Introduction
Aim of study
Patients and setting
Methods
Statistical methods
Results
Age and Gender | 1992–1995 Total = 463 n (%) | Mean (SD) | 2009–2012 Total = 535 n (%) | Mean (SD) | Univariate analysis P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gender | < 0.0001 | ||||
Male | 449 (97.0) | 466 (87.1) | |||
Female | 14 (3.0) | 69 (12.9) | |||
Age | 26.2 (10.8) | 27.2 (13.9) | 0.22 | ||
< 16 years | 52 (11.2) | 92 (17.2) | 0.007 | ||
16–49 | 387 (83.6) | 388 (72.5) | < 0.0001 | ||
> 49 | 24 (5.2) | 55 (10.3) | 0.003 |
Mechanism | 1992–1995 Total = 463 n (% of total) | 2009–2012 Total = 535 n (% of total) | Univariate analysis P value |
---|---|---|---|
Anti-personnel mine | 94 (20.3) | 20 (3.7) | < 0.0001 |
Bomb, shell, fragment | 90 (19.4) | 206 (38.5) | < 0.0001 |
Gunshot | 273 (59.0) | 306 (57.2) | 0.57 |
Other | 6 (1.3) | 3 (0.6) | 0.22 |
Injury pattern | 1992–1995 Total = 463 n (% of total) | 2009–2012 Total = 535 n (% of total) | Univariate analysis P value |
---|---|---|---|
Type of injury | |||
Simple wounda ± fracture | 188 (40.6) | 267 (49.9) | 0.003 |
Medium woundb + com. fractured | 151 (32.6) | 168 (31.4) | 0.68 |
Large woundc - fracture | 15 (3.2) | 16 (3.0) | 0.82 |
Large woundc + com. fractured | 84 (18.2) | 36 (6.7) | < 0.0001 |
Any fracture + vascular injury | 15 (3.2) | 37 (6.9) | 0.009 |
Vascular injury - fracture | 10 (2.2) | 11 (2.1) | 0.91 |
Tissue damage | |||
Small | 144 (31.1) | 225 (42.0) | 0.0004 |
Medium | 210 (45.4) | 238 (44.5) | 0.78 |
Extensive | 109 (23.5) | 72 (13.5) | < 0.0001 |
Location of injury | |||
Upper limb | 97 (20.9) | 132 (24.7) | 0.16 |
Lower limb | 298 (64.4) | 331 (61.9) | 0.42 |
Upper and lower limbs | 68 (14.7) | 72 (13.4) | 0.58 |
Second wound | 0.08 | ||
No | 359 (77.5) | 439 (82.1) | |
Yes | 104 (22.5) | 96 (17.9) |
Time period | Univariate analysis Total = 998 | Logistic regression analysis Total = 998 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All confoundersa | Final model | ||||||
1992–1995 Total = 463 n (%) | 2009–2012 Total = 535 n (%) | P value | 1 = 1992–1995 Odds ratio (95% CI) for 2009–2012 | P value | 1 = 1992–1995 Odds ratio (95% CI) for 2009–2012 | P value | |
In-hospital amputation | 0.20 | ||||||
No | 417 (90.1) | 494 (92.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 46 (9.9) | 41 (7.7) | 1.20 (0.69–2.09) | 0.51 | 1.12 (0.66–1.91) | 0.67 | |
External fixation | 0.008 | ||||||
No | 422 (91.1) | 510 (95.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 41 (8.9) | 25 (4.7) | 0.63 (0.36–1.08) | 0.09 | 0.56 (0.33–0.96) | 0.04 | |
Split skin graft | < 0.0001 | ||||||
No | 330 (71.3) | 478 (89.3) | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 133 (28.7) | 57 (10.7) | 0.31 (0.21–0.46) | < 0.0001 | 0.31 (0.21–0.45) | < 0.0001 | |
Debridement/change of dressing | 0.02 | ||||||
0–2 | 310 (67.0) | 393 (73.5) | 1 | 1 | |||
≥ 3 | 153 (33.0) | 142 (26.5) | 0.89 (0.65–1.22) | 0.48 | 0.89 (0.66–1.20) | 0.46 | |
Blood transfusion | < 0.0001 | ||||||
No | 371 (80.1) | 485 (90.7) | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 92 (19.9) | 50 (9.3) | 0.41 (0.27–0.64) | < 0.0001 | 0.43 (0.28–0.66) | 0.0001 | |
Length of hospital stay | 0.007 | ||||||
< 21 days | 228 (49.2) | 309 (57.8) | 1 | 1 | |||
≥ 21 days | 235 (50.8) | 226 (42.2) | 0.82 (0.62–1.10) | 0.18 | 0.87 (0.66–1.14) | 0.31 | |
In-hospital mortality | 0.18 | ||||||
No | 458 (98.9) | 533 (99.6) | 1 | 1 | |||
Yes | 5 (1.1) | 2 (0.4) | 0.47 (0.07–2.96) | 0.42 | 0.32 (0.06–1.67) | 0.18 |