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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 12/2018

22.11.2018 | Lungenkarzinome | Leitthema

Oligometastatische Erkrankung des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms

verfasst von: Severin Schmid, Bernward Passlick, Martin Stuschke, Frank Griesinger

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 12/2018

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Seit langer Zeit war bekannt, dass Patienten mit isolierten ZNS oder Nebennierenmetastasen einer potentiell kurativen Therapie zugeführt werden können. Diese Daten konnten in retrospektiven und z. T. prospektiven Studien bestätigt und auf weitere Organe ausgedehnt werden. Diese Erkenntnisse führten zur Definition eines neuen Stadiums M1b in der 8. UICC Klassifikation.

Methode

Eine selektive Literaturrecherche wurde durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Obgleich zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt Daten zum Gesamtüberleben noch nicht vorliegen, so ergibt sich aus den bisherigen prospektiven Daten ein einheitliches Bild, welches für die Anwendung von lokaltherapeutischen Maßnahmen in diesem Kontext spricht. Ungeklärt bleiben in diesen Studien jedoch noch die richtige Sequenz der Therapie, die Wahl der Behandlungsmodalitäten sowie die Bedeutung von Lymphknotenmetastasen. Das NSCLC metastasiert üblicherweise in die Leber, Lunge, Nebenniere, das Hirn sowie in die Knochen. Interessanterweise finden sich stark unterschiedliche klinische Verläufe in Abhängigkeit der Metastasenlokalisation und einem synchronen oder metachronen auftreten der Metastasen. Beim Vorliegen von Nebennierenmetastasen ist die solitäre ipsilaterale Manifestation mit den längsten Überlebensraten assoziiert. Zur Therapie der Nebennierenmetastase bieten sich sowohl die stereotaktische Bestrahlung als auch die chirurgische Resektion an. Standardtherapie bei Fehlen einer entsprechenden ALK(„anaplastic lymphoma kinase“)- bzw. EGFR(„epithelial growth factor receptor“)-Treibermutation stellt aktuell noch die platinhaltige Kombinationschemotherapie dar. Bei isolierten ZNS(zentrales Nervensystem)-Metastasen sollte Patienten eine stereotaktische Präzisionsstrahlentherapie oder eine Operation mit anschließender Tumorbettnachbestrahlung angeboten werden. Bei solitären Knochenmetastasen ohne Rückenmarkkompression bietet sich die lokal ablative Radiotherapie als durchaus gleichwertige und in vielen Fällen weniger langfristig körperlich einschränkende Therapiemaßnahme im Vergleich zu operativ-resezierenden Maßnahmen an.
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Metadaten
Titel
Oligometastatische Erkrankung des nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms
verfasst von
Severin Schmid
Bernward Passlick
Martin Stuschke
Frank Griesinger
Publikationsdatum
22.11.2018
Verlag
Springer Medizin
Erschienen in
Die Onkologie / Ausgabe 12/2018
Print ISSN: 2731-7226
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-018-0485-x

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