Introduction
Subjects and methods
Design and patients
Skin autofluorescence (SAF)
Outcomes
Statistical methods
Results
Characteristics of the population at inclusion
Subjects with new major adverse cardiovascular events during the follow-up
Major cardiovascular event | |||
---|---|---|---|
No (N = 210) | Yes (N = 22) | p | |
Age (years) | 50.54 ± 16.76 | 60.56 ± 13.30 | 0.007 |
Sex men | 121 (57.6) | 17 (77.2) | 0.07 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 3.7 | 27.1 ± 6.3 | 0.09 |
Diabetes duration (years) | 20.6 ± 12.8 | 29.6 ± 17.8 | 0.03 |
HbA1c (mmol/ml) in 2009 (%) | 7.6 ± 1.0 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 0.74 |
Insulin pump | 40 (19.0) | 5 (22.7) | 0.77 |
Smoking habits (n = 219) | 51 (25.8) | 4 (18.1) | 0.43 |
HDL (g/l) (n = 222) | 0.64 ± 0.19 | 0.58 ± 0.17 | 0.17 |
LDL (g/l) (n =t221) | 1.03 ± 0.29 | 1.04 ± 0.33 | 0.88 |
Triglycerides (g/l) (n = 205) | 0.89 ± 0.63 | 1.11 ± 0.53 | 0.13 |
Statin at baseline (n = 222) | 45 (22.5) | 13 (59.0) | 0.0002 |
Hypertension | 87 (41.43) | 18 (81.82) | 0.0003 |
Previous history of MACE | 13 (6.19) | 10 (45.45) | < 0.0001 |
eGFR (mL/min) (n = 225) | |||
≥ 60 | 179 (88.18) | 13 (59.09) | 0.001 |
< 60 | 24 (11.82) | 9 (40.91) | |
Albumin excretion rate (mg/24 h) (n = 227) | |||
< 30 | 179 (86.89) | 12 (57.14) | 0.002 |
≥ 30 | 27 (13.11) | 9 (42.86) | |
SAF (AU) | 2.08 (0.54) | 2.63 (0.73) | 0.002 |
SAF and new major adverse cardiovascular events (Table 2, Fig. 1)
HR | 95% Confidence interval | p | |
---|---|---|---|
SAF (per 1 AU) | 4.13 | 1.30; 13.07 | 0.02 |
Sex | |||
Men | 4.15 | 0.87; 19.77 | 0.07 |
BMI (per 1 kg/m2) | 1.11 | 0.96; 1.27 | 0.16 |
MACE at baseline | |||
Yes | 3.01 | 0.99; 9.08 | 0.05 |
Statins baseline | |||
Yes | 2.55 | 0.77; 8.47 | 0.13 |
eGFR (mL/min) | |||
< 60 | 1.54 | 0.32; 7.31 | 0.59 |
Albumin excretion rate (mg/24 h) | |||
≥ 30 | 1.92 | 0.54; 6.88 | 0.32 |
Hypertension | |||
Yes | 2.70 | 0.61; 11.98 | 0.19 |
Diabetes duration in 2009 (per 1 year) | 1.02 | 0.98; 1.06 | 0.38 |