Introduction
Materials and methods
Design
Total group (n = 350) | Girls (n = 185) | Boys (n = 165) | |
---|---|---|---|
Calendar age in years (mean ± SD (range)) | 12.3 ± 3.6 (4.4–18.9) | 12.6 ± 3.7 (5.2–18.9) | 11.9 ± 3.4 (4.4–18.3) |
Skeletal age in years (mean ± SD (range)) | 12.0 ± 3.7 (4.6–19.0) | 12.5 ± 3.7 (5.0–18.0) | 11.5 ± 3.7 (4.6–19.0) |
Tanner stage (n (%))a | |||
1 | 117 (33%) | 59 (32%) | 58 (35%) |
2 | 50 (14%) | 20 (11%) | 30 (18%) |
3 | 35 (10%) | 13 (7%) | 22 (13%) |
4 | 85 (24%) | 49 (27%) | 36 (22%) |
5 | 63 (18%) | 44 (24%) | 19 (12%) |
Hand dominance (n (%)) | |||
Right | 319 (91%) | 171 (92%) | 148 (90%) |
Left | 30 (9%) | 13 (7%) | 17 (10%) |
Both | 1 (0.3%) | 1 (0.5%) | 0 |
Ulnar variance measurement
Inter/intrarater agreement and intermethod consistency
Reference data
Statistical analysis
Results
Perpendicular method | Hafner PRPR | Hafner DIDI | Intermethod ICCc (rater 1) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skel. age (years) | No. of cases | Mean ± SD (mm) | Inter rater ICCa | No. of cases | Mean ± SD (mm) | Inter-rater ICCa | Mean ± SD (mm) | Inter-rater ICCa | Perpendicular vs. PRPR | Perpendicular vs. DIDI |
5 | 1 | NA | NA | 6 | − 1.0 ± 1.1 | NA | − 2.2 ± 1.4 | NA | NA | NA |
6 | 6 | − 1.4 ± 0.8 | NA | 26 | − 0.5 ± 1.4 | 0.91 | − 1.5 ± 1.3 | 0.99 | NA | NA |
7 | 13 | − 1.9 ± 0.7 | NA | 23 | − 1.0 ± 0.9 | 0.65 | − 1.8 ± 1.1 | 0.98 | NA | NA |
8 | 20 | − 1.7 ± 1.0 | 0.94 | 22 | − 1.6 ± 1.5 | 0.89 | − 2.2 ± 1.3 | 0.93 | 0.57 | 0.73 |
9 | 21 | − 1.1 ± 0.9 | 0.92 | 22 | − 1.0 ± 1.3 | 0.73 | − 1.8 ± 1.5 | 0.93 | 0.69 | 0.64 |
10 | 24 | − 1.4 ± 1.2 | 0.99 | 24 | − 1.6 ± 2.1 | 0.99 | − 2.2 ± 2.3 | 0.99 | 0.64 | 0.62 |
11 | 23 | − 1.1 ± 1.1 | 0.95 | 23 | − 1.0 ± 1.9 | 0.93 | − 2.0 ± 1.6 | 0.80 | 0.76 | 0.66 |
12 | 29 | − 0.9 ± 1.1 | 0.86 | 28 | − 0.8 ± 2.1 | 0.87 | − 1.7 ± 1.9 | 0.95 | 0.50 | 0.57 |
13 | 35 | − 1.5 ± 1.3 | 0.88 | 34 | − 1.6 ± 1.9 | 0.86 | − 2.5 ± 2.0 | 0.86 | 0.69 | 0.56 |
14 | 30 | − 1.5 ± 1.6 | 0.93 | 25 | − 1.4 ± 2.5 | 0.91 | − 2.2 ± 2.1 | 0.89 | 0.52 | 0.64 |
15 | 28 | − 1.7 ± 1.2 | NA | 18 | − 2.0 ± 1.5 | 0.44 | − 2.9 ± 1.3 | 0.85 | − 0.12 | − 0.12 |
16 | 35 | − 1.3 ± 1.8 | NA | 17 | − 1.3 ± 2.7 | 0.96 | − 2.5 ± 2.7 | 0.97 | 0.79 | 0.82 |
17 | 25 | − 1.5 ± 1.1 | NA | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
18 | 21 | − 1.6 ± 1.7 | NA | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
19 | 1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Skel. age (years) | Perpendicular method (mm) Mean ± SD (n) | PRPR (mm) Mean ± SD (n) | DIDI (mm) Mean ± SD (n) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | |
5 | NA | NA | NA | −1.0 ± 1.5 (4) | NA | − 2.0 ± 1.8 (4) |
6 | − 1.6 ± 1.2 (3) | − 1.3 ± 0.48 (3) | − 1.2 ± 1.3 (7) | − 0.2 ± 1.4 (19) | − 2.1 ± 1.4 (7) | − 1.2 ± 1.3 (19) |
7 | − 1.9 ± 0.7 (10) | − 1.8 ± 0.5 (3) | − 1.0 ± 0.9 (12) | − 0.9 ± 0.9 (11) | − 1.7 ± 1.0 (12) | − 1.9 ± 1.2 (11) |
8 | − 1.7 ± 1.1 (13) | − 1.7 ± 0.9 (7) | − 1.6 ± 1.6 (13) | − 1.4 ± 1.5 (9) | − 2.3 ± 1.3 (13) | − 2.1 ± 1.3 (9) |
9 | − 0.9 ± 0.8 (14) | − 1.5 ± 1.1 (7) | − 0.9 ± 1.5 (14) | − 1.1 ± 1.2 (8) | − 1.9 ± 1.5 (14) | − 1.8 ± 1.5 (8) |
10 | − 1.5 ± 1.4 (14) | − 1.1 ± 0.7 (10) | − 2.0 ± 2.5 (14) | − 1.0 ± 1.5 (10) | − 2.7 ± 2.5 (14) | − 1.6 ± 1.8 (10) |
11 | − 1.0 ± 1.2 (12) | − 1.2 ± 1.4 (11) | − 0.4 ± 2.1 (12) | − 1.7 ± 1.4 (11) | − 1.9 ± 1.4 (12) | − 2.2 ± 1.8 (11) |
12 | − 0.8 ± 1.4 (13) | − 1.0 ± 0.8 (16) | − 0.5 ± 2.4 (13) | − 1.1 ± 1.8 (16) | − 1.0 ± 2.0 (13) | − 2.2 ± 1.6 (16) |
13 | − 1.6 ± 1.5 (14) | − 1.4 ± 1.2 (21) | − 1.5 ± 2.0 (14) | − 1.6 ± 1.8 (21) | − 2.3 ± 2.3 (14) | − 2.5 ± 1.7 (21) |
14 | − 1.8 ± 1.7 (13) | − 1.3 ± 1.6 (17) | − 1.5 ± 2.5 (13) | − 1.7 ± 2.3 (17) | − 2.2 ± 2.6 (13) | − 2.7 ± 1.8 (17) |
15 | − 1.3 ± 1.6 (12) | − 2.1 ± 0.7 (16) | − 0.7 ± 2.9 (12) | − 2.4 ± 1.1 (15) | − 2.2 ± 2.9 (12) | − 3.1 ± 1.4 (15) |
16 | − 1.0 ± 1.8 (25) | − 2.1 ± 1.51 (10) | − 0.2 ± 2.6 (21) | − 2.6 ± 1.8 (10) | − 1.2 ± 2.7 (21) | − 3.4 ± 1.9 (10) |
17 | − 1.4 ± 1.2 (21) | − 1.9 ± 1.0 (4) | − 0.7 ± 1.6 (19) | − 2.1 ± 1.3 (4) | − 1.1 ± 1.7 (19) | − 2.8 ± 1.4 (4) |
18 | − 1.2 ± 1.2 (13) | − 2.2 ± 2.3 (8) | − 1.0 ± 1.7 (4) | − 1.4 ± 1.1 (5) | − 1.6 ± 1.9 (4) | − 1.5 ± 1.6 (5) |
19 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |