Introduction
Material and methods
Eligibility criteria
Search strategy
Study selection, inclusion and exclusion criteria
Data collection process and data item
Risk of bias in individual studies, summary measures, and synthesis of results
Risk of bias across studies and additional analyses
Results
Studies selection, characteristics, and risk of bias within the studies
Authors | Affiliation/hospital | Year | Study design | Type of comparison | Sample size | Outcomes reported | Surgeon’s expertise | MINORS score | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BA | Non-BA DtoM | ||||||||
Kleespies et al. [5] | Department of Surgery, Klinikum Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany | 2009 | Retrospective without PSM | c-BA vs. CW-DtoM | 92 | 90 | CR-POPF, mortality, morbidity, PPH, reoperation, LOS, | Senior | 14/24 |
Fujii et al. [6] | Department of Gastroenterological Surgery (Surgery II), University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan | 2014 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. Ka-DtoM | 120 | 120 | CR-POPF*, mortality, morbidity, DGE, reoperation, LOS | Not reported | 14/24 |
Oda et al. [7] | Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan | 2015 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. Ka-DtoM | 78 | 78 | CR-POPF, mortality, morbidity, PPH, reoperation, LOS | Senior/junior | 14/24 |
Kawakatsu et al. [8] | Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research. Tokyo, Japan | 2018 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. Ka-DtoM | 110 | 176 | CR-POPF*, mortality, morbidity, reoperation, LOS | Not reported | 15/24 |
Kojima et al. [9] | Department of Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan | 2018 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. CW-DtoM | 101 | 103 | CR-POPF*, morbidity, PPH, DGE, LOS | Not reported | 15/24 |
Lee et al. [10] | Department of Surgery, Jesus Hospital Jeonju, Korea | 2018 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. CW-DtoM | 43 | 44 | CR-POPF, mortality, morbidity, PPH, DGE, LOS | Not reported | 13/24 |
Hirono et al. [13] | Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan | 2019 | RCT | m-BA vs. Ka-DtoM | 107 | 103 | CR-POPF, mortality, morbidity, PPH, reoperation, LOS | Senior | 23/24 |
Li et al. [11] | Department of Hepato-biliary Surgery, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, China | 2019 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. CW-DtoM c-BA vs. CW-DtoM | 73 75 | 81 | CR-POPF*, mortality, PPH, DGE, reoperation, LOS | Senior | 16/24 |
Satoi et al. [12] | Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan | 2019 | Retrospective without PSM | m-BA vs. Ka-DtoM | 118 | 128 | CR-POPF*, mortality, morbidity, PPH, DGE, reoperation, LOS | Not reported | 15/24 |
Casadei et al. [15] | Department of pancreatic surgery, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy | 2020 | Retrospective with PSM | m-BA vs. CW-DtoM | 37 | 37 | CR-POPF*, mortality, morbidity, PPH, DGE, reoperation, LOS | Senior | 19/24 |
Halloran et al. [14] | Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit and Clinical Directorate of General Surgery, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK | 2020 | RCT | m-BA vs. C_W-DtoM | 112 | 124 | CR-POPF*, mortality, morbidity, LOS, QoL, entry to chemo | Not reported | 23/24 |
Menonna et al. [16] | Division of General and Transplant Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana. University of Pisa, Italy | 2020 | Retrospective with PSM | m-BA vs. CW-DtoM | 109 | 109 | CR-POPF, mortality, morbidity, PPH, DGE, reoperation, LOS | Not reported | 19/24 |
Total | 1175 | 1193 | 15/24* |
Results of individual studies and synthesis of the results
Outcomes of interest | No. of studies | Event rate (%) o weighted mean (SD) | RD, OR, or WMD (95% CI) | NNT | P-value | Heterogeneity P-value of C-Q, I2 (%) | P-value for reporting bias ^ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BA arm | non-BA DtoM arm | Egger | Begg | ||||||
Primary endpoint | |||||||||
CR-POPF | 12 | 146/1175 (12.4) | 282/1193 (23.6) | −0.10 (−0.16 to −0.04) | 9 (7 to 12) | 0.001 | < 0.001; 51 | 0.030 | 0.044 |
CR-POPF based on multivariate ORs | 5 | § | § | 0.26 (0.09 to 0.79) | § | 0.017 | < 0.001; 75.1 | 0.149 | 0.221 |
Secondary endpoints | |||||||||
Mortality | 11 | 12/962 (1.2) | 26/966 (2.7) | −0.01 (-0.02 to 0.01) | 70 (*) | 0.258 | 0.093; 38.4 | 0.410 | 0.462 |
Overall morbidity | 11 | 360/915 (39.4) | 381/879 (43.3) | −0.10 (−0.18 to −0.02) | 25 (11 to 180) | < 0.001 | < 0.001; 71.5 | 0.656 | 0.602 |
PPH grade B and C° | 11 | 24/953 (2.5) | 50/893 (5.6) | −0.03 (−0.06 to −0.01) | 33 (20 to 78) | 0.022 | < 0.001; 73 | 0.953 | 1.000 |
DGE grade B and C° | 8 | 79/676 (11.7) | 65/622 (10.4) | −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.04) | 81** (*) | 0.987 | 0.029; 55.1 | 0.121 | 0.063 |
Reoperation | 11 | 32/919 (3.5) | 43/922 (4.7) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.01) | 85 (*) | 0.429 | 0.298; 15.8 | 0.501 | 0.858 |
LOS (days) | 11 | 20.2 (11.3) | 24.7 (14.5) | −4.17 (−7.13 to −1.21) | § | 0.006 | < 0.001;84.2 | § | § |
Primary endpoint
Secondary endpoints
Meta-regression analysis
Covariates | Number of studies | Beta coefficient ± SE | Adjusted R2 (%) | P-value | P-value ± SE after Monte Carlo permutation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study design (retrospective vs. PSM/RCT) | 12 | −0.10 ± 0.05 | −28 | 0.073 | 0.073 ± 0.008 |
Male gender, RR | 11 | −0.01 ± 0.27 | −12 | 0.948 | 0.950 ± 0.007 |
Age (years), WMD | 11 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 8 | 0.262 | 0.277 ± 0.014 |
PDAC or CP, RR | 8 | 0.15 ± 0.17 | −4 | 0.409 | 0.467 ± 0.016 |
“Soft pancreas,” RR | 8 | 0.21 ± 0.27 | −3 | 0.470 | 0.447 ± 0.016 |
Use of somatostatine analogues, RR | 5 | −0.32 ± 0.32 | 1 | 0.395 | 0.432 ± 0.016 |
Wirsung not dilated, RR | 6 | −0.39 ± 0.45 | −9 | 0.433 | 0.433 ± 0.016 |
MINORS score | 12 | −0.02 ± 0.01 | 46 | 0.022 | 0.028 ± 0.001 |
Type of BA (c-BA vs. m-BA) | 12 | 0.03 ± 0.06 | −8 | 0.591 | 0.614 ± 0.015 |
Type of DtoM (CW-DtoM vs. Ka-DtoM) | 12 | −0.08 ± 0.06 | 10 | 0.212 | 0.206 ± 0.013 |
Study origin (Western vs. Eastern) | 11 | −0.06 ± 0.07 | 0 | 0.334 | 0.303 ± 0.015 |