Introduction
Methods
Study design
Patients
Data collection and definitions
Outcomes
Statistical analysis
Results
Patients
CRRT (n = 2175) | IHD (n = 367) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 65.0 (54.0–75.0) | 61.0 (50.5–71.0) | < 0.001 |
Male gender—no. (%) | 1429 (65.7) | 279 (76.0) | < 0.001 |
Weight, kilograms | 80.0 (70.0–90.4) | 83.0 (71.9–96.5) | 0.009 |
Type of admission—no. (%) | < 0.001 | ||
Medical | 1351 (62.1) | 202 (55.0) | |
Surgical | 729 (33.5) | 132 (36.0) | |
Other | 95 (4.4) | 33 (9.0) | |
APACHE III | 97.0 (80.0–113.5) | 76.6 (65.8–95.1) | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular SOFA | 4.0 (2.0–4.0) | 0.0 (0.0–2.0) | < 0.001 |
0 | 298 (13.7) | 212 (57.8) | < 0.001 |
1 | 234 (10.8) | 61 (16.6) | |
2 | 67 (3.1) | 28 (7.6) | |
3 | 425 (19.6) | 17 (4.6) | |
4 | 1148 (52.9) | 49 (13.4) | |
Hours between randomization and start of treatment | 31.0 (10.0–79.0) | 72.0 (24.0–144.0) | < 0.001 |
Premorbid creatinine, µmol/L | 99.0 (79.6–132.6) | 97.2 (70.7–132.6) | 0.047 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min | 61.2 (42.6–84.1) | 67.5 (50.1–96.8) | < 0.001 |
Premorbid creatinine imputed, µmol/L* | 100.7 (84.3–114.9) | 100.7 (79.6–114.9) | 0.338 |
Estimated glomerular filtration rate imputed, mL/min* | 49.6 (41.8–60.4) | 49.7 (40.6–65.1) | 0.122 |
Diabetes—no. (%) | 186 (26.0) | 124 (33.8) | 0.009 |
At baseline—no. (%) | |||
Mechanical ventilation | 1713 (78.8) | 227 (61.9) | < 0.001 |
Sepsis | 1173 (54.0) | 222 (60.5) | 0.023 |
Oliguria | 1459 (67.1) | 257 (70.0) | 0.292 |
Hyperkalemia | 123 (5.7) | 4 (1.1) | < 0.001 |
Acidemia | 572 (27.3) | 15 (4.6) | < 0.001 |
Urea > 25 mmol/L | 843 (38.8) | 115 (31.5) | 0.010 |
Creatinine > 300 µmol/L | 1087 (50.0) | 208 (57.0) | 0.015 |
High intensity group—no. (%) | 1084 (49.8) | 180 (49.0) | 0.822 |
Laboratory tests at baseline | |||
Urea, mmol/L | 20.3 (13.7–30.6) | 19.3 (13.6–27.5) | 0.031 |
Creatinine, µmol/L | 300.0 (212.2–410.0) | 309.4 (238.7–415.5) | 0.121 |
pH | 7.30 (7.21–7.37) | 7.36 (7.29–7.42) | < 0.001 |
Bicarbonate, mmol/L | 19.0 (16.0–23.0) | 22.0 (18.4–25.0) | < 0.001 |
Process of care
Primary outcome
CRRT (n = 2175) | IHD (n = 367) | Unadjusted analysis | Adjusted analysisa | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effect estimate (95% CI) | p value | Effect estimate (95% CI) | p value | |||
Primary outcome | ||||||
RRT dependence at day 28—no. (%) | 320 (14.7) | 113 (30.8) | SHR, 0.75 (0.67 to 0.83) | < 0.001 | SHR, 0.96 (0.84 to 1.10) | 0.570 |
Death before the event | 618 (28.4) | 95 (25.9) | ||||
Secondary outcomes | ||||||
RRT dependence at day 60—no. (%) | 145 (6.8) | 49 (13.7) | SHR, 0.75 (0.62 to 0.90) | 0.002 | SHR, 1.04 (0.85 to 1.28) | 0.670 |
Death before the event | 673 (31.3) | 109 (30.4) | ||||
RRT-free days at day 28 | 0.0 (0.0–22.0) | 0.0 (0.0–17.0) | COR, 1.38 (1.11 to 1.71) | 0.004 | COR, 1.45 (1.12 to 1.88) | 0.005 |
Mean ± SD | 9.1 ± 10.9 | 7.2 ± 10.2 | ||||
ICU length of stay, days | 9.0 (4.0–19.0) | 13.0 (7.0–25.0) | SHR, 0.82 (0.72 to 0.94)* | 0.003 | SHR, 1.03 (0.87 to 1.21)* | 0.750 |
In survivors | 11.0 (6.0–21.0) | 13.0 (7.0–25.0) | ||||
Hospital length of stay, days | 19.0 (9.0–36.0) | 25.0 (15.0–41.0) | SHR, 0.69 (0.60 to 0.81)* | < 0.001 | SHR, 0.81 (0.68 to 0.97)* | 0.025 |
In survivors | 28.0 (17.0–47.0) | 30.0 (18.0–44.0) | ||||
ICU mortality—no. (%) | 848 (39.0) | 108 (29.4) | OR, 1.53 (1.21 to 1.95) | < 0.001 | OR, 0.96 (0.71 to 1.29) | 0.778 |
Hospital mortality—no. (%) | 1016 (46.7) | 121 (33.0) | OR, 1.78 (1.41 to 2.26) | < 0.001 | OR, 1.14 (0.86 to 1.52) | 0.361 |
28-day mortality—no. (%) | 875 (40.2) | 114 (31.1) | HR, 1.38 (1.13 to 1.68)** | 0.001 | HR, 0.90 (0.72 to 1.12)** | 0.343 |
60-day mortality—no. (%) | 1005 (46.7) | 143 (39.4) | HR, 1.28 (1.07 to 1.52)** | 0.006 | HR, 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13)** | 0.434 |
Sensitivity analysis | ||||||
Among survivors at the longest follow-up—no. (%) | ||||||
RRT dependence at day 28 | 232 (20.9) | 90 (40.9) | OR, 0.38 (0.28 to 0.52) | < 0.001 | OR, 0.54 (0.37 to 0.80) | 0.002 |
RRT dependence at day 60 | 136 (12.3) | 49 (22.6) | OR, 0.48 (0.33 to 0.70) | < 0.001 | OR, 0.76 (0.48 to 1.22) | 0.261 |