Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 5/2017

04.04.2017 | Lungenkarzinome | Leitthema

Differenzialtherapie des fortgeschrittenen metastasierten kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms

verfasst von: Dr. med. M. Sebastian, Dr. med. J. Stratmann

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 5/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Das aggressive biologische Verhalten des kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (SCLC) im Sinne einer kurzen Tumorverdopplungszeit und frühen Metastasierungstendenz begründet, dass 70 % der Betroffenen bereits bei Erstdiagnose an einem fortgeschrittenen metastasierten Krankheitsstadium leiden. Die genetische Komplexität und Instabilität des SCLC sowie die frühe Selektion therapieresistenter Zelllinien bedingt eine ausgeprägte Neigung zu Rezidiven, liefert jedoch Ansatzpunkte für zielgerichtete Therapien. Insgesamt ist die Chemotherapie ein wesentliches Standbein der multimodalen und interdisziplinären Behandlung.

Material und Methoden

Die Arbeit basiert auf einer selektiven Literaturrecherche der Datenbanken PubMed und Cochrane zum Thema metastasiertes kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Das SCLC ist mit hohen Ansprechraten besonders chemotherapiesensibel. Die Standardtherapie in der Erstlinie stellt auch nach 25 Jahren noch die Platindoublette in Kombination mit Etoposid dar und erreicht ein Tumoransprechen von 60–70 % mit einer Komplettremissionsrate von über 30 %. Das Tumorrezidiv ist jedoch obligat. In der zweiten Therapielinie führt Topotecan zu einer Verlängerung des Überlebens und einer Verbesserung der Lebensqualität und kann äquieffektiv oral oder parenteral appliziert werden. Amrubicin und andere anthrazyklinhaltige Polychemotherapien stellen eine wirksame Therapiealternative in der Zweitlinie dar. In der Drittlinie gibt es keine validierten Strategien; häufig wird jedoch auf Kombinationen aus der Erstlinie oder Monotherapien zurückgegriffen. Die moderne zielgerichtete Tumortherapie hat bisher zu keiner etablierten Strategie geführt. Die frühzeitige Integration der supportiven und palliativmedizinischen Versorgung ist wesentlicher Bestandteil einer hohen Versorgungsqualität. Trotz differenzieller Ansätze und dem Einsatz zielgerichteter Therapien konnte in den letzten 30 Jahren kein nennenswerter Fortschritt in der Therapie der metastasierten Erkrankung erreicht werden.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Lowenbraun S, Bartolucci A, Smalley RV, Lynn M, Krauss S, Durant JR (1979) The superiority of combination chemotherapy over single agent chemotherapy in small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 44(2):406–413CrossRefPubMed Lowenbraun S, Bartolucci A, Smalley RV, Lynn M, Krauss S, Durant JR (1979) The superiority of combination chemotherapy over single agent chemotherapy in small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 44(2):406–413CrossRefPubMed
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Green RA, Humphrey E, Close H, Patno ME (1969) Alkylating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Med 46(4):516–525CrossRefPubMed Green RA, Humphrey E, Close H, Patno ME (1969) Alkylating agents in bronchogenic carcinoma. Am J Med 46(4):516–525CrossRefPubMed
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Souhami RL, Law K (1990) Longevity in small cell lung cancer. A report to the Lung Cancer Subcommittee of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research. Br J Cancer 61(4):584–589CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Souhami RL, Law K (1990) Longevity in small cell lung cancer. A report to the Lung Cancer Subcommittee of the United Kingdom Coordinating Committee for Cancer Research. Br J Cancer 61(4):584–589CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee SM, James LE, Qian W, Spiro S, Eisen T, Gower NH et al (2009) Comparison of gemcitabine and carboplatin versus cisplatin and etoposide for patients with poor-prognosis small cell lung cancer. Thorax 64(1):75–80CrossRefPubMed Lee SM, James LE, Qian W, Spiro S, Eisen T, Gower NH et al (2009) Comparison of gemcitabine and carboplatin versus cisplatin and etoposide for patients with poor-prognosis small cell lung cancer. Thorax 64(1):75–80CrossRefPubMed
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Fink TH, Huber RM, Heigener DF, Eschbach C, Waller C, Steinhauer EU et al (2012) Topotecan/cisplatin compared with cisplatin/etoposide as first-line treatment for patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer: final results of a randomized phase III trial. J Thorac Oncol 7(9):1432–1439CrossRefPubMed Fink TH, Huber RM, Heigener DF, Eschbach C, Waller C, Steinhauer EU et al (2012) Topotecan/cisplatin compared with cisplatin/etoposide as first-line treatment for patients with extensive disease small-cell lung cancer: final results of a randomized phase III trial. J Thorac Oncol 7(9):1432–1439CrossRefPubMed
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bakalos G, Miligkos M, Doxani C, Mpoulimari I, Rodopoulou P, Zintzaras E (2013) Assessing the relative effectiveness and tolerability of treatments in small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 37(5):675–682CrossRefPubMed Bakalos G, Miligkos M, Doxani C, Mpoulimari I, Rodopoulou P, Zintzaras E (2013) Assessing the relative effectiveness and tolerability of treatments in small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 37(5):675–682CrossRefPubMed
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmittel A, Sebastian M, Fischer von Weikersthal L, Martus P, Gauler TC, Kaufmann C et al (2011) A German multicenter, randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan-carboplatin with etoposide-carboplatin as first-line therapy for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 22(8):1798–1804CrossRefPubMed Schmittel A, Sebastian M, Fischer von Weikersthal L, Martus P, Gauler TC, Kaufmann C et al (2011) A German multicenter, randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan-carboplatin with etoposide-carboplatin as first-line therapy for extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 22(8):1798–1804CrossRefPubMed
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Lara PN, Natale R, Crowley J, Lenz HJ, Redman MW, Carleton JE et al (2009) Phase III trial of irinotecan/cisplatin compared with etoposide/cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: clinical and pharmacogenomic results from SWOG S0124. J Clin Oncol 27(15):2530–2535CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lara PN, Natale R, Crowley J, Lenz HJ, Redman MW, Carleton JE et al (2009) Phase III trial of irinotecan/cisplatin compared with etoposide/cisplatin in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: clinical and pharmacogenomic results from SWOG S0124. J Clin Oncol 27(15):2530–2535CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossi A, Di Maio M, Chiodini P, Rudd RM, Okamoto H, Skarlos DV et al (2012) Carboplatin- or cisplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: the COCIS meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Clin Oncol 30(14):1692–1698CrossRefPubMed Rossi A, Di Maio M, Chiodini P, Rudd RM, Okamoto H, Skarlos DV et al (2012) Carboplatin- or cisplatin-based chemotherapy in first-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: the COCIS meta-analysis of individual patient data. J Clin Oncol 30(14):1692–1698CrossRefPubMed
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, Negoro S, Sugiura T, Yokoyama A et al (2002) Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 346(2):85–91CrossRefPubMed Noda K, Nishiwaki Y, Kawahara M, Negoro S, Sugiura T, Yokoyama A et al (2002) Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 346(2):85–91CrossRefPubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Goeckenjan G, Sitter H, Thomas M, Branscheid D, Flentje M, Griesinger F et al (2010) Pravention, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms. Pneumologie 64(Suppl 2):e1–e164CrossRefPubMed Goeckenjan G, Sitter H, Thomas M, Branscheid D, Flentje M, Griesinger F et al (2010) Pravention, Diagnostik, Therapie und Nachsorge des Lungenkarzinoms. Pneumologie 64(Suppl 2):e1–e164CrossRefPubMed
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuette W (2001) Chemotherapy as treatment of primary and recurrent small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 33(Suppl 1):S99–S107CrossRefPubMed Schuette W (2001) Chemotherapy as treatment of primary and recurrent small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 33(Suppl 1):S99–S107CrossRefPubMed
14.
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Rossi A, Garassino MC, Cinquini M, Sburlati P, Di Maio M, Farina G et al (2010) Maintenance or consolidation therapy in small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 70(2):119–128CrossRefPubMed Rossi A, Garassino MC, Cinquini M, Sburlati P, Di Maio M, Farina G et al (2010) Maintenance or consolidation therapy in small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lung Cancer 70(2):119–128CrossRefPubMed
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Roviello G, Zanotti L, Cappelletti MR, Gobbi A, Senti C, Bottini A et al (2016) No advantage in survival with targeted therapies as maintenance in patients with limited and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a literature-based meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clin Lung Cancer 17(5):334–340CrossRefPubMed Roviello G, Zanotti L, Cappelletti MR, Gobbi A, Senti C, Bottini A et al (2016) No advantage in survival with targeted therapies as maintenance in patients with limited and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: a literature-based meta-analysis of randomized trials. Clin Lung Cancer 17(5):334–340CrossRefPubMed
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Ciuleanu T, Samarzjia M, Demidchik Y, Beliakouski V, Rancic M, Bentsion DL et al (2010) Randomized phase III study (SPEAR) of picoplatin plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC alone in patients (pts) with SCLC refractory or progressive within 6 months after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 28(15 suppl):7002CrossRef Ciuleanu T, Samarzjia M, Demidchik Y, Beliakouski V, Rancic M, Bentsion DL et al (2010) Randomized phase III study (SPEAR) of picoplatin plus best supportive care (BSC) or BSC alone in patients (pts) with SCLC refractory or progressive within 6 months after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 28(15 suppl):7002CrossRef
18.
Zurück zum Zitat O’Brien MER, Ciuleanu T‑E, Tsekov H, Shparyk Y, Cucevia B, Juhasz G et al (2006) Phase III trial comparing supportive care alone with supportive care with oral topotecan in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 24(34):5441–5447CrossRefPubMed O’Brien MER, Ciuleanu T‑E, Tsekov H, Shparyk Y, Cucevia B, Juhasz G et al (2006) Phase III trial comparing supportive care alone with supportive care with oral topotecan in patients with relapsed small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 24(34):5441–5447CrossRefPubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Spiro SG, Souhami RL, Geddes DM, Ash CM, Quinn H, Harper PG et al (1989) Duration of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a Cancer Research Campaign trial. Br J Cancer 59(4):578–583CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Spiro SG, Souhami RL, Geddes DM, Ash CM, Quinn H, Harper PG et al (1989) Duration of chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer: a Cancer Research Campaign trial. Br J Cancer 59(4):578–583CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Eckardt JR, von Pawel J, Pujol J‑L, Papai Z, Quoix E, Ardizzoni A et al (2007) Phase III study of oral compared with intravenous topotecan as second-line therapy in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 25(15):2086–2092CrossRefPubMed Eckardt JR, von Pawel J, Pujol J‑L, Papai Z, Quoix E, Ardizzoni A et al (2007) Phase III study of oral compared with intravenous topotecan as second-line therapy in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 25(15):2086–2092CrossRefPubMed
22.
Zurück zum Zitat von Pawel J, Schiller JH, Shepherd FA, Fields SZ, Kleisbauer JP, Chrysson NG et al (1999) Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(2):658–667CrossRef von Pawel J, Schiller JH, Shepherd FA, Fields SZ, Kleisbauer JP, Chrysson NG et al (1999) Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 17(2):658–667CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Hagmann R, Hess V, Zippelius A, Rothschild SI (2015) Second-line therapy of small-cell lung cancer: topotecan compared to a combination treatment with Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide and Vincristine (ACO) - a single center experience. J Cancer 6(11):1148–1154CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Hagmann R, Hess V, Zippelius A, Rothschild SI (2015) Second-line therapy of small-cell lung cancer: topotecan compared to a combination treatment with Adriamycin, Cyclophosphamide and Vincristine (ACO) - a single center experience. J Cancer 6(11):1148–1154CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Onoda S, Masuda N, Seto T, Eguchi K, Takiguchi Y, Isobe H et al (2006) Phase II trial of amrubicin for treatment of refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer: Thoracic Oncology Research Group Study 0301. J Clin Oncol 24(34):5448–5453CrossRefPubMed Onoda S, Masuda N, Seto T, Eguchi K, Takiguchi Y, Isobe H et al (2006) Phase II trial of amrubicin for treatment of refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer: Thoracic Oncology Research Group Study 0301. J Clin Oncol 24(34):5448–5453CrossRefPubMed
25.
Zurück zum Zitat von Pawel J, Jotte R, Spigel DR, O’Brien MER, Socinski MA, Mezger J et al (2014) Randomized phase III trial of amrubicin versus topotecan as second-line treatment for patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 32(35):4012–4019CrossRef von Pawel J, Jotte R, Spigel DR, O’Brien MER, Socinski MA, Mezger J et al (2014) Randomized phase III trial of amrubicin versus topotecan as second-line treatment for patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 32(35):4012–4019CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Inoue A, Sugawara S, Maemondo M, Mori Y, Oizumi S, Harada M et al (2015) Randomized phase II trial comparing amrubicin with re-challenge of platinum doublet in patients with sensitive-relapsed small-cell lung cancer: North Japan Lung Cancer Study Group trial 0702. Lung Cancer 89(1):61–65CrossRefPubMed Inoue A, Sugawara S, Maemondo M, Mori Y, Oizumi S, Harada M et al (2015) Randomized phase II trial comparing amrubicin with re-challenge of platinum doublet in patients with sensitive-relapsed small-cell lung cancer: North Japan Lung Cancer Study Group trial 0702. Lung Cancer 89(1):61–65CrossRefPubMed
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Evans TL, Cho BC, Udud K, Fischer JR, Shepherd FA, Martinez P et al (2015) Cabazitaxel versus topotecan in patients with small-cell lung cancer with progressive disease during or after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 10(8):1221–1228CrossRefPubMed Evans TL, Cho BC, Udud K, Fischer JR, Shepherd FA, Martinez P et al (2015) Cabazitaxel versus topotecan in patients with small-cell lung cancer with progressive disease during or after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. J Thorac Oncol 10(8):1221–1228CrossRefPubMed
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Ichiki M, Gohara R, Rikimaru T, Kitajima T, Fujiki R, Shimada A et al (2003) Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and ifosfamide as second-line treatment of refractory or sensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Chemotherapy 49(4):200–205CrossRefPubMed Ichiki M, Gohara R, Rikimaru T, Kitajima T, Fujiki R, Shimada A et al (2003) Combination chemotherapy with irinotecan and ifosfamide as second-line treatment of refractory or sensitive relapsed small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Chemotherapy 49(4):200–205CrossRefPubMed
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Pallis AG, Agelidou A, Agelaki S, Varthalitis I, Pavlakou G, Gerogianni A et al (2009) A multicenter randomized phase II study of the irinotecan/gemcitabine doublet versus irinotecan monotherapy in previously treated patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 65(2):187–191CrossRefPubMed Pallis AG, Agelidou A, Agelaki S, Varthalitis I, Pavlakou G, Gerogianni A et al (2009) A multicenter randomized phase II study of the irinotecan/gemcitabine doublet versus irinotecan monotherapy in previously treated patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 65(2):187–191CrossRefPubMed
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmittel A, Knodler M, Hortig P, Schulze K, Thiel E, Keilholz U (2007) Phase II trial of second-line bendamustine chemotherapy in relapsed small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 55(1):109–113CrossRefPubMed Schmittel A, Knodler M, Hortig P, Schulze K, Thiel E, Keilholz U (2007) Phase II trial of second-line bendamustine chemotherapy in relapsed small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 55(1):109–113CrossRefPubMed
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeong J, Cho BC, Sohn JH, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Lee YJ et al (2010) Belotecan for relapsing small-cell lung cancer patients initially treated with an irinotecan-containing chemotherapy: a phase II trial. Lung Cancer 70(1):77–81CrossRefPubMed Jeong J, Cho BC, Sohn JH, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Lee YJ et al (2010) Belotecan for relapsing small-cell lung cancer patients initially treated with an irinotecan-containing chemotherapy: a phase II trial. Lung Cancer 70(1):77–81CrossRefPubMed
32.
Zurück zum Zitat Luo Q, Wang Z, Li S, Zhou J (2015) Efficacy of different monotherapies in second-line treatment for small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(10):19689–19700PubMedPubMedCentral Luo Q, Wang Z, Li S, Zhou J (2015) Efficacy of different monotherapies in second-line treatment for small cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(10):19689–19700PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Dowell JE, Amirkhan RH, Lai WS, Frawley WH, Minna JD (2004) Survival in small cell lung cancer is independent of tumor expression of VEGF and COX-2. Anticancer Res 24(4):2367–2373PubMed Dowell JE, Amirkhan RH, Lai WS, Frawley WH, Minna JD (2004) Survival in small cell lung cancer is independent of tumor expression of VEGF and COX-2. Anticancer Res 24(4):2367–2373PubMed
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Inomata M, Hayashi R, Tokui K, Taka C, Okazawa S, Kambara K et al (2014) Outcome and prognostic factors in patients with small cell lung cancer who receive third-line chemotherapy. Tumori 100(5):507–511PubMed Inomata M, Hayashi R, Tokui K, Taka C, Okazawa S, Kambara K et al (2014) Outcome and prognostic factors in patients with small cell lung cancer who receive third-line chemotherapy. Tumori 100(5):507–511PubMed
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Simos D, Sajjady G, Sergi M, Liew MS, Califano R, Ho C et al (2014) Third-line chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: an international analysis. Clin Lung Cancer 15(2):110–118CrossRefPubMed Simos D, Sajjady G, Sergi M, Liew MS, Califano R, Ho C et al (2014) Third-line chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer: an international analysis. Clin Lung Cancer 15(2):110–118CrossRefPubMed
36.
Zurück zum Zitat de Jong WK, ten Hacken NHT, Groen HJM (2006) Third-line chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 52(3):339–342CrossRefPubMed de Jong WK, ten Hacken NHT, Groen HJM (2006) Third-line chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 52(3):339–342CrossRefPubMed
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Sebastian M, Heigener D, Alt-Epping B (2013) Palliativmedizinische Aspekte beim kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom. Onkologe 19(11):962–965CrossRef Sebastian M, Heigener D, Alt-Epping B (2013) Palliativmedizinische Aspekte beim kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom. Onkologe 19(11):962–965CrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Asao T, Nokihara H, Yoh K, Niho S, Goto K, Ohmatsu H et al (2015) Phase II study of amrubicin at a dose of 45 mg/m2 in patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 45(10):941–946CrossRefPubMed Asao T, Nokihara H, Yoh K, Niho S, Goto K, Ohmatsu H et al (2015) Phase II study of amrubicin at a dose of 45 mg/m2 in patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer. Jpn J Clin Oncol 45(10):941–946CrossRefPubMed
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Murakami H, Yamamoto N, Shibata T, Takeda K, Ichinose Y, Ohe Y et al (2014) A single-arm confirmatory study of amrubicin therapy in patients with refractory small-cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG0901). Lung Cancer 84(1):67–72CrossRefPubMed Murakami H, Yamamoto N, Shibata T, Takeda K, Ichinose Y, Ohe Y et al (2014) A single-arm confirmatory study of amrubicin therapy in patients with refractory small-cell lung cancer: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study (JCOG0901). Lung Cancer 84(1):67–72CrossRefPubMed
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Nogami N, Hotta K, Kuyama S, Kiura K, Takigawa N, Chikamori K et al (2011) A phase II study of amrubicin and topotecan combination therapy in patients with relapsed or extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 0401. Lung Cancer 74(1):80–84PubMed Nogami N, Hotta K, Kuyama S, Kiura K, Takigawa N, Chikamori K et al (2011) A phase II study of amrubicin and topotecan combination therapy in patients with relapsed or extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer: Okayama Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 0401. Lung Cancer 74(1):80–84PubMed
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Yeo CD, Lee SH, Kim JS, Kim SJ, Kim SC, Kim YK et al (2013) A multicenter phase II study of belotecan, a new camptothecin analogue, in elderly patients with previously untreated, extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 72(4):809–814CrossRefPubMed Yeo CD, Lee SH, Kim JS, Kim SJ, Kim SC, Kim YK et al (2013) A multicenter phase II study of belotecan, a new camptothecin analogue, in elderly patients with previously untreated, extensive-stage small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 72(4):809–814CrossRefPubMed
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Jeong J, Cho BC, Sohn JH, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Lee YJ et al (2010) Belotecan for relapsing small-cell lung cancer patients initially treated with an irinotecan-containing chemotherapy: a phase II trial. Lung Cancer 70(1):77–81CrossRefPubMed Jeong J, Cho BC, Sohn JH, Choi HJ, Kim SH, Lee YJ et al (2010) Belotecan for relapsing small-cell lung cancer patients initially treated with an irinotecan-containing chemotherapy: a phase II trial. Lung Cancer 70(1):77–81CrossRefPubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Lee DH, Kim S‑W, Suh C, Lee J‑S, Lee JH, Lee S‑J et al (2008) Belotecan, new camptothecin analogue, is active in patients with small-cell lung cancer: results of a multicenter early phase II study. Ann Oncol 19(1):123–127CrossRefPubMed Lee DH, Kim S‑W, Suh C, Lee J‑S, Lee JH, Lee S‑J et al (2008) Belotecan, new camptothecin analogue, is active in patients with small-cell lung cancer: results of a multicenter early phase II study. Ann Oncol 19(1):123–127CrossRefPubMed
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Rhee CK, Lee SH, Kim JS, Kim SJ, Kim SC, Kim YK et al (2011) A multicenter phase II study of belotecan, a new camptothecin analogue, as a second-line therapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 72(1):64–67CrossRefPubMed Rhee CK, Lee SH, Kim JS, Kim SJ, Kim SC, Kim YK et al (2011) A multicenter phase II study of belotecan, a new camptothecin analogue, as a second-line therapy in patients with small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 72(1):64–67CrossRefPubMed
45.
Zurück zum Zitat Lammers PE, Shyr Y, Li C‑I, Hutchison AS, Sandler A, Carbone DP et al (2014) Phase II study of bendamustine in relapsed chemotherapy sensitive or resistant small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 9(4):559–562CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Lammers PE, Shyr Y, Li C‑I, Hutchison AS, Sandler A, Carbone DP et al (2014) Phase II study of bendamustine in relapsed chemotherapy sensitive or resistant small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 9(4):559–562CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Schmittel A, Knodler M, Hortig P, Schulze K, Thiel E, Keilholz U (2007) Phase II trial of second-line bendamustine chemotherapy in relapsed small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 55(1):109–113CrossRefPubMed Schmittel A, Knodler M, Hortig P, Schulze K, Thiel E, Keilholz U (2007) Phase II trial of second-line bendamustine chemotherapy in relapsed small cell lung cancer patients. Lung Cancer 55(1):109–113CrossRefPubMed
47.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirose T, Nakashima M, Shirai T, Kusumoto S, Sugiyama T, Yamaoka T et al (2011) Phase II trial of amrubicin and carboplatin in patients with sensitive or refractory relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 73(3):345–350CrossRefPubMed Hirose T, Nakashima M, Shirai T, Kusumoto S, Sugiyama T, Yamaoka T et al (2011) Phase II trial of amrubicin and carboplatin in patients with sensitive or refractory relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 73(3):345–350CrossRefPubMed
48.
Zurück zum Zitat Hirose T, Horichi N, Ohmori T, Ogura K, Hosaka T, Ando K et al (2003) Phase II study of irinotecan and carboplatin in patients with the refractory or relapsed small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 40(3):333–338CrossRefPubMed Hirose T, Horichi N, Ohmori T, Ogura K, Hosaka T, Ando K et al (2003) Phase II study of irinotecan and carboplatin in patients with the refractory or relapsed small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 40(3):333–338CrossRefPubMed
49.
Zurück zum Zitat Naka N, Kawahara M, Okishio K, Hosoe S, Ogawara M, Atagi S et al (2002) Phase II study of weekly irinotecan and carboplatin for refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 37(3):319–323CrossRefPubMed Naka N, Kawahara M, Okishio K, Hosoe S, Ogawara M, Atagi S et al (2002) Phase II study of weekly irinotecan and carboplatin for refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 37(3):319–323CrossRefPubMed
50.
Zurück zum Zitat Kakolyris S, Mavroudis D, Tsavaris N, Souglakos J, Tsiafaki P, Kalbakis K et al (2001) Paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin as salvage treatment in refractory small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): a multicenter phase II study. Ann Oncol 12(2):193–197CrossRefPubMed Kakolyris S, Mavroudis D, Tsavaris N, Souglakos J, Tsiafaki P, Kalbakis K et al (2001) Paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin as salvage treatment in refractory small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): a multicenter phase II study. Ann Oncol 12(2):193–197CrossRefPubMed
51.
Zurück zum Zitat Mori K, Kamiyama Y, Kondo T, Kano Y, Kodama T (2006) Pilot phase II study of weekly chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin for refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58(1):86–90CrossRefPubMed Mori K, Kamiyama Y, Kondo T, Kano Y, Kodama T (2006) Pilot phase II study of weekly chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin for refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58(1):86–90CrossRefPubMed
52.
Zurück zum Zitat Ando M, Kobayashi K, Yoshimura A, Kurimoto F, Seike M, Nara M et al (2004) Weekly administration of irinotecan (CPT-11) plus cisplatin for refractory or relapsed small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 44(1):121–127CrossRefPubMed Ando M, Kobayashi K, Yoshimura A, Kurimoto F, Seike M, Nara M et al (2004) Weekly administration of irinotecan (CPT-11) plus cisplatin for refractory or relapsed small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 44(1):121–127CrossRefPubMed
53.
Zurück zum Zitat Agelaki S, Veslemes M, Syrigos K, Palamidas F, Polyzos A, Papakotoulas P et al (2004) A multicenter phase II study of the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in previously treated patients with small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 43(3):329–333CrossRefPubMed Agelaki S, Veslemes M, Syrigos K, Palamidas F, Polyzos A, Papakotoulas P et al (2004) A multicenter phase II study of the combination of gemcitabine and docetaxel in previously treated patients with small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 43(3):329–333CrossRefPubMed
54.
Zurück zum Zitat Sonpavde G, Ansari R, Walker P, Sciortino DF, Gabrys GT, Murdock A et al (2000) Phase II study of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy of small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 23(1):68–70CrossRefPubMed Sonpavde G, Ansari R, Walker P, Sciortino DF, Gabrys GT, Murdock A et al (2000) Phase II study of doxorubicin and paclitaxel as second-line chemotherapy of small-cell lung cancer: a Hoosier Oncology Group Trial. Am J Clin Oncol 23(1):68–70CrossRefPubMed
55.
Zurück zum Zitat Ohyanagi F, Horiike A, Okano Y, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y et al (2008) Phase II trial of gemcitabine and irinotecan in previously treated patients with small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61(3):503–508CrossRefPubMed Ohyanagi F, Horiike A, Okano Y, Satoh Y, Okumura S, Ishikawa Y et al (2008) Phase II trial of gemcitabine and irinotecan in previously treated patients with small-cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61(3):503–508CrossRefPubMed
56.
Zurück zum Zitat Pallis AG, Agelidou A, Agelaki S, Varthalitis I, Pavlakou G, Gerogianni A et al (2009) A multicenter randomized phase II study of the irinotecan/gemcitabine doublet versus irinotecan monotherapy in previously treated patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 65(2):187–191CrossRefPubMed Pallis AG, Agelidou A, Agelaki S, Varthalitis I, Pavlakou G, Gerogianni A et al (2009) A multicenter randomized phase II study of the irinotecan/gemcitabine doublet versus irinotecan monotherapy in previously treated patients with extensive stage small-cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 65(2):187–191CrossRefPubMed
57.
Zurück zum Zitat Schuette W, Nagel S, Juergens S, Bork I, Wollschlaeger B, Schaedlich S et al (2005) Phase II trial of gemcitabine/irinotecan in refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 7(2):133–137CrossRefPubMed Schuette W, Nagel S, Juergens S, Bork I, Wollschlaeger B, Schaedlich S et al (2005) Phase II trial of gemcitabine/irinotecan in refractory or relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 7(2):133–137CrossRefPubMed
58.
Zurück zum Zitat Agelaki S, Syrigos K, Christophylakis C, Boukovinas J, Varthalitis J, Pavlakou G et al (2004) A multicenter phase II study of the combination of irinotecan and gemcitabine in previously treated patients with small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 66(3):192–196CrossRefPubMed Agelaki S, Syrigos K, Christophylakis C, Boukovinas J, Varthalitis J, Pavlakou G et al (2004) A multicenter phase II study of the combination of irinotecan and gemcitabine in previously treated patients with small-cell lung cancer. Oncology 66(3):192–196CrossRefPubMed
59.
Zurück zum Zitat Ramalingam SS, Foster J, Gooding W, Evans T, Sulecki M, Belani CP (2010) Phase 2 study of irinotecan and paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or refractory small cell lung cancer. Cancer 116(5):1344–1349CrossRefPubMed Ramalingam SS, Foster J, Gooding W, Evans T, Sulecki M, Belani CP (2010) Phase 2 study of irinotecan and paclitaxel in patients with recurrent or refractory small cell lung cancer. Cancer 116(5):1344–1349CrossRefPubMed
60.
Zurück zum Zitat Leighl NB, Goss GD, Lopez PG, Burkes RL, Dancey JE, Rahim YH et al (2006) Phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (Caelyx) in combination with cyclophosphamide and vincristine as second-line treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 52(3):327–332CrossRefPubMed Leighl NB, Goss GD, Lopez PG, Burkes RL, Dancey JE, Rahim YH et al (2006) Phase II study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (Caelyx) in combination with cyclophosphamide and vincristine as second-line treatment of patients with small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 52(3):327–332CrossRefPubMed
61.
Zurück zum Zitat Charpidou A, Hatzidarellis EP, Alamara C, Dilana K, Pantazopoulos K, Kotteas E et al (2006) Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin HCL (Caelyx) in combination with Sandostatin LAR as salvage therapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer. In Vivo (Brooklyn) 20(4):553–557 Charpidou A, Hatzidarellis EP, Alamara C, Dilana K, Pantazopoulos K, Kotteas E et al (2006) Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin HCL (Caelyx) in combination with Sandostatin LAR as salvage therapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer. In Vivo (Brooklyn) 20(4):553–557
62.
Zurück zum Zitat Lebeau B, Chouaid C, Baud M, Masanes M‑J, Febvre M (2010) Oral second- and third-line lomustine-etoposide-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 67(2):188–193CrossRefPubMed Lebeau B, Chouaid C, Baud M, Masanes M‑J, Febvre M (2010) Oral second- and third-line lomustine-etoposide-cyclophosphamide chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 67(2):188–193CrossRefPubMed
63.
Zurück zum Zitat Yamamoto N, Tsurutani J, Yoshimura N, Asai G, Moriyama A, Nakagawa K et al (2006) Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel for relapsed and refractory small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 26(1B):777–781PubMed Yamamoto N, Tsurutani J, Yoshimura N, Asai G, Moriyama A, Nakagawa K et al (2006) Phase II study of weekly paclitaxel for relapsed and refractory small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Res 26(1B):777–781PubMed
64.
Zurück zum Zitat Dongiovanni V, Buffoni L, Berruti A, Dongiovanni D, Grillo R, Barone C et al (2006) Second-line chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with small-cell lung cancer pretreated with platinum and etoposide: a single institution phase II trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58(2):203–209CrossRefPubMed Dongiovanni V, Buffoni L, Berruti A, Dongiovanni D, Grillo R, Barone C et al (2006) Second-line chemotherapy with weekly paclitaxel and gemcitabine in patients with small-cell lung cancer pretreated with platinum and etoposide: a single institution phase II trial. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 58(2):203–209CrossRefPubMed
65.
Zurück zum Zitat Socinski MA, Raju RN, Neubauer M, Smith DA, Richards DA, Savin M et al (2008) Pemetrexed in relapsed small-cell lung cancer and the impact of shortened vitamin supplementation lead-in time: results of a phase II trial. J Thorac Oncol 3(11):1308–1316CrossRefPubMed Socinski MA, Raju RN, Neubauer M, Smith DA, Richards DA, Savin M et al (2008) Pemetrexed in relapsed small-cell lung cancer and the impact of shortened vitamin supplementation lead-in time: results of a phase II trial. J Thorac Oncol 3(11):1308–1316CrossRefPubMed
66.
Zurück zum Zitat Eckardt JR, Bentsion DL, Lipatov ON, Polyakov IS, Mackintosh FR, Karlin DA et al (2009) Phase II study of picoplatin as second-line therapy for patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 27(12):2046–2051CrossRefPubMed Eckardt JR, Bentsion DL, Lipatov ON, Polyakov IS, Mackintosh FR, Karlin DA et al (2009) Phase II study of picoplatin as second-line therapy for patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 27(12):2046–2051CrossRefPubMed
67.
Zurück zum Zitat Pietanza MC, Kadota K, Huberman K, Sima CS, Fiore JJ, Sumner DK et al (2012) Phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with relapsed sensitive or refractory small cell lung cancer, with assessment of methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase as a potential biomarker. Clin Cancer Res 18(4):1138–1145CrossRefPubMed Pietanza MC, Kadota K, Huberman K, Sima CS, Fiore JJ, Sumner DK et al (2012) Phase II trial of temozolomide in patients with relapsed sensitive or refractory small cell lung cancer, with assessment of methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase as a potential biomarker. Clin Cancer Res 18(4):1138–1145CrossRefPubMed
68.
Zurück zum Zitat Huber RM, Reck M, Gosse H, von Pawel J, Mezger J, Saal JG et al (2006) Efficacy of a toxicity-adjusted topotecan therapy in recurrent small cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 27(6):1183–1189CrossRefPubMed Huber RM, Reck M, Gosse H, von Pawel J, Mezger J, Saal JG et al (2006) Efficacy of a toxicity-adjusted topotecan therapy in recurrent small cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 27(6):1183–1189CrossRefPubMed
69.
Zurück zum Zitat Spigel DR, Greco FA, Burris HA, Shipley DL, Clark BL, Whorf RC et al (2011) A phase II study of higher dose weekly topotecan in relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 12(3):187–191CrossRefPubMed Spigel DR, Greco FA, Burris HA, Shipley DL, Clark BL, Whorf RC et al (2011) A phase II study of higher dose weekly topotecan in relapsed small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 12(3):187–191CrossRefPubMed
70.
Zurück zum Zitat Christodoulou C, Kalofonos HP, Briasoulis E, Bafaloukos D, Makatsoris T, Koutras A et al (2006) Combination of topotecan and cisplatin in relapsed patients with small cell lung cancer: a phase II study of the hellenic cooperative oncology group (HeCOG). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 57(2):207–212CrossRefPubMed Christodoulou C, Kalofonos HP, Briasoulis E, Bafaloukos D, Makatsoris T, Koutras A et al (2006) Combination of topotecan and cisplatin in relapsed patients with small cell lung cancer: a phase II study of the hellenic cooperative oncology group (HeCOG). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 57(2):207–212CrossRefPubMed
71.
Zurück zum Zitat Morgensztern D, Perry MC, Govindan R (2008) A phase II study of topotecan and docetaxel in patients with sensitive relapse small cell lung cancer. Acta Oncol 47(1):152–153CrossRefPubMed Morgensztern D, Perry MC, Govindan R (2008) A phase II study of topotecan and docetaxel in patients with sensitive relapse small cell lung cancer. Acta Oncol 47(1):152–153CrossRefPubMed
72.
Zurück zum Zitat Dy GK, Jett JR, Geoffroy FJ, Krewer KD, Tazelaar H, Maurer M et al (2006) Topotecan and paclitaxel in previously treated patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer: phase II trial of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. J Thorac Oncol 1(3):211–217CrossRefPubMed Dy GK, Jett JR, Geoffroy FJ, Krewer KD, Tazelaar H, Maurer M et al (2006) Topotecan and paclitaxel in previously treated patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer: phase II trial of the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. J Thorac Oncol 1(3):211–217CrossRefPubMed
73.
Zurück zum Zitat Spigel DR, Hainsworth JD, Lane CM, Clark B, Burris HA, Greco FA (2010) Phase II trial of vinflunine in relapsed small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 5(6):874–878CrossRefPubMed Spigel DR, Hainsworth JD, Lane CM, Clark B, Burris HA, Greco FA (2010) Phase II trial of vinflunine in relapsed small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 5(6):874–878CrossRefPubMed
74.
Zurück zum Zitat Dudek AZ, Lesniewski-Kmak K, Bliss RL, Brunstein C, Condon DL, Kratzke RA (2005) Pilot phase II study of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with recurrent or refractory small cell lung cancer. Lung 183(1):43–52CrossRefPubMed Dudek AZ, Lesniewski-Kmak K, Bliss RL, Brunstein C, Condon DL, Kratzke RA (2005) Pilot phase II study of gemcitabine and vinorelbine in patients with recurrent or refractory small cell lung cancer. Lung 183(1):43–52CrossRefPubMed
75.
Zurück zum Zitat Heist RS, Fain J, Chinnasami B, Khan W, Molina JR, Sequist LV et al (2010) Phase I/II study of AT-101 with topotecan in relapsed and refractory small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 5(10):1637–1643CrossRefPubMed Heist RS, Fain J, Chinnasami B, Khan W, Molina JR, Sequist LV et al (2010) Phase I/II study of AT-101 with topotecan in relapsed and refractory small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 5(10):1637–1643CrossRefPubMed
76.
Zurück zum Zitat Pillai RN, Aisner J, Dahlberg SE, Rogers JS, DiPaola RS, Aisner S et al (2014) Interferon alpha plus 13-cis-retinoic acid modulation of BCL-2 plus paclitaxel for recurrent small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study (E6501). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 74(1):177–183CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pillai RN, Aisner J, Dahlberg SE, Rogers JS, DiPaola RS, Aisner S et al (2014) Interferon alpha plus 13-cis-retinoic acid modulation of BCL-2 plus paclitaxel for recurrent small-cell lung cancer (SCLC): an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study (E6501). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 74(1):177–183CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
77.
Zurück zum Zitat Lara PN, Chansky K, Davies AM, Franklin WA, Gumerlock PH, Guaglianone PP et al (2006) Bortezomib (PS-341) in relapsed or refractory extensive stage small cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial (S0327). J Thorac Oncol 1(9):996–1001CrossRefPubMed Lara PN, Chansky K, Davies AM, Franklin WA, Gumerlock PH, Guaglianone PP et al (2006) Bortezomib (PS-341) in relapsed or refractory extensive stage small cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group phase II trial (S0327). J Thorac Oncol 1(9):996–1001CrossRefPubMed
78.
Zurück zum Zitat Tarhini A, Kotsakis A, Gooding W, Shuai Y, Petro D, Friedland D et al (2010) Phase II study of everolimus (RAD001) in previously treated small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16(23):5900–5907CrossRefPubMed Tarhini A, Kotsakis A, Gooding W, Shuai Y, Petro D, Friedland D et al (2010) Phase II study of everolimus (RAD001) in previously treated small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 16(23):5900–5907CrossRefPubMed
79.
Zurück zum Zitat Schneider BJ, Worden FP, Gadgeel SM, Parchment RE, Hodges CM, Zwiebel J et al (2009) Phase II trial of fenretinide (NSC 374551) in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 27(6):571–578CrossRefPubMed Schneider BJ, Worden FP, Gadgeel SM, Parchment RE, Hodges CM, Zwiebel J et al (2009) Phase II trial of fenretinide (NSC 374551) in patients with recurrent small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs 27(6):571–578CrossRefPubMed
80.
Zurück zum Zitat Trafalis DT, Alifieris C, Stathopoulos GP, Sitaras N (2016) Phase II study of bevacizumab plus irinotecan on the treatment of relapsed resistant small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 77(4):713–722CrossRefPubMed Trafalis DT, Alifieris C, Stathopoulos GP, Sitaras N (2016) Phase II study of bevacizumab plus irinotecan on the treatment of relapsed resistant small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 77(4):713–722CrossRefPubMed
81.
Zurück zum Zitat Rudin CM, Hann CL, Garon EB, Ribeiro de Oliveira M, Bonomi PD, Camidge DR et al (2012) Phase II study of single-agent navitoclax (ABT-263) and biomarker correlates in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18(11):3163–3169CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Rudin CM, Hann CL, Garon EB, Ribeiro de Oliveira M, Bonomi PD, Camidge DR et al (2012) Phase II study of single-agent navitoclax (ABT-263) and biomarker correlates in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 18(11):3163–3169CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
82.
Zurück zum Zitat Mountzios G, Emmanouilidis C, Vardakis N, Kontopodis E, Hatzidaki D, Popis E et al (2012) Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab in patients with chemoresistant relapsed small cell lung cancer as salvage treatment: a phase II multicenter study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Lung Cancer 77(1):146–150CrossRefPubMed Mountzios G, Emmanouilidis C, Vardakis N, Kontopodis E, Hatzidaki D, Popis E et al (2012) Paclitaxel plus bevacizumab in patients with chemoresistant relapsed small cell lung cancer as salvage treatment: a phase II multicenter study of the Hellenic Oncology Research Group. Lung Cancer 77(1):146–150CrossRefPubMed
83.
Zurück zum Zitat de Marinis F, Atmaca A, Tiseo M, Giuffreda L, Rossi A, Gebbia V et al (2013) A phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) in pretreated patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 8(8):1091–1094CrossRefPubMed de Marinis F, Atmaca A, Tiseo M, Giuffreda L, Rossi A, Gebbia V et al (2013) A phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat (LBH589) in pretreated patients with small-cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 8(8):1091–1094CrossRefPubMed
84.
Zurück zum Zitat Eisen T, Thatcher N, Leyvraz S, Miller WH, Couture F, Lorigan P et al (2009) Phase II study of weekly plitidepsin as second-line therapy for small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 64(1):60–65CrossRefPubMed Eisen T, Thatcher N, Leyvraz S, Miller WH, Couture F, Lorigan P et al (2009) Phase II study of weekly plitidepsin as second-line therapy for small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 64(1):60–65CrossRefPubMed
85.
Zurück zum Zitat Otterson GA, Hodgson L, Pang H, Vokes EE (2010) Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Romidepsin in relapsed small cell lung cancer (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30304). J Thorac Oncol 5(10):1644–1648CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Otterson GA, Hodgson L, Pang H, Vokes EE (2010) Phase II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor Romidepsin in relapsed small cell lung cancer (Cancer and Leukemia Group B 30304). J Thorac Oncol 5(10):1644–1648CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
86.
Zurück zum Zitat Gitlitz BJ, Moon J, Glisson BS, Reimers HJ, Bury MJ, Floyd JD et al (2010) Sorafenib in platinum-treated patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG 0435) phase II trial. J Thorac Oncol 5(11):1835–1840CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Gitlitz BJ, Moon J, Glisson BS, Reimers HJ, Bury MJ, Floyd JD et al (2010) Sorafenib in platinum-treated patients with extensive stage small cell lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG 0435) phase II trial. J Thorac Oncol 5(11):1835–1840CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
87.
Zurück zum Zitat Han J‑Y, Kim HY, Lim KY, Han JH, Lee YJ, Kwak MH et al (2013) A phase II study of sunitinib in patients with relapsed or refractory small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 79(2):137–142CrossRefPubMed Han J‑Y, Kim HY, Lim KY, Han JH, Lee YJ, Kwak MH et al (2013) A phase II study of sunitinib in patients with relapsed or refractory small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 79(2):137–142CrossRefPubMed
88.
Zurück zum Zitat Heymach JV, Johnson DH, Khuri FR, Safran H, Schlabach LL, Yunus F et al (2004) Phase II study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in patients with sensitive relapse small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 15(8):1187–1193CrossRefPubMed Heymach JV, Johnson DH, Khuri FR, Safran H, Schlabach LL, Yunus F et al (2004) Phase II study of the farnesyl transferase inhibitor R115777 in patients with sensitive relapse small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol 15(8):1187–1193CrossRefPubMed
89.
Zurück zum Zitat Spigel DR, Waterhouse DM, Lane S, Legenne P, Bhatt K (2013) Efficacy and safety of oral topotecan and bevacizumab combination as second-line treatment for relapsed small-cell lung cancer: an open-label multicenter single-arm phase II study. Clin Lung Cancer 14(4):356–363CrossRefPubMed Spigel DR, Waterhouse DM, Lane S, Legenne P, Bhatt K (2013) Efficacy and safety of oral topotecan and bevacizumab combination as second-line treatment for relapsed small-cell lung cancer: an open-label multicenter single-arm phase II study. Clin Lung Cancer 14(4):356–363CrossRefPubMed
90.
Zurück zum Zitat Allen JW, Moon J, Redman M, Gadgeel SM, Kelly K, Mack PC et al (2014) Southwest Oncology Group S0802: a randomized, phase II trial of weekly topotecan with and without ziv-aflibercept in patients with platinum-treated small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 32(23):2463–2470CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Allen JW, Moon J, Redman M, Gadgeel SM, Kelly K, Mack PC et al (2014) Southwest Oncology Group S0802: a randomized, phase II trial of weekly topotecan with and without ziv-aflibercept in patients with platinum-treated small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 32(23):2463–2470CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Metadaten
Titel
Differenzialtherapie des fortgeschrittenen metastasierten kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms
verfasst von
Dr. med. M. Sebastian
Dr. med. J. Stratmann
Publikationsdatum
04.04.2017
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 5/2017
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-017-0210-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2017

Der Onkologe 5/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Palliativmedizin und Supportivtherapie

SOP – Atemnot bei erwachsenen Palliativpatienten

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

Bei Immuntherapien das erhöhte Thromboserisiko beachten

Unter modernen Systemtherapien versechsfacht sich das VTE-Risiko. Warum diese Daten relevant für die Behandlung krebsassoziierter Thrombosen sind, erläutert Prof. F. Langer im Interview. So kann es durch Immuntherapien zu inflammatorischen Syndromen z.B. im GI-Trakt kommen. Nebenwirkungen wie Durchfall oder Mukositis haben dann Einfluss auf die Wirksamkeit oraler Antikoagulantien. Aber auch in punkto Blutungsrisiko ist Vorsicht geboten. Wann hier bevorzugt NMH eingesetzt werden sollten, erläutert Prof. Langer im Interview.

ANZEIGE

CAT-Management ist ganz einfach – oder doch nicht?

Krebsassoziierte venöse Thromboembolien (CAT) haben in den vergangenen Jahren stetig zugenommen. Was hat der Anstieg mit modernen Antitumortherapien zu tun? Venöse Thromboembolien sind relevante Morbiditäts- und Mortalitätsfaktoren in der Onkologie. Besonders hoch sind die Risiken bei Tumoren des Abdominalraums. Eine antithrombotische Primärprophylaxe ist daher gerade bei gastrointestinalen (GI-) Tumoren auch im ambulanten Setting wichtig.

ANZEIGE

Management von Thromboembolien bei Krebspatienten

Die Thromboembolie ist neben Infektionen die zweithäufigste Todesursache bei Krebspatienten. Die Behandlung der CAT (cancer associated thrombosis) ist komplex und orientiert sich am individuellen Patienten. Angesichts einer Vielzahl zur Verfügung stehender medikamentöser Behandlungsoptionen finden Sie hier Video-Experteninterviews, Sonderpublikationen und aktuelle Behandlungsalgorithmen zur Therapieentscheidung auf Basis von Expertenempfehlungen.

LEO Pharma GmbH

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

Neue ESMO-Clinical Practice Guidelines 2023 zum fortgeschrittenen mNSCLC

Mit dem Update der Clinical Practice Guidelines 2023 zum metastasierenden nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom (mNSCLC) trägt die ESMO der in den letzten Jahren immer weiter gewachsenen Anzahl an Therapieoptionen Rechnung. 

ANZEIGE

NOVUM Onkologie – Fortbildungsreihe zum NSCLC

Mit NOVUM Onkologie veranstaltet MSD regelmäßig Online-Fortbildungen zum Thema Lungenkarzinom. Bei dem mittlerweile etablierten Format erhalten Teilnehmende die Möglichkeit sich bei Expertendiskussionen zu praxisrelevanten Themen der pneumologischen Onkologie weiterzubilden.

ANZEIGE

Fokus Immunonkologie – NSCLC

Content Hub

Die Einführung von Immun-Checkpoint-Inhibitoren markierte einen entscheidenden Fortschritt in der Behandlung von bestimmten Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) und eröffnete seither neue Perspektiven und Chancen für Behandler und geeignete Patienten. Hier finden Sie fortlaufend aktuelle Informationen und relevante Beiträge zur Immunonkologie in dieser Indikation.

MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH

Passend zum Thema

ANZEIGE

AGO-Leitlinie 2024: Update zu CDK4 & 6 Inhibitoren

Die Kommission Mamma der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gynäkologische Onkologie (AGO) hat am 02. März 2024 ihre aktualisierten Empfehlungen präsentiert.[1,2] Welchen Stellenwert CDK4 & 6 Inhibitoren in der Therapie des Hormonrezeptor-positiven (HR+), HER2-negativen (HER2-) Mammakarzinoms haben, erfahren Sie hier im Update.

ANZEIGE

Finale OS-Analyse der MONARCH-3-Studie vorgestellt

In der MONARCH-3-Studie erhielten Patientinnen mit fortgeschrittenem HR+, HER2- Brustkrebs Abemaciclib [1,a] in Kombination mit nicht-steroidalem Aromatasehemmer (nsAI). Die finalen Daten bestätigen den in früheren Analysen beobachteten Unterschied zugunsten der Kombinationstherapie. [2] Details dazu vom SABCS 2023.

ANZEIGE

Die Bedeutung der CDK4 & 6 Inhibition beim HR+, HER2- Mammakarzinom

Es erwarten Sie praxisrelevante Patientenfälle, kompakte Studiendarstellungen, informative Experteninterviews sowie weitere spannende Inhalte rund um das HR+, HER2- Mammakarzinom.