Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 10/2008

01.10.2008 | Thoracic Oncology

Does Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases of Head and Neck Cancer Improve Survival?

verfasst von: Hauke Winter, MD, Georgios Meimarakis, MD, Gabriele Hoffmann, MD, Manuela Hummel, MD, Dominik Rüttinger, MD, Astrid Zilbauer, MD, Klaus Stelter, MD, Fritz Spelsberg, MD, Karl-Walter Jauch, MD, PhD, Rudolph Hatz, MD, PhD, Florian Löhe, MD, PhD

Erschienen in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Ausgabe 10/2008

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Background

The prognosis of patients with metastasized head and neck cancer is poor. Limited experience exists with the benefit of resection of lung metastases and systematic mediastinal and hilar lymph node dissection on survival of patients with head and neck carcinoma.

Methods

Eighty patients undergoing metastasectomy for pulmonary metastases of primary head and neck cancer entered the study. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox regression analysis. Survival differences between patients operated and those not operated on were analyzed by matched pair analysis.

Results

From 1984 until 2006, pulmonary metastases were diagnosed in 332 patients treated for head and neck cancer; 80 of these were admitted to our department for resection. Metastases of the primary head and neck tumor were confirmed histologically in 67 patients. The median overall survival after resection of lung metastases was 19.4 months and was statistically significantly better compared with patients who were not operated on (P < .001). The multivariate analysis after metastasectomy revealed that incomplete resection of pulmonary lesions, complications associated with surgery, and adjuvant therapy of the primary tumor are independent negative prognostic factors for survival. We observed a trend to improved survival in patients without hilar or mediastinal lymph node metastases.

Conclusion

The survival rate of patients operated on was statistically significantly higher than that of patients with conservative treatment. Even patients with multiple or bilateral pulmonary lesions after curative treatment of a primary tumor should be operated on if there is no contraindication against an extended surgical procedure and a complete resection of the metastases seems achievable.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Ferlito A, Shaha AR, Silver CE, et al. Incidence and sites of distant metastases from head and neck cancer. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2001;63:202–7.PubMed Ferlito A, Shaha AR, Silver CE, et al. Incidence and sites of distant metastases from head and neck cancer. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2001;63:202–7.PubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Probert JC, Thompson RW, Bagshaw MA. Patterns of spread of distant metastases in head and neck cancer. Cancer 1974; 33:127–33.PubMedCrossRef Probert JC, Thompson RW, Bagshaw MA. Patterns of spread of distant metastases in head and neck cancer. Cancer 1974; 33:127–33.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Zbaren P, Lehmann W. Frequency and sites of distant metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. An analysis of 101 cases at autopsy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987; 113:762–4.PubMed Zbaren P, Lehmann W. Frequency and sites of distant metastases in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. An analysis of 101 cases at autopsy. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987; 113:762–4.PubMed
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Finley RK III, Verazin GT, Driscoll DL, et al. Results of surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1992; 164:594–8.PubMedCrossRef Finley RK III, Verazin GT, Driscoll DL, et al. Results of surgical resection of pulmonary metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1992; 164:594–8.PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Mazer TM, Robbins KT, McMurtrey MJ, et al. Resection of pulmonary metastases from squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1988; 156:238–42.PubMedCrossRef Mazer TM, Robbins KT, McMurtrey MJ, et al. Resection of pulmonary metastases from squamous carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Surg 1988; 156:238–42.PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Leibel SA, Scott CB, Mohiuddin M, et al. The effect of local-regional control on distant metastatic dissemination in carcinoma of the head and neck: results of an analysis from the RTOG head and neck database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 21:549–56.PubMed Leibel SA, Scott CB, Mohiuddin M, et al. The effect of local-regional control on distant metastatic dissemination in carcinoma of the head and neck: results of an analysis from the RTOG head and neck database. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991; 21:549–56.PubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Rendina EA, de Vincentiis M, Primerano G, et al. Pulmonary resection for metastatic laryngeal carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 92:114–7.PubMed Rendina EA, de Vincentiis M, Primerano G, et al. Pulmonary resection for metastatic laryngeal carcinoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1986; 92:114–7.PubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Merino OR, Lindberg RD, Fletcher GH. An analysis of distant metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Cancer 1977; 40:145–51.PubMedCrossRef Merino OR, Lindberg RD, Fletcher GH. An analysis of distant metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Cancer 1977; 40:145–51.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, et al. Failure at distant sites following multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg 1984; 6:730–3.PubMedCrossRef Vikram B, Strong EW, Shah JP, et al. Failure at distant sites following multimodality treatment for advanced head and neck cancer. Head Neck Surg 1984; 6:730–3.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Laroche GP. Associated laryngeal and lung carcinoma. Can J Surg 1982; 25:206–7.PubMed Laroche GP. Associated laryngeal and lung carcinoma. Can J Surg 1982; 25:206–7.PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Mitchell RI. Multiple primary cancers involving the lung. Can J Surg 1979; 22:54–9.PubMed Mitchell RI. Multiple primary cancers involving the lung. Can J Surg 1979; 22:54–9.PubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Nibu K, Nakagawa K, Kamata S, et al. Surgical treatment for pulmonary metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Otolaryngol 1997; 18:391–5.PubMedCrossRef Nibu K, Nakagawa K, Kamata S, et al. Surgical treatment for pulmonary metastases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Am J Otolaryngol 1997; 18:391–5.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Cahan WG, Shah JP, Castro EB. Benign solitary lung lesions in patients with cancer. Ann Surg 1978; 187:241–4.PubMedCrossRef Cahan WG, Shah JP, Castro EB. Benign solitary lung lesions in patients with cancer. Ann Surg 1978; 187:241–4.PubMedCrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Leong PP, Rezai B, Koch WM, et al. Distinguishing second primary tumors from lung metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:972–7.PubMedCrossRef Leong PP, Rezai B, Koch WM, et al. Distinguishing second primary tumors from lung metastases in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:972–7.PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Geurts TW, Nederlof PM, van den Brekel MW, et al. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma following head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis or second primary? Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:6608–14.PubMedCrossRef Geurts TW, Nederlof PM, van den Brekel MW, et al. Pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma following head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis or second primary? Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11:6608–14.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Dennington ML, Carter DR, Meyers AD. Distant metastases in head and neck epidermoid carcinoma. Laryngoscope 1980; 90:196–201.PubMedCrossRef Dennington ML, Carter DR, Meyers AD. Distant metastases in head and neck epidermoid carcinoma. Laryngoscope 1980; 90:196–201.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Lefor AT, Bredenberg CE, Kellman RM, et al. Multiple malignancies of the lung and head and neck. Second primary tumor or metastasis? Arch Surg 1986; 121:265–70.PubMed Lefor AT, Bredenberg CE, Kellman RM, et al. Multiple malignancies of the lung and head and neck. Second primary tumor or metastasis? Arch Surg 1986; 121:265–70.PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Amer MH, Al Sarraf M, Vaitkevicius VK. Factors that affect response to chemotherapy and survival of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer 1979; 43:2202–6.PubMedCrossRef Amer MH, Al Sarraf M, Vaitkevicius VK. Factors that affect response to chemotherapy and survival of patients with advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer 1979; 43:2202–6.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Turnbull AD, Pool JL, Arthur K, et al. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the surgical management of pulmonary metastases. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1972; 114:99–105.PubMed Turnbull AD, Pool JL, Arthur K, et al. The role of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the surgical management of pulmonary metastases. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1972; 114:99–105.PubMed
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Browman GP, Cronin L. Standard chemotherapy in squamous cell head and neck cancer: what we have learned from randomized trials. Semin Oncol 1994; 21:311–9.PubMed Browman GP, Cronin L. Standard chemotherapy in squamous cell head and neck cancer: what we have learned from randomized trials. Semin Oncol 1994; 21:311–9.PubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Catimel G, Vermorken JB, Clavel M, et al. A phase II study of gemcitabine (LY 188011) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:543–7.PubMed Catimel G, Vermorken JB, Clavel M, et al. A phase II study of gemcitabine (LY 188011) in patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. EORTC Early Clinical Trials Group. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:543–7.PubMed
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Jacobs C, Lyman G, Velez-Garcia E, et al. A phase III randomized study comparing cisplatin and fluorouracil as single agents and in combination for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:257–63.PubMed Jacobs C, Lyman G, Velez-Garcia E, et al. A phase III randomized study comparing cisplatin and fluorouracil as single agents and in combination for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:257–63.PubMed
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Forastiere AA, Metch B, Schuller DE, et al. Randomized comparison of cisplatin plus fluorouracil and carboplatin plus fluorouracil versus methotrexate in advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:1245–51.PubMed Forastiere AA, Metch B, Schuller DE, et al. Randomized comparison of cisplatin plus fluorouracil and carboplatin plus fluorouracil versus methotrexate in advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10:1245–51.PubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Clavel M, Vermorken JB, Cognetti F, et al. Randomized comparison of cisplatin, methotrexate, bleomycin and vincristine (CABO) versus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (CF) versus cisplatin (C) in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A phase III study of the EORTC Head and Neck Cancer Cooperative Group. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:521–6.PubMed Clavel M, Vermorken JB, Cognetti F, et al. Randomized comparison of cisplatin, methotrexate, bleomycin and vincristine (CABO) versus cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (CF) versus cisplatin (C) in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. A phase III study of the EORTC Head and Neck Cancer Cooperative Group. Ann Oncol 1994; 5:521–6.PubMed
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Vokes EE, Weichselbaum RR, Lippman SM, et al. Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:184–94.PubMedCrossRef Vokes EE, Weichselbaum RR, Lippman SM, et al. Head and neck cancer. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:184–94.PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Choksi LB, Takita H, Vincent RG. The surgical management of solitary pulmonary metastasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1972; 134:479–82.PubMed Choksi LB, Takita H, Vincent RG. The surgical management of solitary pulmonary metastasis. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1972; 134:479–82.PubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat McCormack PM, Martini N. The changing role of surgery for pulmonary metastases. Ann Thorac Surg 1979; 28:139–45.PubMed McCormack PM, Martini N. The changing role of surgery for pulmonary metastases. Ann Thorac Surg 1979; 28:139–45.PubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Griffin JP, Eastridge CE, Tolley EA, et al. Wedge resection for non–small cell lung cancer in patients with pulmonary insufficiency: prospective ten-year survival. J Thorac Oncol 2006; 1:960–4.PubMedCrossRef Griffin JP, Eastridge CE, Tolley EA, et al. Wedge resection for non–small cell lung cancer in patients with pulmonary insufficiency: prospective ten-year survival. J Thorac Oncol 2006; 1:960–4.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Wedman J, Balm AJ, Hart AA, et al. Value of resection of pulmonary metastases in head and neck cancer patients. Head Neck 1996; 18:311–6.PubMedCrossRef Wedman J, Balm AJ, Hart AA, et al. Value of resection of pulmonary metastases in head and neck cancer patients. Head Neck 1996; 18:311–6.PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu D, Labow DM, Dang N, et al. Pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers. Ann Surg Oncol 1999; 6:572–8.PubMedCrossRef Liu D, Labow DM, Dang N, et al. Pulmonary metastasectomy for head and neck cancers. Ann Surg Oncol 1999; 6:572–8.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Margaritora S, Porziella V, D’Andrilli A, et al. Pulmonary metastases: can accurate radiological evaluation avoid thoracotomic approach? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 21:1111–4.PubMedCrossRef Margaritora S, Porziella V, D’Andrilli A, et al. Pulmonary metastases: can accurate radiological evaluation avoid thoracotomic approach? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 21:1111–4.PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Diederich S, Semik M, Lentschig MG, et al. Helical CT of pulmonary nodules in patients with extrathoracic malignancy: CT-surgical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172:353–60.PubMed Diederich S, Semik M, Lentschig MG, et al. Helical CT of pulmonary nodules in patients with extrathoracic malignancy: CT-surgical correlation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172:353–60.PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Kim KH, Sung MW, Chung PS, et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994; 120:721–6.PubMed Kim KH, Sung MW, Chung PS, et al. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994; 120:721–6.PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Mountain CF, McMurtrey MJ, Hermes KE. Surgery for pulmonary metastasis: a 20-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38:323–30.PubMedCrossRef Mountain CF, McMurtrey MJ, Hermes KE. Surgery for pulmonary metastasis: a 20-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 1984; 38:323–30.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Mountain CF, Khalil KG, Hermes KE, et al. The contribution of surgery to the management of carcinomatous pulmonary metastases. Cancer 1978; 41:833–40.PubMedCrossRef Mountain CF, Khalil KG, Hermes KE, et al. The contribution of surgery to the management of carcinomatous pulmonary metastases. Cancer 1978; 41:833–40.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Morrow CE, Vassilopoulos PP, Grage TB. Surgical resection for metastatic neoplasms of the lung: experience at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Cancer 1980; 45:2981–5.PubMedCrossRef Morrow CE, Vassilopoulos PP, Grage TB. Surgical resection for metastatic neoplasms of the lung: experience at the University of Minnesota Hospitals. Cancer 1980; 45:2981–5.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Patterson GA, Todd TR, Ilves R, et al. Surgical management of pulmonary metastases. Can J Surg 1982; 25:102–5.PubMed Patterson GA, Todd TR, Ilves R, et al. Surgical management of pulmonary metastases. Can J Surg 1982; 25:102–5.PubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Temple WJ, Ketcham AS. Surgical management of isolated systemic metastases. Semin Oncol 1980; 7:468–80.PubMed Temple WJ, Ketcham AS. Surgical management of isolated systemic metastases. Semin Oncol 1980; 7:468–80.PubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Ercan S, Nichols FC III, Trastek VF, et al. Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis found during pulmonary metastasectomy for extrapulmonary carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77:1786–91.PubMedCrossRef Ercan S, Nichols FC III, Trastek VF, et al. Prognostic significance of lymph node metastasis found during pulmonary metastasectomy for extrapulmonary carcinoma. Ann Thorac Surg 2004; 77:1786–91.PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Pfannschmidt J, Klode J, Muley T, et al. Nodal involvement at the time of pulmonary metastasectomy: experiences in 245 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81:448–54.PubMedCrossRef Pfannschmidt J, Klode J, Muley T, et al. Nodal involvement at the time of pulmonary metastasectomy: experiences in 245 patients. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 81:448–54.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Kamiyoshihara M, Hirai T, Kawashima O, et al. The surgical treatment of metastatic tumors in the lung: is lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection suitable treatment? Oncol Rep 1998; 5:453–7.PubMed Kamiyoshihara M, Hirai T, Kawashima O, et al. The surgical treatment of metastatic tumors in the lung: is lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection suitable treatment? Oncol Rep 1998; 5:453–7.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
Does Surgical Resection of Pulmonary Metastases of Head and Neck Cancer Improve Survival?
verfasst von
Hauke Winter, MD
Georgios Meimarakis, MD
Gabriele Hoffmann, MD
Manuela Hummel, MD
Dominik Rüttinger, MD
Astrid Zilbauer, MD
Klaus Stelter, MD
Fritz Spelsberg, MD
Karl-Walter Jauch, MD, PhD
Rudolph Hatz, MD, PhD
Florian Löhe, MD, PhD
Publikationsdatum
01.10.2008
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Ausgabe 10/2008
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Elektronische ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-008-0001-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 10/2008

Annals of Surgical Oncology 10/2008 Zur Ausgabe

Häusliche Gewalt in der orthopädischen Notaufnahme oft nicht erkannt

28.05.2024 Häusliche Gewalt Nachrichten

In der Notaufnahme wird die Chance, Opfer von häuslicher Gewalt zu identifizieren, von Orthopäden und Orthopädinnen offenbar zu wenig genutzt. Darauf deuten die Ergebnisse einer Fragebogenstudie an der Sahlgrenska-Universität in Schweden hin.

Fehlerkultur in der Medizin – Offenheit zählt!

28.05.2024 Fehlerkultur Podcast

Darüber reden und aus Fehlern lernen, sollte das Motto in der Medizin lauten. Und zwar nicht nur im Sinne der Patientensicherheit. Eine negative Fehlerkultur kann auch die Behandelnden ernsthaft krank machen, warnt Prof. Dr. Reinhard Strametz. Ein Plädoyer und ein Leitfaden für den offenen Umgang mit kritischen Ereignissen in Medizin und Pflege.

Mehr Frauen im OP – weniger postoperative Komplikationen

21.05.2024 Allgemeine Chirurgie Nachrichten

Ein Frauenanteil von mindestens einem Drittel im ärztlichen Op.-Team war in einer großen retrospektiven Studie aus Kanada mit einer signifikanten Reduktion der postoperativen Morbidität assoziiert.

TAVI versus Klappenchirurgie: Neue Vergleichsstudie sorgt für Erstaunen

21.05.2024 TAVI Nachrichten

Bei schwerer Aortenstenose und obstruktiver KHK empfehlen die Leitlinien derzeit eine chirurgische Kombi-Behandlung aus Klappenersatz plus Bypass-OP. Diese Empfehlung wird allerdings jetzt durch eine aktuelle Studie infrage gestellt – mit überraschender Deutlichkeit.

Update Chirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

S3-Leitlinie „Diagnostik und Therapie des Karpaltunnelsyndroms“

Karpaltunnelsyndrom BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Karpaltunnelsyndrom ist die häufigste Kompressionsneuropathie peripherer Nerven. Obwohl die Anamnese mit dem nächtlichen Einschlafen der Hand (Brachialgia parästhetica nocturna) sehr typisch ist, ist eine klinisch-neurologische Untersuchung und Elektroneurografie in manchen Fällen auch eine Neurosonografie erforderlich. Im Anfangsstadium sind konservative Maßnahmen (Handgelenksschiene, Ergotherapie) empfehlenswert. Bei nicht Ansprechen der konservativen Therapie oder Auftreten von neurologischen Ausfällen ist eine Dekompression des N. medianus am Karpaltunnel indiziert.

Prof. Dr. med. Gregor Antoniadis
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S2e-Leitlinie „Distale Radiusfraktur“

Radiusfraktur BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Das Webinar beschäftigt sich mit Fragen und Antworten zu Diagnostik und Klassifikation sowie Möglichkeiten des Ausschlusses von Zusatzverletzungen. Die Referenten erläutern, welche Frakturen konservativ behandelt werden können und wie. Das Webinar beantwortet die Frage nach aktuellen operativen Therapiekonzepten: Welcher Zugang, welches Osteosynthesematerial? Auf was muss bei der Nachbehandlung der distalen Radiusfraktur geachtet werden?

PD Dr. med. Oliver Pieske
Dr. med. Benjamin Meyknecht
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.

S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“

Appendizitis BDC Leitlinien Webinare
CME: 2 Punkte

Inhalte des Webinars zur S1-Leitlinie „Empfehlungen zur Therapie der akuten Appendizitis bei Erwachsenen“ sind die Darstellung des Projektes und des Erstellungswegs zur S1-Leitlinie, die Erläuterung der klinischen Relevanz der Klassifikation EAES 2015, die wissenschaftliche Begründung der wichtigsten Empfehlungen und die Darstellung stadiengerechter Therapieoptionen.

Dr. med. Mihailo Andric
Berufsverband der Deutschen Chirurgie e.V.