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Erschienen in: HNO 5/2009

01.05.2009 | Leitthema

M. Menière

Evidenzen und Kontroversen

verfasst von: Prof. Dr. M. Westhofen

Erschienen in: HNO | Ausgabe 5/2009

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Zusammenfassung

Als Morbus Menière wird die idiopathische rezidivierende Innenohrerkrankung mit der Anamnesetrias: Hörminderung, Tinnitus, Drehschwindelattacken, fakultativ Ohrdruck, als Menière-Syndrom die nicht idiopathische Form der Erkrankung definiert. Sonderformen sind Lermoyez-Syndrom und Tumarkin-Krisen. Schlüsselbefund der Pathogenese ist der pathologisch veränderte hydrostatische und osmotische Druck in Endo- und Perilymphraum. Ätiologien des Menière-Syndroms können sein: pathologischer Mittelohrdruck, veränderte Durchmesser der Aquädukte, des Ductus peri- und endolymphaticus, Dehiszenz des superioren Bogengangs und anatomische Varianten der runden Nische und des Ductus peruniens. Diagnostisch sind die Stadieneinteilung, die audiologische und neurootologische Funktionsanalyse und die Erfassung der Betroffenheit des Patienten durch Inventare wesentlich. Die systemische On-label- und die Hochdosistherapie mit Betahistin sind medikamentöse Therapie erster Wahl. Bei deren Versagen ist unter Berücksichtigung der Innenohrfunktion dessen Funktionserhalt operativ zuverlässig durch die endolymphatische Shunt-Operation (ELS) möglich. Die Vestibularisneurektomie ist die zuverlässigste Labyrinthausschaltung mit Hörerhalt, die Kochleosakkulotomie bei vorbestehendem Hörverlust. Die lokale Gentamicintherapie bietet bei ebenfalls guten Langzeiterfolgen Probleme wegen Erholung der Makulafunktion mit Rezidiven und protrahiert auftretendem Hörverlust. Als Zukunftsperspektive für die Menière-Therapie sind neuere experimentelle Ergebnisse mit Gentransfer in vestibuläre Haarzellen anzusehen.
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Metadaten
Titel
M. Menière
Evidenzen und Kontroversen
verfasst von
Prof. Dr. M. Westhofen
Publikationsdatum
01.05.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
HNO / Ausgabe 5/2009
Print ISSN: 0017-6192
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-009-1915-2

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