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Der Nervenarzt
Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt 4/2009

01.04.2009 | Übersichten

Symptome und pathophysiologische Mechanismen neuropathischer Schmerzsyndrome

verfasst von: S. Lanz, PD Dr. C. Maihöfner

Erschienen in: Der Nervenarzt | Ausgabe 4/2009

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Zusammenfassung

Neuropathische Schmerzen treten bei zahlreichen peripheren und zentralen Erkrankungen des Nervensystems auf. Sie stellen eine erhebliche medizinische Herausforderung dar, da Behandlungserfolge aufgrund der überproportional häufigen Schmerzchronifizierung und Therapieresistenz oft limitiert sind. Die pathophysiologischen Veränderungen, die der Entstehung neuropathischer Schmerzen zugrunde liegen, treten meist unabhängig von der Ätiologie der primären Nervenschädigung auf. Elementare Mechanismen sind hierbei die periphere und zentrale Sensibilisierung, die Disinhibition der Nozizeption, der sympathisch unterhaltene Schmerz und die zentrale Reorganisation. Die Identifizierung dieser Prozesse lieferte ein tieferes Verständnis der pathophysiologischen Grundlagen neuropathischer Schmerzen und könnte somit eine Basis für die Entwicklung neuer Therapieansätze darstellen. Hierauf beruht die Hoffnung, in Zukunft den oft erheblich und anhaltend beeinträchtigten Patienten neue Behandlungsmöglichkeiten anbieten zu können.
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Metadaten
Titel
Symptome und pathophysiologische Mechanismen neuropathischer Schmerzsyndrome
verfasst von
S. Lanz
PD Dr. C. Maihöfner
Publikationsdatum
01.04.2009
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Der Nervenarzt / Ausgabe 4/2009
Print ISSN: 0028-2804
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-0407
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-008-2630-z

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