Background
Methods
Participants
Equipment
Experimental protocol
Data processing
Outcome metrics
Spatio-temporal
Kinematics
Kinetics
Myoelectric activity
Statistical analysis
Model description
Model Verification & Reporting
Results
Population
Spatio-temporal parameters
Ascent
Intercept (Base) | ΔBWS20 | ΔBWS30 | ΔBWS40 | ΔBWS50 | ΔPost | Δmale | ΔBMI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascent | ||||||||
Velocity (m/s) | 0.38 (0.02) | −0.07 (0.01) | − 0.07 (0.01) | − 0.09 (0.01) | −0.11 (0.01) | − 0.01 (0.01) | 0.03 (0.02) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Step Width (m) | 0.064 (0.008) | −0.022 (0.005) | −0.023 (0.005) | − 0.007 (0.005) | −0.004 (0.005) | − 0.008 (0.005) | −0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Sing. Supp. (%) | 36.8 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.6 (0.5) | 1.7 (0.5) | 0.6 (0.5) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.00 (0.00) |
Hip ROM (°) | 58.39 (1.40) | −2.87 (1.05) | −3.68 (1.05) | − 5.71 (1.05) | −8.09 (1.05) | −0.27 (1.05) | − 2.38 (1.86) | − 0.42 (0.36) |
Knee ROM (°) | 83.70 (3.33) | − 3.05 (1.18) | −4.60 (1.18) | −8.84 (1.18) | − 11.43 (1.18) | −0.37 (1.18) | 2.73 (4.95) | −0.93 (0.96) |
Ankle ROM (°) | 47.47 (1.89) | 7.69 (1.03) | 7.78 (1.03) | 9.71 (1.03) | 9.36 (1.03) | 1.36 (1.03) | −8.38 (2.69) | −0.73 (0.52) |
Fz2 (% BW) | 104.78 (1.74) | −10.43 (1.11) | −20.54 (1.11) | −31.70 (1.11) | −43.13 (1.11) | −0.60 (1.11) | 2.70 (2.41) | −0.63 (0.47) |
Fz3 (% BW) | 80.75 (1.46) | −4.29 (1.40) | −16.55 (1.40) | −27.21 (1.40) | −37.58 (1.41) | 3.19 (1.41) | −5.82 (1.75) | −0.16 (0.34) |
Fz4 (% BW) | 113.50 (1.55) | −28.52 (1.49) | −37.90 (1.49) | −48.33 (1.49) | −59.54 (1.49) | −1.47 (1.49) | −0.53 (1.85) | − 0.63 (0.36) |
Descent | ||||||||
Velocity (m/s) | 0.42 (0.02) | −0.08 (0.01) | −0.09 (0.01) | − 0.11 (0.01) | −0.12 (0.01) | − 0.01 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.00 (0.01) |
Hip ROM (°) | 26.89 (0.93) | −1.72 (0.54) | −1.76 (0.54) | −3.02 (0.54) | −4.49 (0.54) | −0.17 (0.54) | − 1.43 (1.32) | − 0.55 (0.26) |
Knee ROM (°) | 87.86 (1.92) | −3.00 (0.82) | − 3.73 (0.82) | −4.12 (0.82) | −5.91 (0.82) | − 1.24 (0.82) | −2.12 (2.81) | − 0.70 (0.55) |
Ankle ROM (°) | 65.94 (1.99) | −1.45 (0.81) | −4.03 (0.81) | −5.40 (0.81) | −8.28 (0.81) | 1.14 (0.81) | −9.95 (2.93) | −0.25 (0.57) |
Fz2 (% BW) | 126.48 (2.67) | −37.58 (2.09) | −46.33 (2.09) | −59.40 (2.09) | −72.49 (2.09) | −1.04 (2.09) | 4.40 (3.52) | 0.18 (0.68) |
Fz3 (% BW) | 82.68 (1.86) | −14.24 (1.32) | −25.85 (1.32) | −35.91 (1.32) | −45.91 (1.32) | −0.31 (1.32) | −4.10 (2.52) | 0.29 (0.49) |
Fz4 (% BW) | 97.28 (1.64) | −25.85 (1.19) | −36.46 (1.19) | −46.69 (1.19) | −57.19 (1.19) | −0.67 (1.19) | −1.59 (2.21) | 0.22 (0.43) |
Descent
Kinematics
Ascent
Descent
Kinetics
Ascent
Descent
Myoelectric activity
Ascent
Intercept (Base) | ΔBWS20 | ΔBWS30 | ΔBWS40 | ΔBWS50 | ΔPost | Δmale | ΔBMI | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ascent | |||||||||
GMax (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 103.01 (4.72) 3.16 (4.49) | −43.28 (4.49) −22.04 (4.49) | −50.86 (4.49) − 22.44 (4.49) | −62.73 (4.49) − 24.12 (4.49) | −66.63 (4.49) − 26.10 (4.49) | −3.38 (4.57) 1.67 (4.57) | −5.00 (5.53) | 0.76 (1.07) |
BF (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 115.37 (8.00) | − 22.18 (5.84) | − 21.70 (5.84) | −32.67 (5.84) | − 44.63 (5.84) | −6.57 (5.84) | 0.10 (10.47) | 0.29 (2.03) |
−17.77(3.37) | |||||||||
RF (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 95.54 (5.72) | − 17.05 (4.69) | −19.79 (4.69) | −23.54 (4.69) | −29.08 (4.69) | −9.87 (4.69) | 3.38 (7.11) | 1.61 (1.38) |
13.43 (2.71) | |||||||||
VL (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 100.43 (5.50) −1.23 (2.63) | −18.71 (4.56) | −24.82 (4.56) | −31.18 (4.56) | −40.99 (4.56) | −1.80 (4.56) | 12.08 (6.80) | 0.26 (1.32) |
GM (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 87.44 (7.49) | −18.70 (7.27) | −19.94 (7.27) | − 15.16 (7.27) | −21.64 (7.27) | −1.00 (7.27) | 17.76 (8.32) | 0.98 (1.62) |
17.22 (4.20) | |||||||||
TA (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 114.44 (15.02) −7.67 (14.93) | 22.58 (14.93) −6.55 (14.93) | 35.35 (14.93) −4.75 (14.93) | 52.77 (14.93) | 78.69 (14.93) | −13.79 (14.93) −13.53 (14.93) | −9.48 (16.95) | 0.92 (3.29) |
−6.58 (14.93) | −6.88 (14.93) | ||||||||
Descent | |||||||||
GMax (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 110.18 (5.52) −0.52 (2.44) | −27.88 (4.14) | −27.60 (4.14) | −26.04 (4.31) | −36.30 (4.22) | −8.56 (4.22) | −9.87 (6.94) | 0.33 (1.32) |
BF (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 102.06 (6.16) 7.66 (6.33) | −49.30 (6.33) −37.28 (6.33) | −54.48 (6.33) − 37.89 (6.33) | −62.85 (6.33) − 46.37 (6.33) | −67.80 (6.33) − 52.72 (6.33) | −5.44 (6.33) | − 0.47 (6.76) | 0.01 (1.31) |
−30.05 (6.33) | |||||||||
RF (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 106.11 (7.23) | −35.13 (6.01) | −22.54 (6.01) | −26.61 (6.12) | − 24.13 (6.01) | −23.75 (6.12) | 9.89 (8.94) | −3.43 (1.73) |
−9.42 (3.50) | |||||||||
VL (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 96.83 (3.43) | −26.98 (3.33) | −33.68 (3.33) | − 39.07 (3.33) | −44.93 (3.33) | −10.84 (3.33) | 6.24 (3.81) | − 2.10 (0.74) |
5.08 (1.92) | |||||||||
GM (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 99.21 (2.79) 2.71 (1.61) | −28.03 (2.80) | −35.55 (2.80) | −46.53 (2.80) | −53.39 (2.80) | −5.82 (2.80) | 2.15 (3.01) | 0.40 (0.59) |
TA (%) | Stance ΔSwing | 109.84 (7.13) −2.58 (3.25) | −27.26 (5.64) | − 25.15 (5.64) | −34.54 (5.64) | −37.17 (5.64) | −14.80 (5.64) | 1.91 (9.02) | 1.90 (1.75) |