Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine 9/2015

01.09.2015 | Understanding the Disease

Understanding toxic shock syndrome

verfasst von: Jason P. Burnham, Marin H. Kollef

Erschienen in: Intensive Care Medicine | Ausgabe 9/2015

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Excerpt

Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a fulminant Gram positive infection, typically due to Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, though small series have described similar syndromes in closely related pathogens, including group B, C, and G streptococci. The annual incidence of staphylococcal TSS (SaTSS) is about 0.5/100,000 and about 0.4/100,000 for streptococcal TSS (SeTSS), though local rates may vary [1, 2]. Mortality rates are below 5 % for menstrual SaTSS, 5–22 % for non-menstrual SaTSS, and 30–70 % for SeTSS [25]. …
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R (2011) Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000–2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics. PLoS One 6:e22997PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed DeVries AS, Lesher L, Schlievert PM, Rogers T, Villaume LG, Danila R, Lynfield R (2011) Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 2000–2006: epidemiology, clinical features, and molecular characteristics. PLoS One 6:e22997PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Lamagni TL, Darenberg J, Luca-Harari B, Siljander T, Efstratiou A, Henriques-Normark B, Vuopio-Varkila J, Bouvet A, Creti R, Ekelund K, Koliou M, Reinert RR, Stathi A, Strakova L, Ungureanu V, Schalen C, Jasir A (2008) Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe. J Clin Microbiol 46:2359–2367PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Lamagni TL, Darenberg J, Luca-Harari B, Siljander T, Efstratiou A, Henriques-Normark B, Vuopio-Varkila J, Bouvet A, Creti R, Ekelund K, Koliou M, Reinert RR, Stathi A, Strakova L, Ungureanu V, Schalen C, Jasir A (2008) Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe. J Clin Microbiol 46:2359–2367PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Kain KC, Schulzer M, Chow AW (1993) Clinical spectrum of nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS): comparison with menstrual TSS by multivariate discriminant analyses. Clin Infect Dis 16:100–106CrossRefPubMed Kain KC, Schulzer M, Chow AW (1993) Clinical spectrum of nonmenstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS): comparison with menstrual TSS by multivariate discriminant analyses. Clin Infect Dis 16:100–106CrossRefPubMed
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Descloux E, Perpoint T, Ferry T, Lina G, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Mohammedi I, Etienne J (2008) One in five mortality in non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome versus no mortality in menstrual cases in a balanced French series of 55 cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27:37–43CrossRefPubMed Descloux E, Perpoint T, Ferry T, Lina G, Bes M, Vandenesch F, Mohammedi I, Etienne J (2008) One in five mortality in non-menstrual toxic shock syndrome versus no mortality in menstrual cases in a balanced French series of 55 cases. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 27:37–43CrossRefPubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Hajjeh RA, Reingold A, Weil A, Shutt K, Schuchat A, Perkins BA (1999) Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979 1996. Emerg Infect Dis 5:807–810PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Hajjeh RA, Reingold A, Weil A, Shutt K, Schuchat A, Perkins BA (1999) Toxic shock syndrome in the United States: surveillance update, 1979 1996. Emerg Infect Dis 5:807–810PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Parsonnet J, Hansmann MA, Delaney ML, Modern PA, Dubois AM, Wieland-Alter W, Wissemann KW, Wild JE, Jones MB, Seymour JL, Onderdonk AB (2005) Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of antibodies to this superantigen in menstruating women. J Clin Microbiol 43:4628–4634PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Parsonnet J, Hansmann MA, Delaney ML, Modern PA, Dubois AM, Wieland-Alter W, Wissemann KW, Wild JE, Jones MB, Seymour JL, Onderdonk AB (2005) Prevalence of toxic shock syndrome toxin 1-producing Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of antibodies to this superantigen in menstruating women. J Clin Microbiol 43:4628–4634PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Davies HD, McGeer A, Schwartz B, Green K, Cann D, Simor AE, Low DE (1996) Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group. N Engl J Med 335:547–554CrossRefPubMed Davies HD, McGeer A, Schwartz B, Green K, Cann D, Simor AE, Low DE (1996) Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group. N Engl J Med 335:547–554CrossRefPubMed
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Holm SE, Norrby A, Bergholm AM, Norgren M (1992) Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988–1989. J Infect Dis 166:31–37CrossRefPubMed Holm SE, Norrby A, Bergholm AM, Norgren M (1992) Aspects of pathogenesis of serious group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, 1988–1989. J Infect Dis 166:31–37CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, Bayer AS, Tang AW, Phung TO, Spellberg B (2005) Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles. N Engl J Med 352:1445–1453CrossRefPubMed Miller LG, Perdreau-Remington F, Rieg G, Mehdi S, Perlroth J, Bayer AS, Tang AW, Phung TO, Spellberg B (2005) Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles. N Engl J Med 352:1445–1453CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Schlievert PM (1986) Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 are significantly associated with non-menstrual TSS. Lancet 1:1149–1150CrossRefPubMed Schlievert PM (1986) Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and toxic-shock syndrome toxin-1 are significantly associated with non-menstrual TSS. Lancet 1:1149–1150CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee VT, Chang AH, Chow AW (1992) Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B among toxic shock syndrome (TSS)- and non-TSS-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J Infect Dis 166:911–915CrossRefPubMed Lee VT, Chang AH, Chow AW (1992) Detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B among toxic shock syndrome (TSS)- and non-TSS-associated Staphylococcus aureus isolates. J Infect Dis 166:911–915CrossRefPubMed
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens DL, Wallace RJ, Hamilton SM, Bryant AE (2006) Successful treatment of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome with linezolid: a case report and in vitro evaluation of the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin type 1 in the presence of antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 42:729–730CrossRefPubMed Stevens DL, Wallace RJ, Hamilton SM, Bryant AE (2006) Successful treatment of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome with linezolid: a case report and in vitro evaluation of the production of toxic shock syndrome toxin type 1 in the presence of antibiotics. Clin Infect Dis 42:729–730CrossRefPubMed
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Carapetis JR, Jacoby P, Carville K, Ang SJ, Curtis N, Andrews R (2014) Effectiveness of clindamycin and intravenous immunoglobulin, and risk of disease in contacts, in invasive group a streptococcal infections. Clin Infect Dis 59:358–365CrossRefPubMed Carapetis JR, Jacoby P, Carville K, Ang SJ, Curtis N, Andrews R (2014) Effectiveness of clindamycin and intravenous immunoglobulin, and risk of disease in contacts, in invasive group a streptococcal infections. Clin Infect Dis 59:358–365CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Stevens DL, Ma Y, Salmi DB, McIndoo E, Wallace RJ, Bryant AE (2007) Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis 195:202–211CrossRefPubMed Stevens DL, Ma Y, Salmi DB, McIndoo E, Wallace RJ, Bryant AE (2007) Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Infect Dis 195:202–211CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Coyle EA, Cha R, Rybak MJ (2003) Influences of linezolid, penicillin, and clindamycin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a release. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1752–1755PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed Coyle EA, Cha R, Rybak MJ (2003) Influences of linezolid, penicillin, and clindamycin, alone and in combination, on streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin a release. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 47:1752–1755PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Darenberg J, Ihendyane N, Sjolin J, Aufwerber E, Haidl S, Follin P, Andersson J, Norrby-Teglund A (2003) Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 37:333–340CrossRefPubMed Darenberg J, Ihendyane N, Sjolin J, Aufwerber E, Haidl S, Follin P, Andersson J, Norrby-Teglund A (2003) Intravenous immunoglobulin G therapy in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a European randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis 37:333–340CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Linner A, Darenberg J, Sjolin J, Henriques-Normark B, Norrby-Teglund A (2014) Clinical efficacy of polyspecific intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a comparative observational study. Clin Infect Dis 59:851–857CrossRefPubMed Linner A, Darenberg J, Sjolin J, Henriques-Normark B, Norrby-Teglund A (2014) Clinical efficacy of polyspecific intravenous immunoglobulin therapy in patients with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome: a comparative observational study. Clin Infect Dis 59:851–857CrossRefPubMed
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Matsushima A, Kuroki Y, Nakajima S, Sakai T, Kojima H, Ueyama M (2014) Low level of TSST-1 antibody in burn patients with toxic shock syndrome caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Burn Care Res. doi:10.1097/BCR.0000000000000128 Matsushima A, Kuroki Y, Nakajima S, Sakai T, Kojima H, Ueyama M (2014) Low level of TSST-1 antibody in burn patients with toxic shock syndrome caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Burn Care Res. doi:10.​1097/​BCR.​0000000000000128​
Metadaten
Titel
Understanding toxic shock syndrome
verfasst von
Jason P. Burnham
Marin H. Kollef
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Intensive Care Medicine / Ausgabe 9/2015
Print ISSN: 0342-4642
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1238
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-015-3861-7

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2015

Intensive Care Medicine 9/2015 Zur Ausgabe

What's New in Intensive Care

What’s new in sedation strategies?

Akuter Schwindel: Wann lohnt sich eine MRT?

28.04.2024 Schwindel Nachrichten

Akuter Schwindel stellt oft eine diagnostische Herausforderung dar. Wie nützlich dabei eine MRT ist, hat eine Studie aus Finnland untersucht. Immerhin einer von sechs Patienten wurde mit akutem ischämischem Schlaganfall diagnostiziert.

Bei schweren Reaktionen auf Insektenstiche empfiehlt sich eine spezifische Immuntherapie

Insektenstiche sind bei Erwachsenen die häufigsten Auslöser einer Anaphylaxie. Einen wirksamen Schutz vor schweren anaphylaktischen Reaktionen bietet die allergenspezifische Immuntherapie. Jedoch kommt sie noch viel zu selten zum Einsatz.

Hinter dieser Appendizitis steckte ein Erreger

23.04.2024 Appendizitis Nachrichten

Schmerzen im Unterbauch, aber sonst nicht viel, was auf eine Appendizitis hindeutete: Ein junger Mann hatte Glück, dass trotzdem eine Laparoskopie mit Appendektomie durchgeführt und der Wurmfortsatz histologisch untersucht wurde.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.