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CNS Drugs
Erschienen in: CNS Drugs 8/2005

01.08.2005 | Review Article

The Opioidergic-Alcohol Link

Implications for Treatment

verfasst von: Dr Vania Modesto-Lowe, Eleanor M. Fritz

Erschienen in: CNS Drugs | Ausgabe 8/2005

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Abstract

Preclinical and clinical data implicate the endogenous opioid system in alcohol dependence. In vitro studies show that rodent pituitary and hypothalamic tissue responds to acute exposure to alcohol by releasing β-endorphins. In vivo studies suggest differential activity of endogenous opioid receptors in rodents with high and low alcohol preference. Similarly, humans with a family history of alcohol dependence also show a heightened endorphin response to an acute challenge of alcohol compared with those with no family history of alcohol dependence.
The effects of opioid agonists and antagonists on rodent and human alcohol consumption further support the opioid-alcohol link. In rodents and humans, small doses of opioid agonists increase alcohol consumption, while pretreatment with large doses decreases consumption. The opioid antagonist naltrexone decreases rodent alcohol consumption, particularly in low doses under acute and intermittent schedules.
Most clinical trials in patients with alcohol dependence support modest therapeutic effects of naltrexone in decreasing alcohol consumption. Efforts to identify subgroups of alcohol-dependent patients responsive to naltrexone, as well as psychosocial and pharmacological augmentation strategies, may further improve the clinical usefulness of the drug.
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Metadaten
Titel
The Opioidergic-Alcohol Link
Implications for Treatment
verfasst von
Dr Vania Modesto-Lowe
Eleanor M. Fritz
Publikationsdatum
01.08.2005
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
CNS Drugs / Ausgabe 8/2005
Print ISSN: 1172-7047
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1934
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00023210-200519080-00005

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