Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 5/2014

01.05.2014 | Leitthema

Update zu Pharmakologie und Wirkung von Lokalanästhetika

verfasst von: J. Ahrens, Prof. Dr. A. Leffler

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 5/2014

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Lokalanästhetika (LA) sind fächerübergreifend allgegenwärtig, aber über die Wirkmechanismen dieser alten Substanzgruppe wird im klinischen Alltag wenig reflektiert. Hinter ihren Wirk- und Nebenwirkungsprofilen verbergen sich noch immer unerkannte molekulare Mechanismen, und der Anwendungsbereich von LA scheint sich immer wieder zu vergrößern. Der lokalanästhetische Effekt von LA wird primär durch eine potente Inhibition spannungsabhängiger Natriumkanäle vermittelt. Zugrunde liegt allerdings mehr als die Interaktion von LA mit einem einzelnen Molekül. Durch neueste Entwicklungen scheint die Realisierung von selektiven Lokalanästhetika möglich zu sein. Aufgrund der Vielfalt von Mechanismen können LA auch systemische Effekte wie Analgesie, Gewebsprotektion und Entzündungshemmung bewirken. Die systemische LA-Applikation ist allerdings formal nicht zugelassen, da die therapeutische Breite sehr gering ist. Die drohende systemische Toxizität stellt nach wie vor eine lebensbedrohliche Komplikation dar. Die kardiale und zentralnervöse Toxizität von LA werden als Ergebnis einer unselektiven Blockade neuronaler und kardialer Natriumkanäle betrachtet; hierbei implizieren präklinische Studien die Beteiligung weiterer Mechanismen. Die lokale Toxizität von LA verläuft oft klinisch inapparent, jedoch vermitteln alle LA eine erhebliche Gewebstoxizität, deren molekulare Mechanismen nur teilweise aufgeklärt werden konnten. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit werden aktuelle Erkenntnisse über die Mechanismen und den klinischen Stellenwert einiger Effekte von LA vorgestellt, die für das anästhesiologische Handeln wissenswert sind.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Abrahams MS, Aziz MF, Fu RF, Horn JL (2009) Ultrasound guidance compared with electrical neurostimulation for peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth 102:408–417PubMedCrossRef Abrahams MS, Aziz MF, Fu RF, Horn JL (2009) Ultrasound guidance compared with electrical neurostimulation for peripheral nerve block: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Br J Anaesth 102:408–417PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Auroy Y, Benhamou D, Bargues L et al (2002) Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: the SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology 97:1274–1280PubMedCrossRef Auroy Y, Benhamou D, Bargues L et al (2002) Major complications of regional anesthesia in France: the SOS Regional Anesthesia Hotline Service. Anesthesiology 97:1274–1280PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Barrington MJ, Watts SA, Gledhill SR et al (2009) Preliminary results of the Australasian Regional Anaesthesia Collaboration: a prospective audit of more than 7000 peripheral nerve and plexus blocks for neurologic and other complications. Reg Anesth Pain Med 34:534–541PubMedCrossRef Barrington MJ, Watts SA, Gledhill SR et al (2009) Preliminary results of the Australasian Regional Anaesthesia Collaboration: a prospective audit of more than 7000 peripheral nerve and plexus blocks for neurologic and other complications. Reg Anesth Pain Med 34:534–541PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Batai I, Bogar L, Juhasz V et al (2009) A comparison of the antimicrobial property of lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) and an alcohol-based disinfectant on intact human skin flora. Anesth Analg 108:666–668PubMedCrossRef Batai I, Bogar L, Juhasz V et al (2009) A comparison of the antimicrobial property of lidocaine/prilocaine cream (EMLA) and an alcohol-based disinfectant on intact human skin flora. Anesth Analg 108:666–668PubMedCrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Baumann A, Audibert G, Klein O et al (2009) Continuous intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of paralytic ileus due to severe spinal cord injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:128–130PubMedCrossRef Baumann A, Audibert G, Klein O et al (2009) Continuous intravenous lidocaine in the treatment of paralytic ileus due to severe spinal cord injury. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 53:128–130PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Biki B, Mascha E, Moriarty DC et al (2008) Anesthetic technique for radical prostatectomy surgery affects cancer recurrence: a retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology 109:180–187PubMedCrossRef Biki B, Mascha E, Moriarty DC et al (2008) Anesthetic technique for radical prostatectomy surgery affects cancer recurrence: a retrospective analysis. Anesthesiology 109:180–187PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Binczak M, Tournay E, Billard V et al (2013) Major abdominal surgery for cancer: does epidural analgesia have a long-term effect on recurrence-free and overall survival? Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 32:e81–e88PubMedCrossRef Binczak M, Tournay E, Billard V et al (2013) Major abdominal surgery for cancer: does epidural analgesia have a long-term effect on recurrence-free and overall survival? Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 32:e81–e88PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Binshtok AM, Bean BP, Woolf CJ (2007) Inhibition of nociceptors by TRPV1-mediated entry of impermeant sodium channel blockers. Nature 449:607–610PubMedCrossRef Binshtok AM, Bean BP, Woolf CJ (2007) Inhibition of nociceptors by TRPV1-mediated entry of impermeant sodium channel blockers. Nature 449:607–610PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Binshtok AM, Gerner P, Oh SB et al (2009) Coapplication of lidocaine and the permanently charged sodium channel blocker QX-314 produces a long-lasting nociceptive blockade in rodents. Anesthesiology 111:127–137PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Binshtok AM, Gerner P, Oh SB et al (2009) Coapplication of lidocaine and the permanently charged sodium channel blocker QX-314 produces a long-lasting nociceptive blockade in rodents. Anesthesiology 111:127–137PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Black JA, Westenbroek R, Minturn JE et al (1995) Isoform-specific expression of sodium channels in astrocytes in vitro: immunocytochemical observations. Glia 14:133–144PubMedCrossRef Black JA, Westenbroek R, Minturn JE et al (1995) Isoform-specific expression of sodium channels in astrocytes in vitro: immunocytochemical observations. Glia 14:133–144PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Blumenthal S, Borgeat A, Pasch T et al (2006) Ropivacaine decreases inflammation in experimental endotoxin-induced lung injury. Anesthesiology 104:961–969PubMedCrossRef Blumenthal S, Borgeat A, Pasch T et al (2006) Ropivacaine decreases inflammation in experimental endotoxin-induced lung injury. Anesthesiology 104:961–969PubMedCrossRef
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Butterworth JF 4th (2010) Models and mechanisms of local anesthetic cardiac toxicity: a review. Reg Anesth Pain Med 35:167–176PubMedCrossRef Butterworth JF 4th (2010) Models and mechanisms of local anesthetic cardiac toxicity: a review. Reg Anesth Pain Med 35:167–176PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Catterall WA (2014) Sodium channels, inherited epilepsy, and antiepileptic drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 54:317–338PubMedCrossRef Catterall WA (2014) Sodium channels, inherited epilepsy, and antiepileptic drugs. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 54:317–338PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Catterall WA, Goldin AL, Waxman SG (2005) International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated sodium channels. Pharmacol Rev 57:397–409PubMedCrossRef Catterall WA, Goldin AL, Waxman SG (2005) International Union of Pharmacology. XLVII. Nomenclature and structure-function relationships of voltage-gated sodium channels. Pharmacol Rev 57:397–409PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Christopherson R, James KE, Tableman M et al (2008) Long-term survival after colon cancer surgery: a variation associated with choice of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 107:325–332PubMedCrossRef Christopherson R, James KE, Tableman M et al (2008) Long-term survival after colon cancer surgery: a variation associated with choice of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 107:325–332PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu CR, Izzo NJ, Coyle CH et al (2008) The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90:814–820PubMedCrossRef Chu CR, Izzo NJ, Coyle CH et al (2008) The in vitro effects of bupivacaine on articular chondrocytes. J Bone Joint Surg Br 90:814–820PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Chu CR, Izzo NJ, Papas NE et al (2006) In vitro exposure to 0.5 % bupivacaine is cytotoxic to bovine articular chondrocytes. Arthroscopy 22:693–699PubMedCrossRef Chu CR, Izzo NJ, Papas NE et al (2006) In vitro exposure to 0.5 % bupivacaine is cytotoxic to bovine articular chondrocytes. Arthroscopy 22:693–699PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Coghlan MW, Davies MJ, Hoyt C et al (2009) Antibacterial activity of epidural infusions. Anaesth Intensive Care 37:66–69PubMed Coghlan MW, Davies MJ, Hoyt C et al (2009) Antibacterial activity of epidural infusions. Anaesth Intensive Care 37:66–69PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox B, Durieux ME, Marcus MA (2003) Toxicity of local anaesthetics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 17:111–136PubMedCrossRef Cox B, Durieux ME, Marcus MA (2003) Toxicity of local anaesthetics. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 17:111–136PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Cox JJ, Reimann F, Nicholas AK et al (2006) An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature 444:894–898PubMedCrossRef Cox JJ, Reimann F, Nicholas AK et al (2006) An SCN9A channelopathy causes congenital inability to experience pain. Nature 444:894–898PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Cummings KC 3rd, Xu F, Cummings LC et al (2012) A comparison of epidural analgesia and traditional pain management effects on survival and cancer recurrence after colectomy: a population-based study. Anesthesiology 116:797–806PubMedCrossRef Cummings KC 3rd, Xu F, Cummings LC et al (2012) A comparison of epidural analgesia and traditional pain management effects on survival and cancer recurrence after colectomy: a population-based study. Anesthesiology 116:797–806PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Day A, Smith R, Jourdan I et al (2012) Retrospective analysis of the effect of postoperative analgesia on survival in patients after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer. Br J Anaesth 109:185–190PubMedCrossRef Day A, Smith R, Jourdan I et al (2012) Retrospective analysis of the effect of postoperative analgesia on survival in patients after laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer. Br J Anaesth 109:185–190PubMedCrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat De Oliveira GS Jr, Ahmad S, Schink JC et al (2011) Intraoperative neuraxial anesthesia but not postoperative neuraxial analgesia is associated with increased relapse-free survival in ovarian cancer patients after primary cytoreductive surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 36:271–277CrossRef De Oliveira GS Jr, Ahmad S, Schink JC et al (2011) Intraoperative neuraxial anesthesia but not postoperative neuraxial analgesia is associated with increased relapse-free survival in ovarian cancer patients after primary cytoreductive surgery. Reg Anesth Pain Med 36:271–277CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Du G, Chen X, Todorovic MS et al (2011) TASK channel deletion reduces sensitivity to local anesthetic-induced seizures. Anesthesiology 115:1003–1011PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Du G, Chen X, Todorovic MS et al (2011) TASK channel deletion reduces sensitivity to local anesthetic-induced seizures. Anesthesiology 115:1003–1011PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Exadaktylos AK, Buggy DJ, Moriarty DC et al (2006) Can anesthetic technique for primary breast cancer surgery affect recurrence or metastasis? Anesthesiology 105:660–664PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Exadaktylos AK, Buggy DJ, Moriarty DC et al (2006) Can anesthetic technique for primary breast cancer surgery affect recurrence or metastasis? Anesthesiology 105:660–664PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Forget P, De Kock M (2009) Could anaesthesia, analgesia and sympathetic modulation affect neoplasic recurrence after surgery? A systematic review centred over the modulation of natural killer cells activity. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 28:751–768PubMedCrossRef Forget P, De Kock M (2009) Could anaesthesia, analgesia and sympathetic modulation affect neoplasic recurrence after surgery? A systematic review centred over the modulation of natural killer cells activity. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 28:751–768PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Forget P, Tombal B, Scholtes JL et al (2011) Do intraoperative analgesics influence oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer? Eur J Anaesthesiol 28:830–835PubMedCrossRef Forget P, Tombal B, Scholtes JL et al (2011) Do intraoperative analgesics influence oncological outcomes after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer? Eur J Anaesthesiol 28:830–835PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Gerner P, Binshtok AM, Wang CF et al (2008) Capsaicin combined with local anesthetics preferentially prolongs sensory/nociceptive block in rat sciatic nerve. Anesthesiology 109:872–878PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Gerner P, Binshtok AM, Wang CF et al (2008) Capsaicin combined with local anesthetics preferentially prolongs sensory/nociceptive block in rat sciatic nerve. Anesthesiology 109:872–878PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottschalk A, Brodner G, Van Aken HK et al (2012) Can regional anaesthesia for lymph-node dissection improve the prognosis in malignant melanoma? Br J Anaesth 109:253–259PubMedCrossRef Gottschalk A, Brodner G, Van Aken HK et al (2012) Can regional anaesthesia for lymph-node dissection improve the prognosis in malignant melanoma? Br J Anaesth 109:253–259PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Gottschalk A, Ford JG, Regelin CC et al (2010) Association between epidural analgesia and cancer recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery. Anesthesiology 113:27–34PubMedCrossRef Gottschalk A, Ford JG, Regelin CC et al (2010) Association between epidural analgesia and cancer recurrence after colorectal cancer surgery. Anesthesiology 113:27–34PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Groudine SB, Fisher HA, Kaufman RP Jr et al (1998) Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 86:235–239PubMed Groudine SB, Fisher HA, Kaufman RP Jr et al (1998) Intravenous lidocaine speeds the return of bowel function, decreases postoperative pain, and shortens hospital stay in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 86:235–239PubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Gupta A, Bjornsson A, Fredriksson M et al (2011) Reduction in mortality after epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in patients undergoing rectal but not colonic cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis of data from 655 patients in central Sweden. Br J Anaesth 107:164–170PubMedCrossRef Gupta A, Bjornsson A, Fredriksson M et al (2011) Reduction in mortality after epidural anaesthesia and analgesia in patients undergoing rectal but not colonic cancer surgery: a retrospective analysis of data from 655 patients in central Sweden. Br J Anaesth 107:164–170PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Hackel D, Krug SM, Sauer RS et al (2012) Transient opening of the perineurial barrier for analgesic drug delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E2018–E2027PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hackel D, Krug SM, Sauer RS et al (2012) Transient opening of the perineurial barrier for analgesic drug delivery. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109:E2018–E2027PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Harvey KP, Adair JD, Isho M et al (2009) Can intravenous lidocaine decrease postsurgical ileus and shorten hospital stay in elective bowel surgery? A pilot study and literature review. Am J Surg 198:231–236PubMedCrossRef Harvey KP, Adair JD, Isho M et al (2009) Can intravenous lidocaine decrease postsurgical ileus and shorten hospital stay in elective bowel surgery? A pilot study and literature review. Am J Surg 198:231–236PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Herminghaus A, Wachowiak M, Wilhelm W et al (2011) Intravenous administration of lidocaine for perioperative analgesia. Review and recommendations for practical usage. Anaesthesist 60:152–160PubMedCrossRef Herminghaus A, Wachowiak M, Wilhelm W et al (2011) Intravenous administration of lidocaine for perioperative analgesia. Review and recommendations for practical usage. Anaesthesist 60:152–160PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Herroeder S, Pecher S, Schonherr ME et al (2007) Systemic lidocaine shortens length of hospital stay after colorectal surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Surg 246:192–200PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Herroeder S, Pecher S, Schonherr ME et al (2007) Systemic lidocaine shortens length of hospital stay after colorectal surgery: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Surg 246:192–200PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952) The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol 116:473–496PubMedCentralPubMed Hodgkin AL, Huxley AF (1952) The components of membrane conductance in the giant axon of Loligo. J Physiol 116:473–496PubMedCentralPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Ismail MS, Amer AS, Wahba O et al (2010) Effect of antioxidants on markers of apoptosis in postoperative radiotherapy of cancer cervix. Gulf J Oncolog 7:8–13PubMed Ismail MS, Amer AS, Wahba O et al (2010) Effect of antioxidants on markers of apoptosis in postoperative radiotherapy of cancer cervix. Gulf J Oncolog 7:8–13PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson ME, Uhl CB, Spittler KH et al (2004) Mitochondrial injury and caspase activation by the local anesthetic lidocaine. Anesthesiology 101:1184–1194PubMedCrossRef Johnson ME, Uhl CB, Spittler KH et al (2004) Mitochondrial injury and caspase activation by the local anesthetic lidocaine. Anesthesiology 101:1184–1194PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Johnson SM, Saint John BE, Dine AP (2008) Local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents: a review. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 9:205–213 Johnson SM, Saint John BE, Dine AP (2008) Local anesthetics as antimicrobial agents: a review. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 9:205–213
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kitagawa N, Oda M, Totoki T (2004) Possible mechanism of irreversible nerve injury caused by local anesthetics: detergent properties of local anesthetics and membrane disruption. Anesthesiology 100:962–967PubMedCrossRef Kitagawa N, Oda M, Totoki T (2004) Possible mechanism of irreversible nerve injury caused by local anesthetics: detergent properties of local anesthetics and membrane disruption. Anesthesiology 100:962–967PubMedCrossRef
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Kuo CP, Jao SW, Chen KM et al (2006) Comparison of the effects of thoracic epidural analgesia and i.v. infusion with lidocaine on cytokine response, postoperative pain and bowel function in patients undergoing colonic surgery. Br J Anaesth 97:640–646PubMedCrossRef Kuo CP, Jao SW, Chen KM et al (2006) Comparison of the effects of thoracic epidural analgesia and i.v. infusion with lidocaine on cytokine response, postoperative pain and bowel function in patients undergoing colonic surgery. Br J Anaesth 97:640–646PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Lai R, Peng Z, Chen D et al (2012) The effects of anesthetic technique on cancer recurrence in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Anesth Analg 114:290–296PubMedCrossRef Lai R, Peng Z, Chen D et al (2012) The effects of anesthetic technique on cancer recurrence in percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Anesth Analg 114:290–296PubMedCrossRef
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Lampert A, O’Reilly AO, Reeh P et al (2010) Sodium channelopathies and pain. Pflugers Arch 460:249–263PubMedCrossRef Lampert A, O’Reilly AO, Reeh P et al (2010) Sodium channelopathies and pain. Pflugers Arch 460:249–263PubMedCrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Leffler A, Fischer MJ, Rehner D et al (2008) The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is activated and sensitized by local anesthetics in rodent sensory neurons. J Clin Invest 118:763–776PubMedCentralPubMed Leffler A, Fischer MJ, Rehner D et al (2008) The vanilloid receptor TRPV1 is activated and sensitized by local anesthetics in rodent sensory neurons. J Clin Invest 118:763–776PubMedCentralPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Leffler A, Frank G, Kistner K et al (2012) Local anesthetic-like inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) channels by the partial mu-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine. Anesthesiology 116:1335–1346PubMedCrossRef Leffler A, Frank G, Kistner K et al (2012) Local anesthetic-like inhibition of voltage-gated Na(+) channels by the partial mu-opioid receptor agonist buprenorphine. Anesthesiology 116:1335–1346PubMedCrossRef
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Lei B, Popp S, Capuano-Waters C et al (2004) Lidocaine attenuates apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra and reduces infarct size after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 125:691–701PubMedCrossRef Lei B, Popp S, Capuano-Waters C et al (2004) Lidocaine attenuates apoptosis in the ischemic penumbra and reduces infarct size after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 125:691–701PubMedCrossRef
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Lin L, Liu C, Tan H et al (2011) Anaesthetic technique may affect prognosis for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Br J Anaesth 106:814–822PubMedCrossRef Lin L, Liu C, Tan H et al (2011) Anaesthetic technique may affect prognosis for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma: a retrospective analysis. Br J Anaesth 106:814–822PubMedCrossRef
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Lirk P, Berger R, Hollmann MW et al (2012) Lidocaine time- and dose-dependently demethylates deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Br J Anaesth 109:200–207PubMedCrossRef Lirk P, Berger R, Hollmann MW et al (2012) Lidocaine time- and dose-dependently demethylates deoxyribonucleic acid in breast cancer cell lines in vitro. Br J Anaesth 109:200–207PubMedCrossRef
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Lokuta AJ, Komai H, McDowell TS et al (2002) Functional properties of ryanodine receptors from rat dorsal root ganglia. FEBS Lett 511:90–96PubMedCrossRef Lokuta AJ, Komai H, McDowell TS et al (2002) Functional properties of ryanodine receptors from rat dorsal root ganglia. FEBS Lett 511:90–96PubMedCrossRef
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Lucchinetti E, Awad AE, Rahman M et al (2012) Antiproliferative effects of local anesthetics on mesenchymal stem cells: potential implications for tumor spreading and wound healing. Anesthesiology 116:841–856PubMedCrossRef Lucchinetti E, Awad AE, Rahman M et al (2012) Antiproliferative effects of local anesthetics on mesenchymal stem cells: potential implications for tumor spreading and wound healing. Anesthesiology 116:841–856PubMedCrossRef
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Mathew JP, Mackensen GB, Phillips-Bute B et al (2009) Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study of neuroprotection with lidocaine in cardiac surgery. Stroke 40:880–887PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Mathew JP, Mackensen GB, Phillips-Bute B et al (2009) Randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled study of neuroprotection with lidocaine in cardiac surgery. Stroke 40:880–887PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
55.
Zurück zum Zitat McCarthy GC, Megalla SA, Habib AS (2010) Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Drugs 70:1149–1163PubMedCrossRef McCarthy GC, Megalla SA, Habib AS (2010) Impact of intravenous lidocaine infusion on postoperative analgesia and recovery from surgery: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Drugs 70:1149–1163PubMedCrossRef
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Mellin-Olsen J, Staender S, Whitaker DK et al (2010) The Helsinki declaration on patient safety in anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 27:592–597PubMedCrossRef Mellin-Olsen J, Staender S, Whitaker DK et al (2010) The Helsinki declaration on patient safety in anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 27:592–597PubMedCrossRef
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell SJ, Merry AF, Frampton C et al (2009) Cerebral protection by lidocaine during cardiac operations: a follow-up study. Ann Thorac Surg 87:820–825PubMedCrossRef Mitchell SJ, Merry AF, Frampton C et al (2009) Cerebral protection by lidocaine during cardiac operations: a follow-up study. Ann Thorac Surg 87:820–825PubMedCrossRef
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Mulroy MF (2002) Systemic toxicity and cardiotoxicity from local anesthetics: incidence and preventive measures. Reg Anesth Pain Med 27:556–561PubMed Mulroy MF (2002) Systemic toxicity and cardiotoxicity from local anesthetics: incidence and preventive measures. Reg Anesth Pain Med 27:556–561PubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Myles PS, Peyton P, Silbert B et al (2011) Perioperative epidural analgesia for major abdominal surgery for cancer and recurrence-free survival: randomised trial. BMJ 342:d1491PubMedCrossRef Myles PS, Peyton P, Silbert B et al (2011) Perioperative epidural analgesia for major abdominal surgery for cancer and recurrence-free survival: randomised trial. BMJ 342:d1491PubMedCrossRef
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Nau C, Seaver M, Wang SY et al (2000) Block of human heart hH1 sodium channels by amitriptyline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 292:1015–1023PubMed Nau C, Seaver M, Wang SY et al (2000) Block of human heart hH1 sodium channels by amitriptyline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 292:1015–1023PubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Nau C, Wang GK (2004) Interactions of local anesthetics with voltage-gated Na+ channels. J Membr Biol 201:1–8PubMedCrossRef Nau C, Wang GK (2004) Interactions of local anesthetics with voltage-gated Na+ channels. J Membr Biol 201:1–8PubMedCrossRef
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Neal JM, Brull R, Chan VW et al (2010) The ASRA evidence-based medicine assessment of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and pain medicine: executive summary. Reg Anesth Pain Med 35:S1–S9PubMedCrossRef Neal JM, Brull R, Chan VW et al (2010) The ASRA evidence-based medicine assessment of ultrasound-guided regional anesthesia and pain medicine: executive summary. Reg Anesth Pain Med 35:S1–S9PubMedCrossRef
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Nouette-Gaulain K, Capdevila X, Rossignol R (2012) Local anesthetic ‚in-situ‘ toxicity during peripheral nerve blocks: update on mechanisms and prevention. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 25:589–595PubMedCrossRef Nouette-Gaulain K, Capdevila X, Rossignol R (2012) Local anesthetic ‚in-situ‘ toxicity during peripheral nerve blocks: update on mechanisms and prevention. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 25:589–595PubMedCrossRef
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Noyes FR, Fleckenstein CM, Barber-Westin SD (2012) The development of postoperative knee chondrolysis after intra-articular pain pump infusion of an anesthetic medication: a series of twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:1448–1457PubMedCrossRef Noyes FR, Fleckenstein CM, Barber-Westin SD (2012) The development of postoperative knee chondrolysis after intra-articular pain pump infusion of an anesthetic medication: a series of twenty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:1448–1457PubMedCrossRef
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Orebaugh SL, Williams BA, Vallejo M et al (2009) Adverse outcomes associated with stimulator-based peripheral nerve blocks with versus without ultrasound visualization. Reg Anesth Pain Med 34:251–255PubMedCrossRef Orebaugh SL, Williams BA, Vallejo M et al (2009) Adverse outcomes associated with stimulator-based peripheral nerve blocks with versus without ultrasound visualization. Reg Anesth Pain Med 34:251–255PubMedCrossRef
66.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Reilly AO, Eberhardt E, Weidner C et al (2012) Bisphenol A binds to the local anesthetic receptor site to block the human cardiac sodium channel. PLoS ONE 7(7):e41667CrossRef O’Reilly AO, Eberhardt E, Weidner C et al (2012) Bisphenol A binds to the local anesthetic receptor site to block the human cardiac sodium channel. PLoS ONE 7(7):e41667CrossRef
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Ott K (2010) Lipid emulsion therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. (LipidRescue). Anaesthesist 59:575–583PubMedCrossRef Ott K (2010) Lipid emulsion therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. (LipidRescue). Anaesthesist 59:575–583PubMedCrossRef
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Ozturk E, Yilmazlar A, Berhuni S et al (2010) The effectiveness of local anesthetics in preventing postoperative adhesions in rat models. Tech Coloproctol 14:337–340PubMedCrossRef Ozturk E, Yilmazlar A, Berhuni S et al (2010) The effectiveness of local anesthetics in preventing postoperative adhesions in rat models. Tech Coloproctol 14:337–340PubMedCrossRef
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Pecher S, Bottiger BW, Graf B et al (2004) „Alternative“ effects of local anesthetic agents. Anaesthesist 53:316–325PubMedCrossRef Pecher S, Bottiger BW, Graf B et al (2004) „Alternative“ effects of local anesthetic agents. Anaesthesist 53:316–325PubMedCrossRef
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Perez-Castro R, Patel S, Garavito-Aguilar ZV et al (2009) Cytotoxicity of local anesthetics in human neuronal cells. Anesth Analg 108:997–1007PubMedCrossRef Perez-Castro R, Patel S, Garavito-Aguilar ZV et al (2009) Cytotoxicity of local anesthetics in human neuronal cells. Anesth Analg 108:997–1007PubMedCrossRef
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Pollock JE (2003) Neurotoxicity of intrathecal local anaesthetics and transient neurological symptoms. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 17:471–484PubMedCrossRef Pollock JE (2003) Neurotoxicity of intrathecal local anaesthetics and transient neurological symptoms. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol 17:471–484PubMedCrossRef
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Popp SS, Lei B, Kelemen E et al (2011) Intravenous antiarrhythmic doses of lidocaine increase the survival rate of CA1 neurons and improve cognitive outcome after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 192:537–549PubMedCrossRef Popp SS, Lei B, Kelemen E et al (2011) Intravenous antiarrhythmic doses of lidocaine increase the survival rate of CA1 neurons and improve cognitive outcome after transient global cerebral ischemia in rats. Neuroscience 192:537–549PubMedCrossRef
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Rodrigues AG, Araujo R, Pina-Vaz C (2006) Interaction of local anaesthetics with other antifungal agents against pathogenic Aspergillus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 27:339–343PubMedCrossRef Rodrigues AG, Araujo R, Pina-Vaz C (2006) Interaction of local anaesthetics with other antifungal agents against pathogenic Aspergillus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 27:339–343PubMedCrossRef
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Rogawski MA, Loscher W (2004) The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of nonepileptic conditions. Nat Med 10:685–692PubMedCrossRef Rogawski MA, Loscher W (2004) The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs for the treatment of nonepileptic conditions. Nat Med 10:685–692PubMedCrossRef
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Ruetsch YA, Boni T, Borgeat A (2001) From cocaine to ropivacaine: the history of local anesthetic drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 1:175–182PubMedCrossRef Ruetsch YA, Boni T, Borgeat A (2001) From cocaine to ropivacaine: the history of local anesthetic drugs. Curr Top Med Chem 1:175–182PubMedCrossRef
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Rush AM, Cummins TR, Waxman SG (2007) Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Physiol 579:1–14PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Rush AM, Cummins TR, Waxman SG (2007) Multiple sodium channels and their roles in electrogenesis within dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Physiol 579:1–14PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Sakaguchi M, Kuroda Y, Hirose M (2006) The antiproliferative effect of lidocaine on human tongue cancer cells with inhibition of the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor. Anesth Analg 102:1103–1107PubMedCrossRef Sakaguchi M, Kuroda Y, Hirose M (2006) The antiproliferative effect of lidocaine on human tongue cancer cells with inhibition of the activity of epidermal growth factor receptor. Anesth Analg 102:1103–1107PubMedCrossRef
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Scheffel PT, Clinton J, Lynch JR et al (2010) Glenohumeral chondrolysis: a systematic review of 100 cases from the English language literature. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19:944–949PubMedCrossRef Scheffel PT, Clinton J, Lynch JR et al (2010) Glenohumeral chondrolysis: a systematic review of 100 cases from the English language literature. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 19:944–949PubMedCrossRef
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmalhofer WA, Calhoun J, Burrows R et al (2008) ProTx-II, a selective inhibitor of NaV1.7 sodium channels, blocks action potential propagation in nociceptors. Mol Pharmacol 74:1476–1484PubMedCrossRef Schmalhofer WA, Calhoun J, Burrows R et al (2008) ProTx-II, a selective inhibitor of NaV1.7 sodium channels, blocks action potential propagation in nociceptors. Mol Pharmacol 74:1476–1484PubMedCrossRef
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Sessler DI, Ben-Eliyahu S, Mascha EJ et al (2008) Can regional analgesia reduce the risk of recurrence after breast cancer? Methodology of a multicenter randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials 29:517–526PubMedCrossRef Sessler DI, Ben-Eliyahu S, Mascha EJ et al (2008) Can regional analgesia reduce the risk of recurrence after breast cancer? Methodology of a multicenter randomized trial. Contemp Clin Trials 29:517–526PubMedCrossRef
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Siebrands CC, Schmitt N, Friederich P (2005) Local anesthetic interaction with human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channels: role of aromatic amino acids Y652 and F656. Anesthesiology 103:102–112PubMedCrossRef Siebrands CC, Schmitt N, Friederich P (2005) Local anesthetic interaction with human ether-a-go-go-related gene (HERG) channels: role of aromatic amino acids Y652 and F656. Anesthesiology 103:102–112PubMedCrossRef
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Sites BD, Taenzer AH, Herrick MD et al (2012) Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity and postoperative neurologic symptoms associated with 12,668 ultrasound-guided nerve blocks: an analysis from a prospective clinical registry. Reg Anesth Pain Med 37:478–482PubMedCrossRef Sites BD, Taenzer AH, Herrick MD et al (2012) Incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity and postoperative neurologic symptoms associated with 12,668 ultrasound-guided nerve blocks: an analysis from a prospective clinical registry. Reg Anesth Pain Med 37:478–482PubMedCrossRef
83.
Zurück zum Zitat Sztark F, Malgat M, Dabadie P et al (1998) Comparison of the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on heart cell mitochondrial bioenergetics. Anesthesiology 88:1340–1349PubMedCrossRef Sztark F, Malgat M, Dabadie P et al (1998) Comparison of the effects of bupivacaine and ropivacaine on heart cell mitochondrial bioenergetics. Anesthesiology 88:1340–1349PubMedCrossRef
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Sztark F, Tueux O, Erny P et al (1994) Effects of bupivacaine on cellular oxygen consumption and adenine nucleotide metabolism. Anesth Analg 78:335–339PubMedCrossRef Sztark F, Tueux O, Erny P et al (1994) Effects of bupivacaine on cellular oxygen consumption and adenine nucleotide metabolism. Anesth Analg 78:335–339PubMedCrossRef
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Tanaka K, Yamasaki M (1966) Blocking of cortical inhibitory synapses by intravenous lidocaine. Nature 209:207–208PubMedCrossRef Tanaka K, Yamasaki M (1966) Blocking of cortical inhibitory synapses by intravenous lidocaine. Nature 209:207–208PubMedCrossRef
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Tsui BC, Rashiq S, Schopflocher D et al (2010) Epidural anesthesia and cancer recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy. Can J Anaesth 57:107–112PubMedCrossRef Tsui BC, Rashiq S, Schopflocher D et al (2010) Epidural anesthesia and cancer recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy. Can J Anaesth 57:107–112PubMedCrossRef
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Wagman IH, De Jong RH, Prince DA (1967) Effects of lidocaine on the central nervous system. Anesthesiology 28:155–172PubMedCrossRef Wagman IH, De Jong RH, Prince DA (1967) Effects of lidocaine on the central nervous system. Anesthesiology 28:155–172PubMedCrossRef
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Warnick JE, Kee RD, Yim GK (1971) The effects of lidocaine on inhibition in the cerebral cortex. Anesthesiology 34:327–332PubMedCrossRef Warnick JE, Kee RD, Yim GK (1971) The effects of lidocaine on inhibition in the cerebral cortex. Anesthesiology 34:327–332PubMedCrossRef
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Wells A, Osborne JP (2012) Impact of acetaldehyde- and pyruvic acid-bound sulphur dioxide on wine lactic acid bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 54:187–194PubMedCrossRef Wells A, Osborne JP (2012) Impact of acetaldehyde- and pyruvic acid-bound sulphur dioxide on wine lactic acid bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 54:187–194PubMedCrossRef
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Werdehausen R, Braun S, Fazeli S et al (2012) Lipophilicity but not stereospecificity is a major determinant of local anaesthetic-induced cytotoxicity in human T-lymphoma cells. Eur J Anaesthesiol 29:35–41PubMedCrossRef Werdehausen R, Braun S, Fazeli S et al (2012) Lipophilicity but not stereospecificity is a major determinant of local anaesthetic-induced cytotoxicity in human T-lymphoma cells. Eur J Anaesthesiol 29:35–41PubMedCrossRef
91.
Zurück zum Zitat Werdehausen R, Fazeli S, Braun S et al (2009) Apoptosis induction by different local anaesthetics in a neuroblastoma cell line. Br J Anaesth 103:711–718PubMedCrossRef Werdehausen R, Fazeli S, Braun S et al (2009) Apoptosis induction by different local anaesthetics in a neuroblastoma cell line. Br J Anaesth 103:711–718PubMedCrossRef
92.
Zurück zum Zitat Wolfe JW, Butterworth JF (2011) Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 24:561–566PubMedCrossRef Wolfe JW, Butterworth JF (2011) Local anesthetic systemic toxicity: update on mechanisms and treatment. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 24:561–566PubMedCrossRef
93.
Zurück zum Zitat Wuethrich PY, Hsu Schmitz SF, Kessler TM et al (2010) Potential influence of the anesthetic technique used during open radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer-related outcome: a retrospective study. Anesthesiology 113:570–576PubMed Wuethrich PY, Hsu Schmitz SF, Kessler TM et al (2010) Potential influence of the anesthetic technique used during open radical prostatectomy on prostate cancer-related outcome: a retrospective study. Anesthesiology 113:570–576PubMed
94.
95.
Zurück zum Zitat Zink W, Graf BM (2008) The toxicity of local anesthetics: the place of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 21:645–650PubMedCrossRef Zink W, Graf BM (2008) The toxicity of local anesthetics: the place of ropivacaine and levobupivacaine. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 21:645–650PubMedCrossRef
96.
Zurück zum Zitat Zink W, Graf BM (2003) Toxicology of local anesthetics. Clinical, therapeutic and pathological mechanisms. Anaesthesist 52:1102–1123PubMedCrossRef Zink W, Graf BM (2003) Toxicology of local anesthetics. Clinical, therapeutic and pathological mechanisms. Anaesthesist 52:1102–1123PubMedCrossRef
97.
Zurück zum Zitat Zink W, Sinner B, Zausig Y et al (2007) Myotoxicity of local anaesthetics: experimental myth or clinical truth? Anaesthesist 56:118–127PubMedCrossRef Zink W, Sinner B, Zausig Y et al (2007) Myotoxicity of local anaesthetics: experimental myth or clinical truth? Anaesthesist 56:118–127PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Update zu Pharmakologie und Wirkung von Lokalanästhetika
verfasst von
J. Ahrens
Prof. Dr. A. Leffler
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 5/2014
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-014-2302-2

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2014

Der Anaesthesist 5/2014 Zur Ausgabe

Einführung zum Thema

Lokalanästhetika

Allgemeinanästhesie

Vorwärmung

Aquatherapie bei Fibromyalgie wirksamer als Trockenübungen

03.05.2024 Fibromyalgiesyndrom Nachrichten

Bewegungs-, Dehnungs- und Entspannungsübungen im Wasser lindern die Beschwerden von Patientinnen mit Fibromyalgie besser als das Üben auf trockenem Land. Das geht aus einer spanisch-brasilianischen Vergleichsstudie hervor.

Endlich: Zi zeigt, mit welchen PVS Praxen zufrieden sind

IT für Ärzte Nachrichten

Darauf haben viele Praxen gewartet: Das Zi hat eine Liste von Praxisverwaltungssystemen veröffentlicht, die von Nutzern positiv bewertet werden. Eine gute Grundlage für wechselwillige Ärzte und Psychotherapeuten.

Beutel versus Maschine: Beste Beatmungstechnik bei Herzstillstand gesucht

02.05.2024 Kardiopulmonale Reanimation Nachrichten

Stehen die Chancen auf eine Rückkehr der Spontanzirkulation nach Herz-Kreislauf-Stillstand bei manueller oder maschineller Beatmung besser? Und unterscheidet sich das neurologische Outcome nach der Reanimation? Das belgische Herzstillstand-Register liefert die Daten für einen direkten Vergleich zwischen Beutel und Beatmungsgerät.

Tipps für den Umgang mit Behandlungsfehlern

01.05.2024 DGIM 2024 Kongressbericht

Es ist nur eine Frage der Zeit, bis es zu einem Zwischenfall kommt und ein Behandlungsfehler passiert. Doch wenn Ärztinnen und Ärzte gut vorbereitet sind, schaffen es alle Beteiligten den Umständen entsprechend gut durch diese Krise. 

Update AINS

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.