 | 5.00 | 4.00–7.00 | 5.00 | 4.00–6.00 | 0.481 |
Distress thermometer (DT)
EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23
Adjuvant therapy n = 26 | Neoadjuvant therapy n = 26 | Palliative therapy n = 30 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | p-value* | |
Global health status/Quality of Life | 58.33 | 50.00–75.00 | 62.50 | 41.67–75.00 | 50.00 | 50.00–66.67 | 0.396 |
Physical functioning | 86.67 | 66.67–93.33 | 80.00 | 66.67–93.33 | 66.67 | 46.67–86.67 | 0.520 |
Role functioning | 83.33 | 66.67–100.00 | 66.67 | 33.33–100.00 | 66.67 | 33.33–66.67 | 0.035 |
Emotional functioning | 58.33 | 50.00–83.33 | 58.33 | 50.00–75.00 | 50.00 | 33.33–66.67 | 0.200 |
Cognitive functioning | 83.33 | 66.67–100.00 | 83.33 | 50.00–100.00 | 66.67 | 50.00–83.33 | 0.318 |
Social functioning | 66.67 | 50.00–100.00 | 66.67 | 50.00–66.67 | 33.33 | 16.67–66.67 | 0.044 |
Fatigue | 27.78 | 11.11–55.56 | 33.33 | 33.33–55.56 | 55.56 | 33.33–77.78 | 0.023 |
Nausea and vomiting | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00–16.67 | 0.179 |
Pain | 16.67 | 0.00–33.33 | 8.33 | 0.00–33.33 | 33.33 | 16.67–66.67 | 0.006 |
Dyspnoea | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 33.33 | 0.00–66-67 | 0.840 |
Insomnia | 66.67 | 0.00–66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 33.33 | 33.33–66.67 | 0.745 |
Appetite loss | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.021 |
Constipation | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.187 |
Diarrhoea | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.355 |
Financial difficulties | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.264 |
Body image | 66.67 | 54.17–87.50 | 75.00 | 58.33–91.67 | 62.50 | 41.67–75.00 | 0.167 |
Sexual functioning | 8.33 | 0.00–41.67 | 16.67 | 0.00–16.67 | 16.67 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.924 |
Sexual enjoyment | 66.67 | 50.00–100.00 | 50.00 | 16.67–66.67 | 66.67 | 33.33–100.00 | 0.378 |
Future perspective | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.824 |
Systemic therapy side effects | 21.43 | 12.70–35.71 | 38.10 | 14.29–47.62 | 30.95 | 19.05–47.62 | 0.295 |
Breast symptoms | 8.33 | 0.00–25.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–16.67 | 4.17 | 0.00–25.00 | 0.398 |
Arm symptoms | 22.22 | 11.11–44.44 | 22.22 | 0.00–33.33 | 11.11 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.488 |
Upset by hair loss | 33.33 | 0.00–50.00 | 66.67 | 0.00–100.00 | 66.67 | 66.67–66.67 | 0.470 |
Groups by concern
No/thoughts n = 27 | A little n = 30 | Often/all the time N = 23 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | p-value* | |
Stress caused by unsecurity | 11.00 | 8.00–18.00 | 19.00 | 13.00–25.00 | 25.50 | 20.50–30.00 | 0.000 |
Stress caused by being overwhelmed | 10.50 | 7.00–13.00 | 16.00 | 11.00–19.00 | 20.50 | 17.00–23.00 | 0.000 |
Stress caused by loss | 9.00 | 7.00–11.00 | 11.00 | 10.00–17.00 | 15.00 | 12.00–19.00 | 0.001 |
Stress symptoms | 20.50 | 16.50–23.00 | 24.00 | 20.00–28.00 | 28.00 | 24.00–31.00 | 0.000 |
Positive coping | 11.00 | 9.00–13.00 | 11.00 | 10.00–12.00 | 12.00 | 8.00–13.00 | 0.896 |
Active coping | 11.00 | 8.00–14.00 | 11.00 | 10.00–12.00 | 11.00 | 10.00–13.00 | 0.615 |
Coping by support | 13.50 | 10.00–16.00 | 13.00 | 12.00–15.00 | 13.00 | 12.00–15.00 | 0.713 |
Coping by believing in God or powers that be | 11.00 | 7.00–13.00 | 10.00 | 8.00–12.00 | 10.00 | 7.00–12.00 | 0.863 |
Coping by drinking alcohol and/or smoking | 5.00 | 4.00–7.00 | 5.00 | 4.00–7.00 | 6.00 | 4.00–7.00 | 0.946 |
Concern about COVID-19 | No/thoughts n = 27 | A little n = 30 | Often/all the time n = 23 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | Median | Interquartile range | p-value* | |
Global health status/Quality of Life | 58.33 | 50.00–75.00 | 66.67 | 50.00–83.33 | 50.00 | 41.67–58.33 | 0.050 |
Physical functioning | 80.00 | 66.67–93.33 | 75.00 | 60.00–93.33 | 66.67 | 46.67–86.67 | 0.196 |
Role functioning | 66.67 | 50.00–100.00 | 66.67 | 66.67–83.33 | 50.00 | 33.33 | 0.007 |
Emotional functioning | 77.78 | 58.33–100.00 | 50.00 | 33.33–66.67 | 45.83 | 41.67–58.33 | 0.000 |
Cognitive functioning | 83.33 | 66.67–100.00 | 83.33 | 50.00–100.00 | 50.00 | 50.00–83.33 | 0.001 |
Social functioning | 83.33 | 50.00–100.00 | 50.00 | 33.33–66.67 | 50.00 | 16.67–66.67 | 0.002 |
Fatigue | 33.33 | 11.11–55.56 | 44.44 | 22.22–55.56 | 55.56 | 33.33–77.78 | 0.032 |
Nausea and vomiting | 0.00 | 0.00–16.67 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.827 |
Pain | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 33.33 | 0.00–50.00 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.276 |
Dyspnoea | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.308 |
Insomnia | 16.67 | 0.00–33.33 | 66.67 | 33.33–100.00 | 66.67 | 33.33–66.67 | 0.001 |
Appetite loss | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.938 |
Constipation | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.118 |
Diarrhoea | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00–0.00 | 0.594 |
Financial difficulties | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 16.67 | 0.00–50.00 | 33.33 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.155 |
Body image | 75.00 | 58.33–83.33 | 66.67 | 50.00–91.67 | 54.17 | 16.67–75.00 | 0.013 |
Sexual functioning | 8.33 | 0.00–33.33 | 16.67 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.216 |
Sexual enjoyment | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 66.67 | 33.33–100.00 | 66.67 | 33.33–100.00 | 0.273 |
Future perspective | 66.67 | 33.33–66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 0.00 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.000 |
Systemic therapy side effects | 20.63 | 9.52–38.10 | 33.33 | 19.05–47.62 | 33.33 | 19.05–47.62 | 0.020 |
Breast symptoms | 0.00 | 0.00–16.67 | 8.33 | 0.00–50.00 | 8.33 | 0.00–33.33 | 0.348 |
Arm symptoms | 11.11 | 0.00–22.22 | 22.22 | 0.00–33.33 | 22.22 | 0.00–44.44 | 0.296 |
Upset by hair loss | 33.33 | 33.33–66.67 | 33.33 | 0.00–66.67 | 66.67 | 66.67–100.00 | 0.116 |