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Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 11/2008

01.11.2008 | Übersichten

Restless-legs-Syndrom, periodische Gliedmaßenbewegungen im Schlaf und Psychopharmakologie

verfasst von: PD Dr. S. Cohrs, A. Rodenbeck, M. Hornyak, D. Kunz

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 11/2008

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Zusammenfassung

Das Restless-legs-Syndrom (RLS) und das Syndrom der periodischen Gliedmaßenbewegungen (PLMS) finden sich in der Allgemeinbevölkerung mit einer hohen Prävalenz als primäre Form. Neben organischen Faktoren kann ein sekundäres RLS/PLMS durch verschiedene Medikamente, vor allem durch Psychopharmaka, ausgelöst werden. In Fallberichten und kleinen Fallserien wurden bei einigen Antidepressiva, Antipsychotika, Lithium und einem Entzug von Opioiden eine Auslösung oder Verstärkung eines RLS und PLMS beschrieben, während verschiedene als Phasenprophylaktika eingesetzte Antiepileptika sowie einige Benzodiazepine von therapeutischem Nutzen sein können. Systematische Untersuchungen oder kontrollierte Studien zu diesen unerwünschten Effekten von Psychopharmaka sind bislang nicht durchgeführt worden. Zu den Antidepressiva mit einer erhöhten Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit von RLS/PLMS zählen die selektiven Serotoninwiederaufnahmehemmer, Venlafaxin sowie einige tetrazyklische Antidepressiva; für verschiedene trizyklische Substanzen wurden vermehrt PLMS beobachtet. Für einige Antidepressiva mit anderem Transmitterprofil wie etwa Bupropion wurden in meist kleineren Studien RLS-/PLMS-lindernde oder zumindest diesbezüglich neutrale Effekte (Trazodon, Nortriptylin) beschrieben.
Im Falle eines Fortbestehens oder eines Neuauftretens einer Insomnie unter Psychopharmakotherapie sollte eine genaue Anamnese erhoben werden, um das Vorliegen eines RLS/PLMS als mögliche unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkung zu identifizieren. Falls klinisch möglich, sollte ein Umsetzversuch auf eine andere Substanz vorgenommen werden. Zur Behandlung eines RLS/PLMS bei psychotischen Patienten kann zusätzlich zum Umsetzen des Antipsychotikums eine Behandlung mit einem Antiepileptikum oder einem Benzodiazepin in Erwägung gezogen werden.
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Metadaten
Titel
Restless-legs-Syndrom, periodische Gliedmaßenbewegungen im Schlaf und Psychopharmakologie
verfasst von
PD Dr. S. Cohrs
A. Rodenbeck
M. Hornyak
D. Kunz
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 11/2008
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-008-2575-2

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