Background
Methods
Study population
Physical examination
Laboratory test
Statistical analysis
Results
Baseline characteristics
Characteristics | ALL | NA | MA | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 839) | (n = 726) | (n = 113) | ||
Age (year) | 67 (61–72) | 62 (56–69) | 67 (62–72) | < 0.001 |
Males (%) | 289 (34.4) | 246 (33.9) | 43 (38.1) | 0.386 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.26 (23.11–27.64) | 25.11 (22.96–27.62) | 26.22 (24.29–27.70) | 0.009 |
Cigarette smoking (%) | 212 (25.3) | 169 (23.3) | 43 (38.1) | 0.001 |
Hypertension (%) | 501 (59.7) | 417 (57.4) | 84 (74.3) | 0.001 |
Type 2 diabetes (%) | 210 (25.0) | 182 (25.1) | 28 (24.8) | 0.947 |
SBP (mmHg) | 130 (120–144) | 130 (120–142) | 138 (123–157) | < 0.001 |
DBP (mmHg) | 77 (70–83) | 75 (70–81) | 80 (75–90) | < 0.001 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.53 (1.16–2.15) | 1.53 (1.15–2.12) | 1.54 (1.21–2.40) | 0.350 |
HDL-c (mmol/L) | 1.34 (1.10–1.59) | 1.33 (1.09–1.60) | 1.36 (1.15–1.54) | 0.695 |
LDL-c (mmol/L) | 3.01 (2.55–3.43) | 3.02 (2.56–3.42) | 2.95 (2.52–3.48) | 0.803 |
FBG (mmol/L) | 5.01 (4.35–5.79) | 4.88 (4.30–5.70) | 5.48 (4.92–6.39) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.82 (78.09–97.65) | 86.61 (78.13–97.57) | 89.09 (77.54–98.47) | 0.972 |
UMA (mg/L) | 1.39 (0.61–6.35) | 1.12 (0.55–2.93) | 41.04 (28.18–94.35) | < 0.001 |
UA (μmol/L) | 288.30 (241.80–343.00) | 288.60 (241.30–341.28) | 286.10 (244.65–348.05) | 0.455 |
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 18.30 (15.30–22.40) | 17.90 (15.10–21.63) | 20.70 (16.85–24.35) | < 0.001 |
HsCRP (mg/dl) | 0.21 (0.13–0.35) | 0.21 (0.13–0.35) | 0.21 (0.11–0.34) | 0.107 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 47.60 (23.20–90.00) | 45.20 (21.75–85.90) | 73.75 (36.94–132.10) | < 0.001 |
ACEI/ARBs (%) | 34 (4.1) | 23 (3.2) | 11 (9.7) | 0.002 |
Statins (%) | 32 (3.8) | 31 (4.3) | 1 (0.9) | 0.138 |
Single-marker analysis
Biomarkers | Models | UMA | |
---|---|---|---|
Standardized β value | P value | ||
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 1st stepa | 0.275 | < 0.001 |
2nd stepb | 0.236 | < 0.001 | |
3rd stepc | 0.223 | < 0.001 | |
HsCRP (mg/dl) | 1st stepa | −0.018 | 0.590 |
2nd stepb | −0.005 | 0.888 | |
3rd stepc | −0.002 | 0.943 | |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1st stepa | 0.152 | < 0.001 |
2nd stepb | 0.140 | < 0.001 | |
3rd stepc | 0.129 | < 0.001 | |
UA (μmol/L) | 1st stepa | 0.001 | 0.987 |
2nd stepb | −0.049 | 0.199 | |
3rd stepc | −0.054 | 0.148 |
Biomarkers | Models | MA | |
---|---|---|---|
OR value (95% CI) | P value | ||
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 1st stepa | 1.066 (1.041–1.092) | < 0.001 |
2nd stepb | 1.059 (1.031–1.087) | < 0.001 | |
3rd stepc | 1.059 (1.032–1.087) | < 0.001 | |
HsCRP (mg/dl) | 1st stepa | 0.742 (0.426–1.293) | 0.293 |
2nd stepb | 0.544 (0.256–1.160) | 0.115 | |
3rd stepc | 0.490 (0.218–1.098) | 0.083 | |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 1st stepa | 1.002 (1.001–1.003) | 0.006 |
2nd stepb | 1.002 (1.000–1.003) | 0.020 | |
3rd stepc | 1.001 (1.000–1.003) | 0.043 | |
UA (μmol/L) | 1st stepa | 1.002 (0.999–1.005) | 0.111 |
2nd stepb | 1.001 (0.998–1.005) | 0.415 | |
3rd stepc | 1.001 (0.998–1.005) | 0.478 |
Multi-marker analysis
AUC value (95% CI) | P value | |
---|---|---|
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 0.627 (0.572–0.682) | < 0.001 |
HsCRP (mg/dl) | 0.453 (0.393–0.513) | 0.108 |
NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 0.636 (0.585–0.687) | < 0.001 |
UA (μmol/L) | 0.522 (0.465–0.579) | 0.455 |