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Erschienen in: Der Schmerz 1/2014

01.02.2014 | Schwerpunkt

Regionalanästhesiologische Verfahren im Kindesalter

Österreichische interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement bei Kindern

verfasst von: Dr. B. Messerer, M. Platzer, C. Justin, M. Vittinghoff

Erschienen in: Der Schmerz | Ausgabe 1/2014

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Zusammenfassung

Eine Regionalanästhesie sollte bei Kindern wann immer möglich zum Einsatz kommen. Sie ist als wesentliches Element eines multimodalen Schmerzmanagements anzusehen. Voraussetzung für die sichere und effektive Anwendung sind die genaue Kenntnis der anatomischen, physiologischen und pharmakologischen Unterschiede im Kindesalter, der Einsatz eines altersgerechten Equipments und das rasche Erkennen und Behandeln möglicher Komplikationen. Essenziell ist eine ausreichende Erfahrung sowohl in der Kinder- als auch in der Regionalanästhesie. Bei der Auswahl des für den jeweiligen Patienten idealen Regionalanästhesieverfahrens gilt der Leitsatz: „So zentral wie nötig, so peripher wie möglich.“ Eine Nutzen-Risiko-Abschätzung hat immer zu erfolgen. Sehr spezielle Techniken wie die thorakale und lumbale Epiduralanästhesie im Kindesalter müssen kinderanästhesiologischen Zentren vorbehalten bleiben, da Erfahrung erforderlich ist, die nur mit einer großen Fallzahl erworben und erhalten werden kann. Sehr wirkungsvoll sind aber bereits technisch einfache Verfahren wie die Kaudalanästhesie, der Peniswurzelblock und die Wundinfiltration. Auch wenn die Evidenz nach wie vor fehlt, stellt die ultraschallgesteuerte Anlage der Regionalanästhesie beim Kind heute die Methode der Wahl dar. Der Einsatz wird zu einer erhöhten Akzeptanz und Anwenderfreundlichkeit der Verfahren im Kindesalter führen. Mit der vorliegenden Handlungsempfehlung soll aufgezeigt werden, was bei der Durchführung einer Regionalanästhesie im Kindesalter allgemein beachtet werden muss. Es wird auch ein Überblick über die Verfahren der Regionalanästhesie bei Kindern gegeben.
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Metadaten
Titel
Regionalanästhesiologische Verfahren im Kindesalter
Österreichische interdisziplinäre Handlungsempfehlungen zum perioperativen Schmerzmanagement bei Kindern
verfasst von
Dr. B. Messerer
M. Platzer
C. Justin
M. Vittinghoff
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Der Schmerz / Ausgabe 1/2014
Print ISSN: 0932-433X
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-2129
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-013-1386-y

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