AST participated in acquisition of data, data analysis, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. SPR participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. BS participated in study design, interpretation of data and critical revision of the manuscript. SB participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. LZ participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. LB participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. CC participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. MGO participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. GL participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. CS participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. FGE participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. CA participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. ASD participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. PZ participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. LA participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. SJ participated in acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. DGT participated in statistical analysis, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. GM participated in statistical analysis, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. JFT participated in study design and coordination, statistical analysis, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. MD conceived the study, participated in study design and coordination, acquisition of data, interpretation of data, drafting of the manuscript and critical revision of the manuscript. MD had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. MD affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as registered have been explained. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Members of the OUTCOMEREA study group
Scientific Committee: Jean-François Timsit (Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; UMR 1137 Inserm–Paris Diderot university IAME, F75018, Paris); Elie Azoulay (Medical ICU, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France); Maïté Garrouste-Orgeas (ICU, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France); Jean-Ralph Zahar (Infection Control Unit, Angers Hospital, Angers, France); Christophe Adrie (ICU, Delafontaine Hospital, Saint Denis, and Physiology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France); Michael Darmon (Medical ICU, Saint Etienne University Hospital, St Etienne, France); and Christophe Clec’h (ICU, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, and UMR 1137 Inserm–Paris Diderot university IAME, F75018, Paris, France). Biostatistical and information system expertise: Jean-Francois Timsit (Medical and Infectious Diseases ICU, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France; UMR 1137 Inserm–Paris Diderot university IAME, F75018, Paris); Corinne Alberti (Medical Computer Sciences and Biostatistics Department, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France); Adrien Français (Integrated Research Center U823, Grenoble, France); Aurélien Vesin (OUTCOMEREA organization and Integrated Research Center U823, Grenoble, France); Stephane Ruckly (OUTCOMEREA organization and Inserm UMR 1137 IAME, F75018, Paris); Sébastien Bailly (Grenoble university hospital Inserm UMR 1137 IAME, F75018, Paris) and Christophe Clec’h (ICU, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, and Inserm UMR 1137 IAME, F75018, Paris, France); Frederik Lecorre (Supelec, France); Didier Nakache (Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France); and Aurélien Vannieuwenhuyze (Tourcoing, France). Investigators of the OUTCOMEREA database: Christophe Adrie (ICU, Delafontaine Hospital, Saint Denis, and Physiology, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France); Bernard Allaouchiche (ICU, Pierre benite Hospital, Lyon, France); Laurent Argaud (Medical ICU, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France); Claire Ara-Somohano (Medical ICU, University Hospital, Grenoble, France); Elie Azoulay (Medical ICU, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France); Francois Barbier (medical-surgical ICU, Orleans, France), Jean-Pierre Bedos (ICU, Versailles Hospital, Versailles, France); Julien Bohé (ICU, Hôpital Pierre Benite, Lyon France), Lila Bouadma (ICU, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France); Christine Cheval (ICU, Hyeres Hospital, Hyeres, France); Christophe Clec’h (ICU, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France); Michael Darmon (ICU, Saint Etienne Hospital, Saint Etienne, France); Anne-Sylvie Dumenil (Antoine Béclère Hospital, Clamart, France); Claire Dupuis (Bichat hospital and UMR 1137 Inserm–Paris Diderot university IAME, F75018, Paris, France), Marc Gainier hôpital la Timone, Marseille, France), Akim Haouache (Surgical ICU, H Mondor Hospital, Creteil, France); Samir Jamali (ICU, Dourdan, Dourdan Hospital, Dourdan, France); Hatem Khallel (ICU, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, France); Alexandre Lautrette (ICU, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France); Guillaume Marcotte (Surgical ICU, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France); Eric Le Miere (ICU, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France); Maxime Lugosi (Medical ICU, University Hospital Grenoble, Grenoble, France); Bruno Mourvillier (ICU, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France); Benoît Misset (ICU, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France); Delphine Moreau (ICU, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France); Bruno Mourvillier (ICU, Bichat Hospital, Paris, France); Laurent Papazian (Hopital Nord, Marseille, France), Benjamin Planquette (pulmonology ICU, George Pompidou Hospital, Versailles, France); Bertrand Souweine (ICU, G Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France); Carole Schwebel (ICU, A Michallon Hospital, Grenoble, France); Gilles Troché (ICU, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Clamart, France); Marie Thuong (ICU, Delafontaine Hospital, Saint Denis, France); Guillaume Thierry (ICU, Saint Louis Hospital, Paris, France); Dany Toledano (ICU, Gonesse Hospital, Gonesse, France); and Eric Vantalon (SICU, Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France). Study monitors: Julien Fournier, Caroline Tournegros, Stéphanie Bagur, Mireille Adda, Vanessa Vindrieux, Loic Ferrand, Nadira Kaddour, Boris Berthe, Samir Bekkhouche, Kaouttar Mellouk, Sylvie Conrozier, Igor Theodose, Veronique Deiler, and Sophie Letrou.