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Erschienen in: Der Anaesthesist 7/2016

01.07.2016 | Schock | CME

Anästhesiologisches Vorgehen bei Patienten mit spinalem Querschnitt

verfasst von: Dr. A. Rand, R. J. Litz, P. Zahn

Erschienen in: Die Anaesthesiologie | Ausgabe 7/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Querschnittsyndrome sind schwerwiegende Erkrankungen, die abhängig von Ort und Ausmaß der Schädigung verschiedene, teils lebensbedrohliche Risiken und Komplikationsmöglichkeiten bergen. Weltweit stellen Verkehrsunfälle, Stürze und Freizeitunfälle die 3 häufigsten Ursache für die traumatische Rückenmarkschädigung („traumatic spinal cord injury“, TSCI) dar. Bei den nichttraumatischen Rückenmarkschädigungen („non-traumatic spinal cord injury“, NTSCI) stehen Autoimmunerkrankungen, Tumoren und Fehlbildungen im Vordergrund. Mit fortschreitender Chronifizierung der Erkrankung unterliegen nicht nur das Atmungs- und das Herz-Kreislauf-System, sondern auch endokrine Regelkreise, anatomische Strukturen sowie verschiedene andere Organsysteme der Betroffenen tiefgreifenden Veränderungen. Diese müssen in ihrer Pathophysiologie im perioperativen Management dieser Patienten berücksichtigt werden. Die autonome Dysreflexie (AD) ist die schwerste Komplikation. Sie tritt bei Patienten mit chronischer Rückenmarkschädigung oberhalb von Th6 auf, entsteht aus überschießender Aktivierung sympathischer Reflexbögen und kann tödlich enden. Dieser Beitrag vermittelt dem Anästhesisten Kenntnisse, wie die Entstehung einer AD verhindert werden kann, und was außerdem im perioperativen und intensivmedizinischen Management von Patienten mit Querschnittsyndromen („spinal cord injury“, SCI) zu beachten ist.
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Metadaten
Titel
Anästhesiologisches Vorgehen bei Patienten mit spinalem Querschnitt
verfasst von
Dr. A. Rand
R. J. Litz
P. Zahn
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Anaesthesiologie / Ausgabe 7/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-6858
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-6866
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-016-0193-0

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