Background
Methods
Results
Literature search
Country | Study | Analysis type [16]a | Resource use includedb | Time horizon |
---|---|---|---|---|
Canada | Bernatsky et al. (2007) [36] | Cost description | Health care Productivity School days lost | 1 year |
Ens et al. (2013) [37] | Cost description | Family out-of-pocket Productivity | 1 year | |
Luca et al. (2016) [40] | Full economic evaluation | Health care | 5 years | |
Toupin et al. (2009) [35] | Resource use | Family out-of-pocket (complementary and alternative health care only) | 1 year | |
Ungar et al. (2011) [49] | Full economic evaluation | Health care Productivity | 1 year | |
Finland | Haapasaari et al. (2004) [39] | Cost description | Health care Family out-of-pocket Productivity | 1 year |
Pohjankoski et al. (2011) [43] | Cost-outcome description | Health care | 1 year | |
Germany | Minden et al. (2004) [41] | Cost description | Health care Family out-of-pocket Productivity | 1 year |
Minden et al. (2009) [42] | Cost description | Health care Education Family out-of-pocket Productivity School days lost | 1 year | |
The Netherlands | Prince et al. (2011) [44] | Cost-outcome description | Health care | 1 year |
United Kingdom | Angelis et al. (2016) [34] | Cost-outcome description | Health care Family out-of-pocket Productivity | 1 year |
Epps et al. (2005) [38] | Full economic evaluation | Health care Productivity | 6 months | |
Shepherd et al. (2016) [32] | Full economic evaluation | Health care | 30 years | |
Cost description | Health care | 1 year | ||
United States | Allaire et al. (1992) [33] | Cost description | Health care Education costs Family out-of-pocket Productivity | 1 year |
Rasu et al. (2015) [45] | Resource use | Productivity | 9 years | |
Seburg et al. (2015) [46] | Resource use | Family out-of-pocket (complementary and alternative health care only) | 1 year (inferred, but not reported clearly) | |
Multiple countries (Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom) | Kuhlmann et al. (2016) [9] | Cost-outcome description | Health care Social services Family out-of-pocket Productivity | 1 year |
Multiple countries (France, Germany, the Netherlands, United Kingdom, United States) | Shenoi et al. (2018) [50] | Cost-outcome description | Health care Education Family out-of-pocket Productivity School days lost | Assistive devices: over past 4 weeks as well from time since JIA onset. Productivity: 2 months |
Category | Type of cost or resource use item | Number of articles | |
---|---|---|---|
N | References | ||
Medical costs | Medication | 16 | |
DMARDs – non biologic | 11 | ||
Methotrexate (tablets or subcutaneous) | 8 | ||
Cyclosporin | 3 | ||
Hydroxychloroquine | 3 | ||
Sulphasalazine | 3 | ||
Leflunomide | 3 | ||
Other, or not specified | 6 | ||
DMARDs - biologic | 10 | ||
Etanercept | 6 | ||
Abatacept | 3 | ||
Infliximab | 3 | ||
Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) (not further specified) | 2 | ||
Other, or not specified | 3 | ||
Corticosteroids | 6 | ||
Prednisolone | 3 | ||
Glucocorticoids (systemic) | 3 | ||
Other, or not specified | 3 | ||
NSAIDs and analgesics | 8 | ||
Joint injections | 8 | ||
Eye drops/ointments | 3 | ||
Premedication | 2 | ||
Osteoporosis treatment/ prophylaxis | 2 | ||
Gastroprotective agents | 2 | ||
Other medication, or not specified | 7 | ||
Outpatient and inpatient hospital visits | 16 | ||
Outpatient stays/day-care/visits (including joint injection, and outpatient surgery) | 16 | ||
Inpatient stays/inpatient treatment/surgery (including joint replacement) | 13 | ||
Acute (including emergency room visits) | 6 | ||
Rehabilitation | 5 | ||
Medical professional visits | 14 | ||
Rheumatology paediatric visit (or telephone consultation) | 9 | ||
Ophthalmologist | 6 | ||
General practitioner visits | 5 | ||
Specialist nurse / district nurse | 4 | ||
Nephrologist/endocrinologist | 3 | ||
Other, or not specified | 5 | ||
Other medical visits (including paramedical care) | 13 | ||
Physiotherapist (at health centre or at home), including hydrotherapy | 11 | ||
Occupational therapist | 7 | ||
Podiatrist/orthotics | 4 | ||
Psychologist/counsellor | 4 | ||
Chiropractic | 2 | ||
Other, or not specified | 4 | ||
Laboratory tests | 14 | ||
Haemoglobin | 4 | ||
Haematocrit | 4 | ||
Platelets | 4 | ||
White blood cell count | 4 | ||
C-reactive protein (CRP) | 3 | ||
Liver function test | 2 | ||
Tuberculosis screening | 1 | [49] | |
Other, or not specified | 12 | ||
Imaging | 11 | ||
Radiography (X-ray) | 7 | ||
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | 5 | ||
Ultrasound | 5 | ||
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan | 4 | ||
Other, or not specified | 5 | ||
Splints and/or devices | 11 | ||
Orthopaedic devices (casts/splints/braces/ambulation aids wheelchair/stroller/walker frame) | 8 | ||
Other, or not specified | 5 | ||
Supplements and/or alternative medicine (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbal medicine) | 8 | ||
Folic acid | 3 | ||
Other, or not specified | 7 | ||
Drug administration costs | 6 | ||
Administering joint injections (incl. appointment and/or anaesthesia) | 4 | ||
Intravenous infusion (including bags and solutions) | 3 | ||
Other injections, which may include monitoring (by nurse/caregiver), and which may include training and/or caregiver time | 3 | ||
Other, or not specified | 1 | [49] | |
Overhead/fixed resources | 1 | [38] | |
Out-of-pocket patient/family costs | Transportation costs | 10 | |
Transportation, non-medical (including toll) | 7 | ||
Transportation, medical | 5 | ||
Other, or not specified | 3 | ||
(Other) out-of-pocket costs | 9 | ||
Home adaptations and special equipment (toilet seat appliance, bathtub or shower appliance, stair lift) | 5 | ||
Childcare for babysitting, also for other children (during medical visits/hospitalization of diseased child) | 4 | ||
Caregivers’ accommodations (e.g. when child is hospitalized/receives injection) | 4 | ||
Extra telephone costs | 3 | ||
Parking (for hospital and other medical visits) | 3 | ||
Money spend on food during medical visits | 2 | ||
Other, or not specified | 3 | ||
Social care services/home care/private and community services/ domestic help | 4 | ||
Use of social care services (i.e. formal (paid) care) and professional caregivers, including home medical care | 2 | ||
Use of private and community services/domestic help | 2 | ||
School costs | 3 | ||
Productivity costs | Productivity loss of caregivers (including informal caregiving) | 14 | |
Work/sick leave due to child’s illness, time lost due to health care appointments and/or due to informal caregiving (absenteeism) | 12 | ||
Cease employment/early retirement | 3 | ||
Other, or not specified (including reduced number of working hours, and presenteeism) | 3 | ||
Missed school days and productivity loss of patients | 8 | ||
Sick leave from school | 4 | ||
Sick leave from work | 3 | ||
Cease employment/early retirement | 3 | ||
Impact on future employment ability | 3 | ||
Missed school days of siblings | 1 | [50] |
Reporting of resource use and cost items
Data sources used to obtain resource use and unit costs
Category | Type of resource use item | Total | Source from which resource use was obtained [N (references)] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N [references]) | Questionnaire / inquiry with parent(s) or caregivers / child; recall | Chart review / medical records / patient files | Published / available data(base) or literature | Physician inquiry / caregiver inquiry/ expert opinion | (Case) report forms / collected during study (intervention) | From hospital | From health insurer | ||
Medical costs | Medication | 1 [43] | |||||||
Outpatient and inpatient hospital visits | 1 [44] | ||||||||
Medical professional visits | |||||||||
Other medical visits (including paramedical care) | |||||||||
Laboratory tests | |||||||||
Imaging | 1 [33] | 1 [44] | |||||||
Splints and/or devices | 1 [40] | ||||||||
Supplements and/or alternative medicine (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbal medicine) | 1 [41] | ||||||||
Drug administration costs | 1 [39] | ||||||||
Overhead/fixed resources | 1 [38] | 1 [38] | |||||||
Out-of-pocket patient/family costs | Transportation costs | ||||||||
(Other) out-of-pocket costs | |||||||||
Social care services/home care/ private and community services | 1 [34] | ||||||||
School costs | |||||||||
Productivity costs | Productivity loss of caregivers (including informal caregiving) | ||||||||
Missed school days and productivity loss of patients | 1 [41] | ||||||||
Missed school days of siblings | 1 [50] | 1 [50] |
Category | Type of cost item | Total | Unit costs obtained from [N (references)] | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(N [references]) | Medical charges / payment by results database / (average) reimbursement fee | Published / available data(base) or literature / guidelines | Hospital-based fees / costs | Questionnaire / inquiry with parent(s) / child; recall | Provided by manufacturer / supplier (e.g. pharmacist) | Assumption / not specified | Not costed | ||
Medical costs | Medication | 1 [38] | 1 [39] | ||||||
Outpatient and inpatient hospital visits | |||||||||
Medical professional visits and care | 1 [37] | ||||||||
Other medical visits (including paramedical care) | |||||||||
Laboratory tests | 1 [33] | ||||||||
Imaging | 1 [33] | ||||||||
Splints and/or devices | 1 [42] | ||||||||
Supplements and/or alternative medicine (e.g. vitamins, minerals, herbal medicine) | 1 [38] | ||||||||
Drug administration costs | 1 [49] | 1 [37] | 1 [39] | ||||||
Overhead/fixed resources | 1 [38] | 1 [38] | |||||||
Out-of-pocket patient/family costs | Transportation costs | 1 [36] | |||||||
(Other) out-of-pocket costs | |||||||||
Social care services/ home care/ private and community services/ domestic help | 1 [9] | 1 [34] | |||||||
School costs | |||||||||
Productivity costs | Productivity loss of caregivers (including informal caregiving) | ||||||||
Missed school days and productivity loss of patients | |||||||||
Missed school days of siblings | 0 |