1 Introduction
2 Materials and methods
2.1 Data source
2.2 Participant selection criteria
2.3 Data collection
2.4 Statistical methods
3 Results
Baseline characteristics | Survivors (n = 394) | Non-survivors (n = 135) | p value |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 58.1 (41.9–73.0) | 64.0 (50.7–79.6) | 0.006 |
Male gender | 239/394 (60.7) | 77/135 (57.0) | 0.459 |
Weight, kg | 76.5 (68.0–87.7) | 76.0 (64.0–90.0) | 0.616 |
Height, cm | 171 (165–178) | 171 (163–178) | 0.686 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.9 (23.4–29.6) | 26.0 (22.1–30.5) | 0.701 |
PBW, kg | 66.2 (57.1–73.1) | 66.9 (54.7–73.1) | 0.611 |
Admission type | 0.071 | ||
Selective | 14/394 (3.6) | 0/135 (0) | |
Emergency | 379/394 (96.2) | 135/365 (100) | |
Urgent | 1/394 (0.2) | 0/135 (0) | |
Admission reason | |||
SDH | 26/394 (6.6) | 11/135 (8.1) | 0.004 |
SAH | 46/394 (11.7) | 29/135 (21.5) | |
ICH | 112/394 (28.4) | 45/135 (33.3) | |
Trauma | 210/394 (53.3) | 50/135 (37.1) | |
Ethnicity | |||
White | 268/394 (68.0) | 71/135 (52.6) | 0.004 |
Black | 21/394 (5.3) | 8/135 (5.9) | |
Other | 105/394 (26.6) | 56/135 (41.5) | |
Comorbidities | |||
CHF | 30/394 (7.6) | 13/135 (9.6) | 0.460 |
Cardiac arrhythmias | 70/394 (17.8) | 30/135 (22.2) | 0.254 |
Valvular disease | 16/394 (4.1) | 8/135 (5.9) | 0.369 |
Hypertension | 16/394 (4.1) | 19/135 (14.1) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 77/394 (19.5) | 23/135 (17.0) | 0.521 |
Chronic pulmonary condition | 43/394 (10.9) | 16/135 (11.9) | 0.765 |
Renal failure | 17/394 (4.3) | 15/135 (11.1) | 0.004 |
Liver condition | 21/394 (5.3) | 13/135 (9.6) | 0.079 |
ARDS | |||
None | 253/394 (64.2) | 73/135 (54.1) | 0.045 |
Mild | 83/394 (21.1) | 28/135 (20.7) | |
Moderate | 42/394 (10.6) | 25/135 (18.5) | |
Severe | 16/394 (4.1) | 9/135 (6.7) | |
Severity of illness | |||
GCS scores | 14 (10–15) | 15 (6–15) | 0.481 |
Vital signs in the beginning of ventilation | |||
Heart rate, bpm | 85 (75–96) | 84 (73–96) | 0.504 |
MAP, mmHg | 82 (76–88) | 82 (77–88) | 0.837 |
SpO2, % | 99 (98–100) | 99 (97–100) | 0.145 |
Temperature, °C | 37.2 (36.8–37.6) | 36.9 (36.4–37.4) | < 0.001 |
Laboratory in the beginning of ventilation | |||
p H | 7.40 (7.34–7.44) | 7.41 (7.33–7.46) | 0.383 |
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 356 (254–465) | 312 (200–424) | 0.007 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 40 (35–45) | 36 (31–42) | < 0.001 |
FiO2 | 50 (40–70) | 50 (50–100) | 0.011 |
First day of ventilation parameters | |||
Tidal volume, ml/kg PBW | 7.8 (6.9–8.7) | 7.9 (7.0–8.8) | 0.515 |
PEEP, cmH2O | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–8) | < 0.001 |
PIP, cmH2O | 18 (16–22) | 22 (19–26) | < 0.001 |
Respiratory rate, bpm | 18 (16–20) | 20 (17–22) | < 0.001 |
Minute ventilation, L/min | 8.8 (7.8–10.2) | 10.0 (8.1–12.3) | < 0.001 |
MP, J/min | 10.3 (8.3–13.2) | 13.4 (10.1–17.6) | < 0.001 |
Parameters | AUROC | Lower limit of 95% CI | Upper limit of 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|
GCS scores | 0.519 | 0.475 | 0.562 |
MP (J/min) | 0.678 | 0.637 | 0.718 |
MP + GCS | 0.687 | 0.646 | 0.726 |