Background
Methods
Ethics statement
Study population
SOCCS study
Lifestyle and dietary data
Survival analysis data
Statin data
Statistical analysis
Results
SOCCS study participation
SOCCS study and statin use
Variables | Cases (n = 309)* | Controls (n = 294)* | P-value † |
---|---|---|---|
Age at recruitment | 60.0 (11.8) | 61.4 (13.96) | 0.19 |
Sex: | |||
Men | 160 (51.8) | 161 (54.8) | |
Women | 149 (48.2) | 133 (45.2) | 0.46 |
FH risk***: | |||
Low | 226 (78.7) | 265 (99.6) | |
Medium/High | 61 (21.3) | 1 (0.4) | <0.001 |
Smoking status: | |||
Never | 103 (33.3) | 90 (30.6) | |
Former | 87 (28.2) | 115 (39.4) | |
Current | 41 (13.3) | 45 (15.3) | 0.18 |
Not known | 78 (25.2) | 44 (15.0) | |
Physical activity (cycling & other sport in hours/week) ‡ | |||
0 | 125 (56.6) | 128 (53.6) | |
0.1-3.5 | 56 (25.3) | 65 (27.2) | |
3.6-7 | 23 (10.4) | 24 (10.0) | |
>7 | 17 (7.7) | 22 (9.2) | 0.48 |
BMI‡ ¥: | |||
<25 | 92 (29.8) | 80 (27.2) | |
25-29.9 | 102 (33.0) | 105 (35.7) | |
≥30 | 36 (11.7) | 64 (21.8) | 0.02 |
Unknown | 79 (25.6) | 45 (15.3) | |
Alcohol intake (g/day)‡ | 12.7 (14.6) | 12.9 (13.9) | 0.76 |
Energy intake (kJ/day)‡ | 11016 (3896) | 11054 (4572) | 0.80 |
DEPCAT††
| |||
1 | 33 (10.7) | 33 (11.2) | |
2 | 76 (24.6) | 66 (22.4) | |
3 | 78 (25.2) | 79 (26.9) | |
4 | 69 (22.3) | 66 (22.4) | |
5 | 24 (7.8) | 22 (7.5) | |
6 | 27 (8.7) | 27 (9.2) | |
7 | 2 (0.6) | 1 (0.3) | 0.99 |
PMH Bowel disease (incl. IBS) | 18 (7.8) | 23 (9.3) | 0.56 |
PMH Cancer ± | 24 (10.3) | 13 (5.1) | 0.03 |
Statin use: at least 1 | 25 (8.1) | 44 (15.0) | <0.01 |
prescription dispensed 2/12 | Male: 18 | Male: 31 | Male: <0.05 |
pre-recruitment | Female: 7 | Female: 13 | Female:0.10 |
Statin use: at least | 24 (7.8) | 38 (12.9) | 0.04 |
1prescription dispensed 7/12 | Male: 17 | Male: 28 | Male: 0.08 |
pre-recruitment | Female: 7 | Female: 10 | Female: 0.32 |
Statin use: 2+ prescriptions | 24 (7.8) | 38 (12.9) | 0.04 |
dispensed. First being at least | Male: 17 | Male: 27 | Male: 0.11 |
2/12 pre-recruitment | Female: 7 | Female: 11 | Female: 0.22 |
Statin use: 2+ prescriptions | 23 (7.4) | 34 (11.6) | 0.084 |
dispensed. First prescription at | Male: 16 | Male: 25 | Male: 0.14 |
least 7/12 pre-recruitement | Female: 7 | Female: 9 | Female: 0.45 |
Regular use of NSAIDs**: | |||
Yes | 53 (69.7) | 87 (70.7) | |
No | 165 (17.1) | 146 (17.9) | 0.003 |
Not known | 91 (13.1) | 61 (11.4) | |
HRT use: | |||
Yes | 30 (28.0) | 40 (37.0) | |
No | 76 (71.0) | 68 (63.0) | 0.17 |
Not known | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0) | |
Hormonal contraception use: | |||
Yes | 36 (33.6) | 40 (37.0) | |
No | 70 (65.4) | 67 (62.0) | 0.60 |
Not known | 1 (0.9) | 1 (0.9) |
Statins and risk of colorectal cancer
Statin use | Unadjusted model | Adjusted model | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases (309) | Controls (294) | Basic OR* (95% CI) | Cases (194) | Controls (211) | Adjusted OR† (95% CI) | |
P-value | P-value | |||||
No use of statins | 284 | 250 | 1.0 (referent) | 154 | 145 | 1.0 (referent) |
≥1dispensed prescription at least 2 months pre-recruitment | 25 | 44 | 0.52 (0.31, 0.89) | 15 | 38 | 0.33 (0.15, 0.69) |
0.016 ** | 0.004** | |||||
≥1dispensed prescription at least 7 months pre-recruitment | 24 | 38 | 0.60 (0.35, 1.04) | 14 | 32 | 0.39 (0.18, 0.85) |
0.067 | 0.017** | |||||
≥2 dispensed prescriptions at least 2 months pre-recruitment | 24 | 38 | 0.60 (0.35, 1.03) | 14 | 32 | 0.42 (0.19, 0.92) |
0.064 | 0.030** | |||||
≥2 dispensed prescriptions at least 7 months pre-recruitment | 23 | 34 | 0.65 (0.37, 1.14) | 13 | 28 | 0.49 (0.22, 1.08) |
0.135 | 0.077 |
Statins, survival and death from colorectal cancer
Variables | Deceased (n = 106)* | Alive (n = 202)* | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Age at recruitment | 60.4 (12.18) | 59.8 (11.66) | 0.66 |
Sex: | |||
Men | 56 (52.8) | 103 (51.0) | |
Women | 50 (47.2) | 99 (49.0) | 0.76 |
FH risk: | |||
Low | 78 (82.1) | 148 (77.1) | |
Medium/High | 17 (17.9) | 44 (22.9) | 0.33 |
Smoking status: | |||
Never | 31 (48.4) | 71 (42.8) | |
Former | 20 (31.3) | 67 (40.4) | |
Current | 13 (20.3) | 28 (16.9) | 0.44 |
Physical activity (cycling & other sport in hours/week) ‡ | |||
0 | 37 (62.7) | 88 (54.3) | |
0-3.5 | 6 (10.2) | 50 (30.9) | |
3.5-7 | 6 (10.2) | 11 (6.8) | |
>7 | 10 (17.0) | 13 (8.0) | 0.008 |
BMI‡: | |||
<25 | 24 (36.4) | 68 (41.7) | |
25-29.9 | 31 (47.0) | 71 (43.6) | |
≥30 | 11 (16.7) | 24 (14.7) | 0.75 |
Alcohol intake (g/day)‡ | 13.1 | 12.6 | 0.29 |
(16.0) | (14.2) | ||
Energy intake (kJ/day)‡ | 11222.2 | 10939.5 | 0.54 |
(3886.9) | (3909.0) | ||
DEPCAT††
| |||
1 | 11 (10.4) | 22 (10.9) | |
2 | 23 (21.7) | 53 (26.2) | |
3 | 25 (23.6) | 52 (25.7) | |
4 | 29 (27.4) | 40 (19.8) | |
5 | 9 (8.5) | 15 (7.4) | |
6 | 9 (8.5) | 18 (8.9) | |
7 | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | 0.72 |
PMH Bowel disease (incl. IBS) | 6 (9.1) | 12 (7.3) | 0.65 |
PMH Cancer | 6 (9.1) | 17 (10.3) | 0.78 |
Statin use: at least 1 prescription dispensed 2/12 pre-recruitment | 8 (7.6) | 16 (7.9) | 0.91 |
Statin use: at least 1 prescription dispensed 7/12 pre-recruitment | 8 (7.6) | 15 (7.4) | 0.97 |
Statin use: 2+ prescriptions dispensed. First being at least 2/12 pre-recruitment | 8 (7.6) | 15 (7.4) | 0.97 |
Statin use: 2+ prescriptions dispensed. First prescription at least 7/12 pre-recruitement | 8 (7.6) | 14 (6.9) | 0.84 |
Regular use of NSAIDs**: | |||
Yes | 47 (73.4) | 127 (78.4) | |
No | 17 (26.6) | 35 (21.6) | 0.43 |
HRT use: | |||
Yes | 7 (26.9) | 23 (28.8) | |
No | 19 (73.1) | 57 (71.3) | 0.86 |
Hormonal contraception use: | |||
Yes | 6 (23.1) | 30 (37.5) | |
No | 20 (76.9) | 50 (62.5) | 0.18 |
All cause mortality |
No of events
|
Persons at risk
|
Log rank test
|
Unadjusted Analysis
|
Adjusted for AJCC
|
Multivariable adjusted analysis
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95%CI | |||||
Statin use: at least 1 prescription | ||||||||||
No | 91 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 15 | 57 | 0.11 | 0.64 | 0.37, 1.10 | 0.65 | 0.37, 1.15 | 0.58 | 0.33, 1.03 | |
P = 0.11 | P = 0.14 | P = 0.07 | ||||||||
Statin use: at least 1 prescription dispensed before recruitment | ||||||||||
No | 91 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 8 | 26 | 0.62 | 0.83 | 0.40, 1.71 | 0.76 | 0.32, 1.38 | 0.59 | 0.28, 1.24 | |
P = 0.62 | P = 0.28 | P = 0.16 | ||||||||
Statin use: at least 1 prescription dispensed after recruitment | ||||||||||
No | 91 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 7 | 31 | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.23, 1.09 | 0.67 | 0.29, 1.54 | 0.61 | 0.26, 1.41 | |
P = 0.08 | P = 0.34 | P = 0.24 | ||||||||
Statin use: 2+ prescription | ||||||||||
No | 94 | 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 12 | 49 | 0.09 | 0.59 | 0.33, 1.08 | 0.63 | 0.34, 1.15 | 0.57 | 0.31, 1.05 | |
P = 0.09 | P = 0.13 | P = 0.07 | ||||||||
Statin use: 2+ prescription dispensed before recruitment | ||||||||||
No | 94 | 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 8 | 25 | 0.70 | 0.87 | 0.42, 1.79 | 0.70 | 0.34, 1.45 | 0.64 | 0.31, 1.34 | |
P = 0.70 | P = 0.34 | P = 0.24 | ||||||||
Statin use: 2+ prescription dispensed after recruitment | ||||||||||
No | 94 | 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 4 | 24 | 0.04 | 0.36 | 0.13, 0.99 | 0.54 | 0.20, 1.49 | 0.49 | 0.18, 1.36 | |
P = 0.05 | P = 0.24 | P = 0.17 | ||||||||
Colorectal cancer mortality
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
HR
|
95% CI
|
HR
|
95%CI
| ||||
Statin use: at least 1 prescription | ||||||||||
No | 79 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 12 | 57 | 0.09 | 0.60 | 0.32, 1.09 | 0.61 | 0.32, 1.15 | 0.56 | 0.29, 1.07 | |
P = 0.09 | P = 0.13 | P = 0.08 | ||||||||
Statin use: at least 1 prescription dispensed before diagnosis | ||||||||||
No | 79 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 7 | 26 | 0.66 | 0.84 | 0.39, 1.82 | 0.65 | 0.30, 1.42 | 0.60 | 0.327, 1.32 | |
P = 0.66 | P = 0.28 | P = 0.20 | ||||||||
Statin use: at least 1 prescription dispensed after | ||||||||||
No | 79 | 251 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 5 | 31 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.17, 1.05 | 0.58 | 0.21, 1.60 | 0.54 | 0.19, 1.50 | |
P = 0.06 | P = 0.29 | |||||||||
Statin use: 2+ prescription | ||||||||||
No | 82 | 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 9 | 49 | 0.06 | 0.52 | 0.26, 1.03 | 0.56 | 0.28, 1.11 | 0.51 | 0.25, 1.03 | |
P = 0.06 | P = 0.10 | P = 0.06 | ||||||||
Statin use: 2+ prescription dispensed before recruitment | ||||||||||
No | 82 | 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 7 | 25 | 0.73 | 0.87 | 0.40, 1.88 | 0.67 | 0.31, 1.48 | 0.64 | 0.26, 1.40 | |
P = 0.73 | P = 0.33 | P = 0.26 | ||||||||
Statin use: 2+ prescription dispensed after recruitment | ||||||||||
No | 82 | 259 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||||
Yes | 2 | 24 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 0.05, 0.86 | 0.35 | 0.09, 1.45 | 0.33 | 0.08, 1.35 | |
P = 0.03 | P = 0.15 | P = 0.12 |