Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Cognitive Therapy and Research 5/2010

01.10.2010 | Original Article

Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Analogue Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation

verfasst von: Melissa Soenke, Kathryn S. Hahn, Matthew T. Tull, Kim L. Gratz

Erschienen in: Cognitive Therapy and Research | Ausgabe 5/2010

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Despite emerging evidence for the central role of emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), little is known about the factors that may increase the risk for this dysregulation. One factor that may be worth investigating is childhood abuse, previously found to be associated with both emotion dysregulation and GAD. To begin to explore the interrelationships among these phenomena, the present study examined the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between various forms of childhood abuse (i.e., physical, sexual, and emotional abuse) and analogue GAD status in a sample of 396 undergraduates. Findings provided evidence for the mediating role of emotion dysregulation in the relationship between emotional abuse in particular and analogue GAD.
Fußnoten
1
The mean values for childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse severity on the CTQ were relatively low, as might be expected within a nonclinical sample (Bernstein and Fink 1998). Nonetheless, 8% of the participants reported a history of moderate-severe childhood physical abuse, 7% reported a history of moderate-severe childhood sexual abuse, and 12% reported a history of moderate-severe childhood emotional abuse. Analyses utilized the dimensional childhood abuse scores given well-documented limitations associated with the dichotomization of continuous measures (e.g., loss of power, loss of information about individual differences, etc.; MacCallum et al. 2002). However, it is important to note that results did not change when analyses were conducted with the dichotomous abuse history variables (i.e., none-low vs. moderate-severe).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Zurück zum Zitat Amstadeter, A. (2008). Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 211–221.CrossRef Amstadeter, A. (2008). Emotion regulation and anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 211–221.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176–181.CrossRef Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., & Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10, 176–181.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRefPubMed Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173–1182.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bernstein, D. P., Ahluvalia, T., Pogge, D., & Handelsman, L. (1997). Validity of the childhood trauma questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 340–348.CrossRefPubMed Bernstein, D. P., Ahluvalia, T., Pogge, D., & Handelsman, L. (1997). Validity of the childhood trauma questionnaire in an adolescent psychiatric population. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 340–348.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood trauma questionnaire: Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. Bernstein, D. P., & Fink, L. (1998). Childhood trauma questionnaire: Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Zurück zum Zitat Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Wlaker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., et al. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 169–190.CrossRefPubMed Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Wlaker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., et al. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the childhood trauma questionnaire. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 169–190.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bierer, L. M., Yehuda, R., Schmeidler, J., Mitropoulou, V., New, A. S., & Siever, L. J. (2003). Abuse and neglect in childhood: Relationship to personality disorder diagnoses. CNS Spectrums, 8, 737–740.PubMed Bierer, L. M., Yehuda, R., Schmeidler, J., Mitropoulou, V., New, A. S., & Siever, L. J. (2003). Abuse and neglect in childhood: Relationship to personality disorder diagnoses. CNS Spectrums, 8, 737–740.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Borkovec, T. D., Alcaine, O. M., & Behar, E. (2004). Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp. 77–108). New York, NY: Gilford Press. Borkovec, T. D., Alcaine, O. M., & Behar, E. (2004). Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In R. G. Heimberg, C. L. Turk, & D. S. Mennin (Eds.), Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp. 77–108). New York, NY: Gilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Borkovec, T. D., & Hu, S. (1990). The effect of worry on cardiovascular response to phobic imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 69–73.CrossRefPubMed Borkovec, T. D., & Hu, S. (1990). The effect of worry on cardiovascular response to phobic imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 69–73.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W., & Stöber, J. (1998). Worry: A cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal behavioral processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 561–576.CrossRef Borkovec, T. D., Ray, W., & Stöber, J. (1998). Worry: A cognitive phenomenon intimately linked to affective, physiological, and interpersonal behavioral processes. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 22, 561–576.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Borkovec, T. D., & Roemer, L. (1995). Perceived functions of worry among generalized anxiety disorder subjects: Distraction from more emotional distressing topics? Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychology, 26, 25–30.CrossRef Borkovec, T. D., & Roemer, L. (1995). Perceived functions of worry among generalized anxiety disorder subjects: Distraction from more emotional distressing topics? Journal of Behavioral Therapy and Experimental Psychology, 26, 25–30.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Bornovalova, M. A., Gratz, K. L., Delany-Brumsey, A., Paulson, A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2006). Temperamental and environmental risk factors for borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users in residential treatment. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 218–231.CrossRefPubMed Bornovalova, M. A., Gratz, K. L., Delany-Brumsey, A., Paulson, A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2006). Temperamental and environmental risk factors for borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users in residential treatment. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20, 218–231.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1994a). The empirical basis of generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1272–1280.PubMed Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Liebowitz, M. R. (1994a). The empirical basis of generalized anxiety disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1272–1280.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 179–192.CrossRefPubMed Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., & Barlow, D. H. (1998). Structural relationships among dimensions of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders and dimensions of negative affect, positive affect, and autonomic arousal. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 179–192.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., Korotitsch, W., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) in clinical samples. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 79–89.CrossRef Brown, T. A., Chorpita, B. F., Korotitsch, W., & Barlow, D. H. (1997). Psychometric properties of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) in clinical samples. Behavior Research and Therapy, 35, 79–89.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994b). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation. Brown, T. A., Di Nardo, P. A., & Barlow, D. H. (1994b). Anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Zurück zum Zitat Brown, A. M., Fitzgerald, M. M., Shipman, K., & Schneider, R. (2007). Children’s expectations of parent-child communication following interparental conflict: Do parents talk to children about conflict. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 407–412.CrossRef Brown, A. M., Fitzgerald, M. M., Shipman, K., & Schneider, R. (2007). Children’s expectations of parent-child communication following interparental conflict: Do parents talk to children about conflict. Journal of Family Violence, 22, 407–412.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251–1263.CrossRefPubMed Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251–1263.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 217–225.CrossRefPubMed Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 217–225.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Clara, I. P., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the depression-anxiety-stress scales in depressed and anxious patients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 61–67.CrossRef Clara, I. P., Cox, B. J., & Enns, M. W. (2001). Confirmatory factor analysis of the depression-anxiety-stress scales in depressed and anxious patients. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 23, 61–67.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cloitre, M. (1998). Sexual revictimization: Risk factors and prevention. In V. M. Follette, J. I. Ruzek, & F. R. Abueg (Eds.), Cognitive behavioral therapies for trauma (pp. 278–304). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Cloitre, M. (1998). Sexual revictimization: Risk factors and prevention. In V. M. Follette, J. I. Ruzek, & F. R. Abueg (Eds.), Cognitive behavioral therapies for trauma (pp. 278–304). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Cukor, D., & McGinn, L. K. (2006). History of child abuse and severity of adult depression: The mediating role of cognitive schema. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15, 19–34.CrossRefPubMed Cukor, D., & McGinn, L. K. (2006). History of child abuse and severity of adult depression: The mediating role of cognitive schema. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15, 19–34.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Decker, M. L., Turk, C. L., Hess, B., & Murray, C. E. (2008). Emotion regulation among individuals classified with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 485–494.CrossRefPubMed Decker, M. L., Turk, C. L., Hess, B., & Murray, C. E. (2008). Emotion regulation among individuals classified with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 485–494.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Dubo, E. D., Zanarini, M. C., Lewis, R. E., & Williams, A. A. (1997). Childhood antecedents of self-destructiveness in borderline personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 63–69. Dubo, E. D., Zanarini, M. C., Lewis, R. E., & Williams, A. A. (1997). Childhood antecedents of self-destructiveness in borderline personality disorder. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 42, 63–69.
Zurück zum Zitat Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 593–606.CrossRef Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., & Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 21, 593–606.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215–226.CrossRefPubMed Dugas, M. J., Gagnon, F., Ladouceur, R., & Freeston, M. H. (1998). Generalized anxiety disorder: A preliminary test of a conceptual model. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 215–226.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Dugas, M. J., Savard, P., Gaudet, A., Turcotte, J., Laugesen, N., Robichaud, M., et al. (2007). Can the components of a cognitive model predict the severity of generalized anxiety disorder? Behavior Therapy, 38, 169–178.CrossRefPubMed Dugas, M. J., Savard, P., Gaudet, A., Turcotte, J., Laugesen, N., Robichaud, M., et al. (2007). Can the components of a cognitive model predict the severity of generalized anxiety disorder? Behavior Therapy, 38, 169–178.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227–2247.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Murphy, B. C. (1996). Parents’ reactions to children’s negative emotions: Relations to children’s social competence and comforting behavior. Child Development, 67, 2227–2247.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children’s social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513–534.CrossRefPubMed Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., Shepard, S. A., Guthrie, I. K., Murphy, B. C., & Reiser, M. (1999). Parental reactions to children’s negative emotions: Longitudinal relations to quality of children’s social functioning. Child Development, 70, 513–534.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Fisher, P. L. (2006). The efficacy of psychological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder? In G. C. L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 359–377). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.CrossRef Fisher, P. L. (2006). The efficacy of psychological treatments for generalised anxiety disorder? In G. C. L. Davey & A. Wells (Eds.), Worry and its psychological disorders: Theory, assessment and treatment (pp. 359–377). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fox, N. A., Nichols, K. E., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K., Schmidt, L., Hamer, D., et al. (2005). Evidence for a gene-environment interaction in predicting behavioral inhibition in middle childhood. Psychological Science, 16, 921–926.CrossRefPubMed Fox, N. A., Nichols, K. E., Henderson, H. A., Rubin, K., Schmidt, L., Hamer, D., et al. (2005). Evidence for a gene-environment interaction in predicting behavioral inhibition in middle childhood. Psychological Science, 16, 921–926.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gibb, B. E., Butler, A. C., & Beck, J. S. (2003). Childhood abuse, depression, and anxiety in adult psychiatric outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 17, 226–228.CrossRefPubMed Gibb, B. E., Butler, A. C., & Beck, J. S. (2003). Childhood abuse, depression, and anxiety in adult psychiatric outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 17, 226–228.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gibb, B. E., Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. (2007). Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders in adult psychiatric outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 256–263.CrossRefPubMed Gibb, B. E., Chelminski, I., & Zimmerman, M. (2007). Childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, and diagnoses of depressive and anxiety disorders in adult psychiatric outpatients. Depression and Anxiety, 24, 256–263.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Ruan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., et al. (2005). Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1747–1759.CrossRefPubMed Grant, B. F., Hasin, D. S., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Ruan, W. J., Goldstein, R. B., et al. (2005). Prevalence, correlates, co-morbidity, and comparative disability of DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in the USA: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychological Medicine, 35, 1747–1759.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gratz, K. L. (2007). Targeting emotion regulation in the treatment of self-injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 1091–1103.CrossRefPubMed Gratz, K. L. (2007). Targeting emotion regulation in the treatment of self-injury. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63, 1091–1103.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gratz, K. L., Bornovalova, M. A., Delany-Brumsey, A., Nick, B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007). A laboratory-based study of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: The role of emotional non-acceptance. Behavior Therapy, 38, 256–268.CrossRefPubMed Gratz, K. L., Bornovalova, M. A., Delany-Brumsey, A., Nick, B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2007). A laboratory-based study of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: The role of emotional non-acceptance. Behavior Therapy, 38, 256–268.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.CrossRef Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41–54.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2008). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37, 14–25.CrossRefPubMed Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2008). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and deliberate self-harm among female undergraduate students at an urban commuter university. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37, 14–25.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 850–855.CrossRefPubMed Gratz, K. L., Rosenthal, M. Z., Tull, M. T., Lejuez, C. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 850–855.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Baruch, D. E., Bornovalova, M. A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2008). Factors associated with co-occurring borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users: The roles of childhood maltreatment, negative affect intensity/reactivity, and emotion dysregulation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 603–615.CrossRefPubMed Gratz, K. L., Tull, M. T., Baruch, D. E., Bornovalova, M. A., & Lejuez, C. W. (2008). Factors associated with co-occurring borderline personality disorder among inner-city substance users: The roles of childhood maltreatment, negative affect intensity/reactivity, and emotion dysregulation. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49, 603–615.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Gregory, A. M., Lau, J. Y. F., & Eley, T. C. (2008). Finding gene-environment interactions for generalized anxiety disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 258, 69–75.CrossRefPubMed Gregory, A. M., Lau, J. Y. F., & Eley, T. C. (2008). Finding gene-environment interactions for generalized anxiety disorder. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 258, 69–75.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hettema, J. M. (2008). The nosologic relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and major depression. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 300–316.CrossRefPubMed Hettema, J. M. (2008). The nosologic relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and major depression. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 300–316.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Keller, M. B. (2002). The long-term clinical course of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 11–16.PubMed Keller, M. B. (2002). The long-term clinical course of generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63, 11–16.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kessler, R. C., Davis, C. G., & Kendler, K. S. (1997). Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1101–1119.CrossRefPubMed Kessler, R. C., Davis, C. G., & Kendler, K. S. (1997). Childhood adversity and adult psychiatric disorder in the US National Comorbidity Survey. Psychological Medicine, 27, 1101–1119.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.PubMed Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048–1060.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: The Guilford Press. Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-behavioral treatment of borderline personality disorder. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Liverant, G. I., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Roemer, L. (2008). Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: The effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1201–1209.PubMed Liverant, G. I., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D. H., & Roemer, L. (2008). Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: The effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1201–1209.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995a). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.). Australia: Psychology Foundation of Australia. Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995a). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.). Australia: Psychology Foundation of Australia.
Zurück zum Zitat Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995b). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–342.CrossRefPubMed Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995b). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33, 335–342.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7, 19–40.CrossRefPubMed MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002). On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables. Psychological Methods, 7, 19–40.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat McLaughlin, K. A., Mennin, D. S., & Farach, F. J. (2007). The contributory role of worry in emotion generation and dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1735–1752.CrossRefPubMed McLaughlin, K. A., Mennin, D. S., & Farach, F. J. (2007). The contributory role of worry in emotion generation and dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 1735–1752.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mennin, D. S. (2004). Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 11, 17–29.CrossRef Mennin, D. S. (2004). Emotion regulation therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 11, 17–29.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mennin, D. S. (2006). Emotion regulation therapy: An integrative approach to treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36, 95–105.CrossRef Mennin, D. S. (2006). Emotion regulation therapy: An integrative approach to treatment-resistant anxiety disorders. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 36, 95–105.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2002). Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 9, 85–90.CrossRef Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2002). Applying an emotion regulation framework to integrative approaches to generalized anxiety disorder. Clinical Psychology: Science & Practice, 9, 85–90.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1281–1310.CrossRefPubMed Mennin, D. S., Heimberg, R. G., Turk, C. L., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Preliminary evidence for an emotion dysregulation model of generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1281–1310.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Mennin, D. S., Holaway, R. M., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). Delineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology. Behavior Therapy, 38, 284–302.CrossRefPubMed Mennin, D. S., Holaway, R. M., Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., & Heimberg, R. G. (2007). Delineating components of emotion and its dysregulation in anxiety and mood psychopathology. Behavior Therapy, 38, 284–302.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 40–48.CrossRefPubMed Miller, G. A., & Chapman, J. P. (2001). Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 40–48.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., Kim-Cohen, J., Goldberg, D., Gregory, A. M., et al. (2007). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 651–660.CrossRefPubMed Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Caspi, A., Kim-Cohen, J., Goldberg, D., Gregory, A. M., et al. (2007). Depression and generalized anxiety disorder: Cumulative and sequential comorbidity in a birth cohort followed prospectively to age 32 years. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64, 651–660.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Nash, M. R., Husley, T. L., Sexton, M. C., Harralson, T. L., & Lambert, W. (1993). Long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: Perceived family environment, psychopathology, and dissociation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 276–283.CrossRefPubMed Nash, M. R., Husley, T. L., Sexton, M. C., Harralson, T. L., & Lambert, W. (1993). Long-term sequelae of childhood sexual abuse: Perceived family environment, psychopathology, and dissociation. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 276–283.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Newman, M. G., Zuellig, A. R., Kachin, K. E., Constantino, M. J., Przeworski, A., Erikson, T., et al. (2002). Preliminary reliability and validity of the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire-IV: A revised self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 33, 215–233.CrossRef Newman, M. G., Zuellig, A. R., Kachin, K. E., Constantino, M. J., Przeworski, A., Erikson, T., et al. (2002). Preliminary reliability and validity of the generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire-IV: A revised self-report diagnostic measure of generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 33, 215–233.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Novick-Kline, P., Turk, C. L., Mennin, D. S., Hoyt, E. A., & Gallagher, C. L. (2005). Level of emotional awareness as a differentiating variable between individuals with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 557–572.CrossRefPubMed Novick-Kline, P., Turk, C. L., Mennin, D. S., Hoyt, E. A., & Gallagher, C. L. (2005). Level of emotional awareness as a differentiating variable between individuals with and without generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 19, 557–572.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Roemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. Behavior Therapy, 40, 142–154.CrossRefPubMed Roemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., & Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in generalized anxiety disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. Behavior Therapy, 40, 142–154.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2002). Generalized anxiety disorder. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Anxiety, its disorders: The nature, treatment of anxiety, panic (2nd ed., pp. 477–515). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2002). Generalized anxiety disorder. In D. H. Barlow (Ed.), Anxiety, its disorders: The nature, treatment of anxiety, panic (2nd ed., pp. 477–515). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Safren, S. A., Gershuny, B. S., Marzol, P., Otto, M. W., & Pollack, M. H. (2002). History of childhood abuse in panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 453–456.CrossRefPubMed Safren, S. A., Gershuny, B. S., Marzol, P., Otto, M. W., & Pollack, M. H. (2002). History of childhood abuse in panic disorder, social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 190, 453–456.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Salters-Pedneault, K., Roemer, L., Tull, M. T., Rucker, L., & Mennin, D. S. (2006). Evidence of broad deficits in emotion regulation associated with chronic worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 469–480.CrossRef Salters-Pedneault, K., Roemer, L., Tull, M. T., Rucker, L., & Mennin, D. S. (2006). Evidence of broad deficits in emotion regulation associated with chronic worry and generalized anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 469–480.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Salters-Pedneault, K., Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2004). The role of avoidance of emotional material in the anxiety disorders. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11, 95–114.CrossRef Salters-Pedneault, K., Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2004). The role of avoidance of emotional material in the anxiety disorders. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 11, 95–114.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Schneider, R., Baumrind, N., & Kimerling, R. (2007). Exposure to child abuse and risk for mental health problems in women. Violence and Victims, 22, 620–631.CrossRefPubMed Schneider, R., Baumrind, N., & Kimerling, R. (2007). Exposure to child abuse and risk for mental health problems in women. Violence and Victims, 22, 620–631.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1998). Reactive aggression among maltreated children: The contributions of attention and emotion dysregulation. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 381–395.CrossRefPubMed Shields, A., & Cicchetti, D. (1998). Reactive aggression among maltreated children: The contributions of attention and emotion dysregulation. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 27, 381–395.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Shipman, K. L., Schneider, R., Fitzgerald, M. M., Sims, C., Swisher, L., & Edwards, A. (2007). Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non-maltreating families: Implications for children’s emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 268–285.CrossRef Shipman, K. L., Schneider, R., Fitzgerald, M. M., Sims, C., Swisher, L., & Edwards, A. (2007). Maternal emotion socialization in maltreating and non-maltreating families: Implications for children’s emotion regulation. Social Development, 16, 268–285.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shipman, K., Zeman, J., Penza, S., & Champion, K. (2000). Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 47–62.CrossRefPubMed Shipman, K., Zeman, J., Penza, S., & Champion, K. (2000). Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and nonmaltreated girls: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 47–62.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding: Implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189–222.CrossRefPubMed Southam-Gerow, M. A., & Kendall, P. C. (2002). Emotion regulation and understanding: Implications for child psychopathology and therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 22, 189–222.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Spinrad, T. L., Stifter, C. A., Donelan-McCall, N., & Turner, L. (2004). Mothers’ regulation strategies in response to toddlers’ affect: Links to later emotion self-regulation. Social Development, 13, 40–55.CrossRef Spinrad, T. L., Stifter, C. A., Donelan-McCall, N., & Turner, L. (2004). Mothers’ regulation strategies in response to toddlers’ affect: Links to later emotion self-regulation. Social Development, 13, 40–55.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Styron, T., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1997). Childhood attachment and abuse: Long-term effects on adult attachment, depression, and conflict resolution. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, 1015–1023.CrossRefPubMed Styron, T., & Janoff-Bulman, R. (1997). Childhood attachment and abuse: Long-term effects on adult attachment, depression, and conflict resolution. Child Abuse and Neglect, 21, 1015–1023.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Suveg, C., Southam-Gerow, M. A., Goodman, K. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2007). The role of emotion theory and research in child therapy development. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 358–371.CrossRef Suveg, C., Southam-Gerow, M. A., Goodman, K. L., & Kendall, P. C. (2007). The role of emotion theory and research in child therapy development. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 14, 358–371.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York, NY: HarperCollins. Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics (3rd ed.). New York, NY: HarperCollins.
Zurück zum Zitat Tadic, A., Rujescu, D., Szegedi, A., Giegling, I., Singer, P., Moller, H. J., et al. (2003). Association of a MAOA gene variant with generalised anxiety disorder, but not with panic disorder or major depression. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 117B, 1–6.CrossRef Tadic, A., Rujescu, D., Szegedi, A., Giegling, I., Singer, P., Moller, H. J., et al. (2003). Association of a MAOA gene variant with generalised anxiety disorder, but not with panic disorder or major depression. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics, 117B, 1–6.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., & Borkovec, T. D. (1996). Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 255–266.CrossRefPubMed Thayer, J. F., Friedman, B. H., & Borkovec, T. D. (1996). Autonomic characteristics of generalized anxiety disorder and worry. Biological Psychiatry, 39, 255–266.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Thompson, R. A., & Calkins, S. D. (1996). The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 163–182.CrossRef Thompson, R. A., & Calkins, S. D. (1996). The double-edged sword: Emotional regulation for children at risk. Development and Psychopathology, 8, 163–182.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tull, M. T. (2006). Extending an anxiety sensitivity model of uncued panic attack frequency and symptom severity: The role of emotion dysregulation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 177–184.CrossRef Tull, M. T. (2006). Extending an anxiety sensitivity model of uncued panic attack frequency and symptom severity: The role of emotion dysregulation. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 30, 177–184.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tull, M. T., Barrett, H. M., McMillan, E. S., & Roemer, L. (2007). A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 38, 303–313.CrossRefPubMed Tull, M. T., Barrett, H. M., McMillan, E. S., & Roemer, L. (2007). A preliminary investigation of the relationship between emotion regulation difficulties and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Behavior Therapy, 38, 303–313.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2007). Emotion regulation difficulties associated with the experience of uncued panic attacks: Evidence of experiential avoidance, emotional nonacceptance, and decreased emotional clarity. Behavior Therapy, 38, 378–391.CrossRefPubMed Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2007). Emotion regulation difficulties associated with the experience of uncued panic attacks: Evidence of experiential avoidance, emotional nonacceptance, and decreased emotional clarity. Behavior Therapy, 38, 378–391.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Tull, M. T., Stipelman, B. A., Salters-Pedneault, K., & Gratz, K. L. (2009). An examination of recent non-clinical panic attacks, panic disorder, anxiety sensitivity, and emotion regulation difficulties in the prediction of generalized anxiety disorder in an analogue sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 275–282.CrossRefPubMed Tull, M. T., Stipelman, B. A., Salters-Pedneault, K., & Gratz, K. L. (2009). An examination of recent non-clinical panic attacks, panic disorder, anxiety sensitivity, and emotion regulation difficulties in the prediction of generalized anxiety disorder in an analogue sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 275–282.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Luterek, J. A., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A comparison with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 89–106.CrossRef Turk, C. L., Heimberg, R. G., Luterek, J. A., Mennin, D. S., & Fresco, D. M. (2005). Emotion dysregulation in generalized anxiety disorder: A comparison with social anxiety disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 89–106.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto, M., Iwata, N., Tomoda, A., Tanaka, S., Fujimaki, K., & Kitamura, T. (1999). Child emotional and physical maltreatment and adolescent psychopathology: A community sample in Japan. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 377–391.CrossRef Yamamoto, M., Iwata, N., Tomoda, A., Tanaka, S., Fujimaki, K., & Kitamura, T. (1999). Child emotional and physical maltreatment and adolescent psychopathology: A community sample in Japan. Journal of Community Psychology, 27, 377–391.CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Exploring the Relationship Between Childhood Abuse and Analogue Generalized Anxiety Disorder: The Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation
verfasst von
Melissa Soenke
Kathryn S. Hahn
Matthew T. Tull
Kim L. Gratz
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2010
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Cognitive Therapy and Research / Ausgabe 5/2010
Print ISSN: 0147-5916
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2819
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9264-8

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2010

Cognitive Therapy and Research 5/2010 Zur Ausgabe

Hörschwäche erhöht Demenzrisiko unabhängig von Beta-Amyloid

29.05.2024 Hörstörungen Nachrichten

Hört jemand im Alter schlecht, nimmt das Hirn- und Hippocampusvolumen besonders schnell ab, was auch mit einem beschleunigten kognitiven Abbau einhergeht. Und diese Prozesse scheinen sich unabhängig von der Amyloidablagerung zu ereignen.

So wirken verschiedene Alkoholika auf den Blutdruck

23.05.2024 Störungen durch Alkohol Nachrichten

Je mehr Alkohol Menschen pro Woche trinken, desto mehr steigt ihr Blutdruck, legen Daten aus Dänemark nahe. Ob es dabei auch auf die Art des Alkohols ankommt, wurde ebenfalls untersucht.

„Übersichtlicher Wegweiser“: Lauterbachs umstrittener Klinik-Atlas ist online

17.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Sie sei „ethisch geboten“, meint Gesundheitsminister Karl Lauterbach: mehr Transparenz über die Qualität von Klinikbehandlungen. Um sie abzubilden, lässt er gegen den Widerstand vieler Länder einen virtuellen Klinik-Atlas freischalten.

ADHS-Medikation erhöht das kardiovaskuläre Risiko

16.05.2024 Herzinsuffizienz Nachrichten

Erwachsene, die Medikamente gegen das Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätssyndrom einnehmen, laufen offenbar erhöhte Gefahr, an Herzschwäche zu erkranken oder einen Schlaganfall zu erleiden. Es scheint eine Dosis-Wirkungs-Beziehung zu bestehen.

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.