Background
Methods
Development of questionnaire for Prakriti assessment
S. No | Features |
Vata
|
Pitta
|
Kapha
|
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Body frame | Thin | Medium | Broad |
2 | Body build and musculature | Weakly developed | Moderate | Well developed |
3 | Skin | Dry and rough | Soft, thin, with tendency for moles, acne and freckles | Smooth and firm, clear complexion |
4 | Hair | Dry, thin, coarse and prone to breaks | Thin, soft, oily, early graying | Thick, smooth and firm |
5 | Weight gain | Recalcitrant | Fluctuating | Tendency to obesity |
6 | Food and bowel habits | Frequent, variable and irregular | higher capacity for food and water consumption | Low digestive capacity and stable food habits |
7 | Movements and physical activities | Excessive and quick | Moderate and precise | Less mobile |
8 | Tolerance for weather | Cold intolerant | Heat intolerant | Endurance for both |
9 | Disease resistance and healing capacity | Poor | Good | Excellent |
10 | Metabolism of toxic substances | Moderate | Quick | Poor |
11 | Communication | Talkative | Sharp, incisive communication with analytical abilities | Less vocal with good communication skills |
12 | Initiation capabilities | Quick, responsive and enthusiastic | Moderate, upon conviction and understanding | Slow to initiate new things |
13 | Memory | Quick at grasping and poor retention | Moderate grasping and retention | Slow grasping and Good at retention |
14 | Ageing | Fast | Moderate | Slow |
15 | Disease Predisposition/Poor prognosis | Developmental, Neurological, dementia, movement and speech disorders, Arrhythmias | Ulcer, bleeding disorders, Skin diseases | Obesity, diabetes, atherosclerotic conditions |
Clinical phenotyping and identification of volunteers
Sample collection
Biochemical estimation and analysis
DNA isolation, genotyping and validation of genetic homogeneity
RNA isolation and cDNA microarray experiments
Statistical analysis of microarray
Quantitative PCR analysis
Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes
Results
Genetic affinity of the study population to Indo-European populations of India
Clinical phenotyping
Individuals of different Prakritis exhibit differences at biochemical level
Significant differences in genome wide expressions among individuals of distinct Prakriti types
Systemic differences in Prakriti types reflected in GO categories and molecular pathways
Distinguishing Parameters (Males) |
Vata
|
Pitta
|
Kapha
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biochemical profiles
|
Lipid profile
| Total Cholesterol* | - | NS | + |
Triglycerides | - | - | + | ||
VLDL | - | - | + | ||
LDL* | - | + | + | ||
HDL | + | NS | - | ||
LDL/HDL ratio | - | - | + | ||
LFT
| GGPT | - | + | + | |
SGPT* | - | NS | + | ||
Prothrombin time | + | + | - | ||
Hematological
| Haemoglobin | - | + | - | |
PCV | - | + | - | ||
RBC count | - | + | NS | ||
Prolactin | + | NS | - | ||
Uric Acid | - | + | + | ||
Zinc | - | NS | + | ||
Biological processes
| immune response | - | + | - | |
regulation of enzyme activity | + | - | - | ||
regulation of transferase activity | + | - | - | ||
fibrinolysis | + | + | - | ||
Biological Pathways
|
Environmental Information processing
| Jak-STAT signaling pathway | - | + | - |
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction | - | + | - | ||
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) | + | - | - | ||
Immune system
| Type I diabetes mellitus | - | + | - | |
Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity | - | + | - | ||
Antigen processing and presentation | - | + | - | ||
B cell and T cell receptor signaling pathway | - | - | + | ||
Toll-like receptor signaling pathway | - | + | + | ||
Cell cycle | + | - | - | ||
Sensory system
| Taste and olfactory transduction | + | - | + |
Distinguishing Parameters (Females) |
Vata
|
Pitta
|
Kapha
| ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biochemical | Basophils | NS | + | - | |
Micronutrients
| Zinc | NS | + | - | |
Copper | - | + | NS | ||
Phosphorus | - | + | - | ||
Biological Processes |
Transport
| protein import into nucleus | + | - | - |
NLS-bearing substrate import into nucleus | + | - | - | ||
Biological Pathways |
Immune system
| Toll-like receptor signaling pathway | - | + | - |
Cellular process
| Apoptosis | - | + | - | |
Regulation of actin cytoskeleton | - | - | + | ||
Environmental Information processing
| MAPK signaling pathway | - | - | + | |
Jak-STAT signaling pathway | - | + | + | ||
Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction | - | + | + | ||
Sensory system
| Olfactory transduction | + | - | + | |
Diseases
| Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection | - | + | - | |
Neurodegenerative disorders | - | - | + | ||
Dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) | + | + | - |